基于碳化硅器件的智能功率变换系统的研究
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摘要
本课题研究了当前所采用的大容量功率转换系统的主电路拓扑结构和碳化硅功率开关器件在变换技术方面的应用；针对目前大容量功率转换系统存在的一系列问题,提出了以采用新一代碳化硅功率器件的高频隔离式的双向DC/DC变换单元作为直流电池单元和DC/AC变换单元的核心接口电路,以链式多电平变换器作为交流侧电网接入电路,并通过DC/DC变换单元形成公共直流母线的基于碳化硅功率器件的智能功率转换系统。设计了智能功率转换系统的主电路拓扑结构的两大构成单元和相应的基本控制策略；通过PSCAD电磁暂态仿真验证了系统主电路拓扑结构和控制系统设计的有效性,并对基于不同功率器件的DC/DC组成单元在损耗和效率特性等方面进行了一定的对比；最后在基于SiC/Si功率器件的高频隔离式的双向DC/DC变换器的物理实验装置上,证明了采用SiC功率器件的高频隔离式的双向DC/DC变换器较传统Si功率器件的变换器在传输功率的效率上得到了大幅提高,并在体积、成本和噪声污染等方面有所改善。提高了系统功率的传输效率,有利于系统装置的模块化设计。
This topic researched the main circuit topology of the large capacity power conversion systems and silicon carbide power switching devices used in transform technology. According to series of questions existing in the large-capacity power conversion system, putted forward a high-frequency isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter unit which based on new generation of SiC power devices, that as core interface circuit of the direct current battery unit and the DC/AC conversion unit, a chain multi-level converter AC side of the grid access circuit and through the DC/DC conversion unit to form a public direct current bus intelligent power conversion system based on silicon carbide power devices. The paper designed the main circuit topology of the two component unit of smart power conversion system and the corresponding control strategy. Through PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulation to verify the effectiveness of the system, the main circuit topology and control system design, and based on the different power devices a DC/DC component units of the loss and efficiency characteristics of contrast; Finally, in the high-frequency isolated power devices based on SiC/Si bi-directional DC/DC converter physics experiment device, in which proved that the use of SiC power device bidirectional high-frequency isolated DC/DC converter in the transmission power efficiency than conventional Si power devices converter has been a substantial increase and improvement in terms of volume, cost and noise pollution. Improved the power transmission efficiency of the system and conducive to modular design of the system devices.
This topic researched the main circuit topology of the large capacity power conversion systems and silicon carbide power switching devices used in transform technology. According to series of questions existing in the large-capacity power conversion system, putted forward a high-frequency isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter unit which based on new generation of SiC power devices, that as core interface circuit of the direct current battery unit and the DC/AC conversion unit, a chain multi-level converter AC side of the grid access circuit and through the DC/DC conversion unit to form a public direct current bus intelligent power conversion system based on silicon carbide power devices. The paper designed the main circuit topology of the two component unit of smart power conversion system and the corresponding control strategy. Through PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulation to verify the effectiveness of the system, the main circuit topology and control system design, and based on the different power devices a DC/DC component units of the loss and efficiency characteristics of contrast; Finally, in the high-frequency isolated power devices based on SiC/Si bi-directional DC/DC converter physics experiment device, in which proved that the use of SiC power device bidirectional high-frequency isolated DC/DC converter in the transmission power efficiency than conventional Si power devices converter has been a substantial increase and improvement in terms of volume, cost and noise pollution. Improved the power transmission efficiency of the system and conducive to modular design of the system devices.
引文
[1]董晓文,何维国,蒋心泽,王佳斌,钱晨巍.电力电池储能系统应用与展望[J].供用电,2011,28(1)：5-14.
[2]陈建斌,胡玉峰,吴小辰.储能技术在南方电网的应用前景分析[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(6)：32-36.
[3]陆志刚,李勇琦,董旭柱,吴俊阳.电池储能系统及相关的电力电子技术问题[J].南方电网技术,2011,5(1)：49-50.
[4]金一丁,宋强,刘文华.大容量城网电池储能系统关键技术研究[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(7)：75-79.
[5]华光辉,赫卫国,赵大伟.储能技术在坚强智能电网建设中的作用[J].供用电,2010,27(4)：23-25.
[6]史正军,李勇琦.MW级电池储能站在电网中的应用[J].应用科技,2012,10(19)：252-254.
[7]金一丁,宋强,陈晋辉,张宇,何维国,孙柯,刘文华.大容量电池储能电网接入系统[J].中国电力,2010,43(2)：16-20.
[8]方彤,王乾坤,周原冰.电池储能技术在电力系统中的应用评价及发展建议[J].能源技术经济,2011,23(11)：32-35.
[9]王振文,刘文华.钠硫电池储能系统在电力系统中的应用[J].能源及环境,2006,1(13)：41-46.
[10]李战鹰,胡玉峰,吴俊阳.大容量电池储能系统PCS拓扑结构研究[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(5)：39-42.
[11]刘刚,梁燕,胡四全,姚为正.电池储能系统双向PCS的研制[J].电力电子技术,2010,44(10)：12-14.
[12]童亦斌,吴峂,金新民,陈瑶.双向DC/DC变换器的拓扑研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13)：81-86.
[13]许海平.大功率双向DC_DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[学位论文].北京：中国科学院电工研究所,2005.
[14]孙华忠.一种双向隔离DC/DC变换器的建模与控制方法研究[J].电源世界,2010,12(3)：21-23.
[15]彭方正,钱照明,罗吉盖斯,赖泽生.现代多电平逆变器拓扑[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2006,5(6)：6-11.
[16]孙伟欣,宋强,金一丁.应用于链式PCS系统的双主动全桥移相控制研究[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(10)：24-26.
[17]赵慧杰.一种新型单电源级联多电平变流器的控制策略研究[学位论文].浙江：浙江大学,2007.
[18]周轩.基于PWM变流技术的链式STATCOM直流电容电压平衡控制[学位论文].江苏：东南大学,2009.
[19]J.W. Palmour, J.Q. Zhang, M.K. Das, R. Callanan, A. K. Agarwal, D. E. Grider. SiC Power Devices for Smart Grid Systems[C].IEEE, The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference, June 2010:1006-1013.
[20]Singh, R, Jih-Sheg Lai, Berning, D.W. Bouche, S. Chapuy, C. SiC power diodes provide breakthrough performance for a wide range of applications[J]. IEEE, Power Electronics, Mar 2001:273-280.
[21]Biela, J. Schweizer, M. Waffler, S. Kolar, J.W. SiC versus Si-Evaluation of Potentials for Performance Improvement of Inverter and DC-DC Converter Systems by SiC Power Semiconductors[J]. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, July 2011:2872-2882.
[22]潘三博,郝夏斐.采用碳化硅器件的高效率光伏逆变器研究[J].制造业自动化,2011,4：131-133.
[23]张玉明,汤晓燕,张义门.SiC功率器件的研究和展望[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(