可变波束形成网络的关键技术研究
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摘要
可变波束形成网络是通信卫星和相控阵系统中的重要组成部分,通过阵列加权的方式使阵列波束指向期望方向,而旁瓣或零陷点对准干扰信号到达方向,从而可以高效地利用有用信号并抑制干扰信号。此外,赋形波束变化也使得可变波束形成网络具备一定的改变波束覆盖区域的能力,因此可变波束形成网络是现代通信,移动通信和雷达系统的研究重点之一。本文对可变波束形成网络中的关键部件——可变功分器和移相器进行了研究与设计。
本文首先对混合环定向耦合器和分支线定向耦合器的设计进行了研究,并在变容二极管的等效电路模型基础上对变容二极管的非理想性与插损之间的关系进行了分析;其次,通过对可调功率分配器和模拟移相器的工作原理进行研究分析,采用定向耦合器和变容二极管实现了平面可变功分器和移相器的设计,并探讨了多级反射网络级联对移相器的影响;最后,在理论分析和仿真设计的基础上,对可变功率分配器和移相器进行了制板和测试,实测结果表明:可变功分器可实现单支路7dB的功率变化,模拟移相器的相移范围为100度。
In order to take full advantage of useful signal and inhibit interference signals, the variable beam forming network (VBFN) makes array beam point at the direction of expectations and side-lobe point at the direction of interference signal through array weighting method. Besides, VBFN adjust the beam shape to change beam coverage area. Therefore variable beam forming network (VBFN) is one of important research area in modern communication, mobile communication and radar system. This dissertation focuses on the investigation of the variable power divider (VPD) and adjustable phase-shifter which is the key component of VBFN.
Firstly, the mixed central directional coupler and branch lines directional coupler is discussed and the equivalent circuit model of the varactor diode is analyzed. Secondly, the VPD and adjustable phase-shifter is designed using varactor diode and directional coupler. Finally, the VPD and adjustable phase-shifter are simulated and developed, the measured results show that the power change is less than 7dB in the operating frequency band , and the phase-shift range of the adjustable phase-shifter is about 100 degrees.
本文首先对混合环定向耦合器和分支线定向耦合器的设计进行了研究,并在变容二极管的等效电路模型基础上对变容二极管的非理想性与插损之间的关系进行了分析;其次,通过对可调功率分配器和模拟移相器的工作原理进行研究分析,采用定向耦合器和变容二极管实现了平面可变功分器和移相器的设计,并探讨了多级反射网络级联对移相器的影响;最后,在理论分析和仿真设计的基础上,对可变功率分配器和移相器进行了制板和测试,实测结果表明:可变功分器可实现单支路7dB的功率变化,模拟移相器的相移范围为100度。
In order to take full advantage of useful signal and inhibit interference signals, the variable beam forming network (VBFN) makes array beam point at the direction of expectations and side-lobe point at the direction of interference signal through array weighting method. Besides, VBFN adjust the beam shape to change beam coverage area. Therefore variable beam forming network (VBFN) is one of important research area in modern communication, mobile communication and radar system. This dissertation focuses on the investigation of the variable power divider (VPD) and adjustable phase-shifter which is the key component of VBFN.
Firstly, the mixed central directional coupler and branch lines directional coupler is discussed and the equivalent circuit model of the varactor diode is analyzed. Secondly, the VPD and adjustable phase-shifter is designed using varactor diode and directional coupler. Finally, the VPD and adjustable phase-shifter are simulated and developed, the measured results show that the power change is less than 7dB in the operating frequency band , and the phase-shift range of the adjustable phase-shifter is about 100 degrees.
引文
[1][美]David M.Pozar著,张肇仪等译.微波工程.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[2]顾继慧.微波技术.第1版.南京:南京理工大学,1999
[3]李刚,秦浩.基于单脉冲体制的波束形成网络。雷达科学与技术.2005
[4]李明星,屠振,张广求.一种短波宽带定向耦合器的设计.制导与引信.2004年6月第25卷第2期:33-36
[5]Mizzoni,Ravanelli,Piovano,Alessandri,Badessi.A Ku-band variable power divider for reconfigurable satelliteantennas.Antennas and Propagation,1993.Eighth International Conference
[6]Lennart Nystrom.A New Microwave Variable Power Divider.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,vol.MTT-27,no.1,January 1979
[7]J.J.Pan.Active Microwave Power Divider Combiner Using A dual-gate MESFET.Internal R&D Report,HarrisCorporation,July 1978.
[8]S.J.Rim and N.H.Myung.A New Active Phase Shifter Using a VectorSum Method.IEEE Microsoft And Guided Wave Letters,VOL.10,NO.6,June 2000
[9]Seongmin Oh,Jae-Jin Koo,Mun-Su Hwang,Chunseon Park,Yong-Chae Jeong.An Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider with Variable Dividing Ratio.Microwave Symposium,2007.IEEE/MTT-S International,2007
[10]Kich,JM Barker.Reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner.US Patent 6,181,221,2001
[11]彭卫红.可变功分器研究.空间电子技术.1998年第2期.
[12]E.C.Niehenke,V.V.Dimarco,and A.Friedberg,Linear Analog Hyperabrupt Varactor Diode Phase Shifters,1985IEEE MTT-SDigest,pp.657-660.
[13]D.E.Dawson,A.L.Conti,S.H.Lee,G.F.ShadeAn Analog X-Band Phase Shifter,IEEE 1984 Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium,Digest of Papers,pp.6-10.
[14]清华大学《微带电路》编写组.微带电路.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1976
[15]Robert V.Garver,360° Varactor Linear Phase Modulator,IEEE Trans MTT,1969,MTT-17(3):13714
[16]J.F.White,Diode phase shifters for array antennas,IEEE Trans,Microwave Theory Tech.vol.22,pp.658-674,June1974.
[17]R.W Burns and L.Stark,PIN-diodes advance high power phase shifting,Microwaves,pp.38-48,Nov.1965
[18]阮一凡,白晓东,周洪直.反射式可调移相器.2005年4月第21卷增刊
[19]李嗣范.微波元件原理与设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1982
[20]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学,1994.
[21]Dongsu Kim,Yoonsu Choi,Minsik Ahn,Mark G.Allen,J.Stevenson Kenney.2.4GHz Continuously Variable Ferroetectric Phase Shifters Using All-pass Networks.IEEE Microwave And Wireless Components Letter,VOL.13,NO.10,October 2003
[22]David Viveiros,Denise Consonni,Adam K.Jastrzebski.A Tunable All-Pass MMIC Active Phase Shifter.IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,VOL.50,NO.8,August 2002
[23]王蕴仪、沈楚玉、苗敬峰、陈顺生.微波器件与电路.江苏科学技术出版社.1981年3月
[24]冷家波.X波段360°模拟移相器的设计.固体电子学研究与发展.1993年5月第13卷第2期
[25]戴永胜,陈堂胜,俞土法,陈新宇,郝西平,陈效建,林金庭.几种超小型GaAs 微波/毫米波集成电路移相器.电子元器件应用.2002年9月第4卷第9期
[26]卜斌龙,王五兔,李容军.可变波束形成网络的电气设计.空间电子技术.1999年第3期
[27]李宗谦,佘京,高葆新.微波工程基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[28]S.J.Kim and N.H.Myung.A New Active Phase Shifter Using a Vector Sum Method.IEEE Microwave And Guided Wave Letters,Vol.10,NO.6,June 2000
[2]顾继慧.微波技术.第1版.南京:南京理工大学,1999
[3]李刚,秦浩.基于单脉冲体制的波束形成网络。雷达科学与技术.2005
[4]李明星,屠振,张广求.一种短波宽带定向耦合器的设计.制导与引信.2004年6月第25卷第2期:33-36
[5]Mizzoni,Ravanelli,Piovano,Alessandri,Badessi.A Ku-band variable power divider for reconfigurable satelliteantennas.Antennas and Propagation,1993.Eighth International Conference
[6]Lennart Nystrom.A New Microwave Variable Power Divider.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,vol.MTT-27,no.1,January 1979
[7]J.J.Pan.Active Microwave Power Divider Combiner Using A dual-gate MESFET.Internal R&D Report,HarrisCorporation,July 1978.
[8]S.J.Rim and N.H.Myung.A New Active Phase Shifter Using a VectorSum Method.IEEE Microsoft And Guided Wave Letters,VOL.10,NO.6,June 2000
[9]Seongmin Oh,Jae-Jin Koo,Mun-Su Hwang,Chunseon Park,Yong-Chae Jeong.An Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider with Variable Dividing Ratio.Microwave Symposium,2007.IEEE/MTT-S International,2007
[10]Kich,JM Barker.Reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner.US Patent 6,181,221,2001
[11]彭卫红.可变功分器研究.空间电子技术.1998年第2期.
[12]E.C.Niehenke,V.V.Dimarco,and A.Friedberg,Linear Analog Hyperabrupt Varactor Diode Phase Shifters,1985IEEE MTT-SDigest,pp.657-660.
[13]D.E.Dawson,A.L.Conti,S.H.Lee,G.F.ShadeAn Analog X-Band Phase Shifter,IEEE 1984 Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium,Digest of Papers,pp.6-10.
[14]清华大学《微带电路》编写组.微带电路.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1976
[15]Robert V.Garver,360° Varactor Linear Phase Modulator,IEEE Trans MTT,1969,MTT-17(3):13714
[16]J.F.White,Diode phase shifters for array antennas,IEEE Trans,Microwave Theory Tech.vol.22,pp.658-674,June1974.
[17]R.W Burns and L.Stark,PIN-diodes advance high power phase shifting,Microwaves,pp.38-48,Nov.1965
[18]阮一凡,白晓东,周洪直.反射式可调移相器.2005年4月第21卷增刊
[19]李嗣范.微波元件原理与设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1982
[20]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电子科技大学,1994.
[21]Dongsu Kim,Yoonsu Choi,Minsik Ahn,Mark G.Allen,J.Stevenson Kenney.2.4GHz Continuously Variable Ferroetectric Phase Shifters Using All-pass Networks.IEEE Microwave And Wireless Components Letter,VOL.13,NO.10,October 2003
[22]David Viveiros,Denise Consonni,Adam K.Jastrzebski.A Tunable All-Pass MMIC Active Phase Shifter.IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,VOL.50,NO.8,August 2002
[23]王蕴仪、沈楚玉、苗敬峰、陈顺生.微波器件与电路.江苏科学技术出版社.1981年3月
[24]冷家波.X波段360°模拟移相器的设计.固体电子学研究与发展.1993年5月第13卷第2期
[25]戴永胜,陈堂胜,俞土法,陈新宇,郝西平,陈效建,林金庭.几种超小型GaAs 微波/毫米波集成电路移相器.电子元器件应用.2002年9月第4卷第9期
[26]卜斌龙,王五兔,李容军.可变波束形成网络的电气设计.空间电子技术.1999年第3期
[27]李宗谦,佘京,高葆新.微波工程基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[28]S.J.Kim and N.H.Myung.A New Active Phase Shifter Using a Vector Sum Method.IEEE Microwave And Guided Wave Letters,Vol.10,NO.6,June 2000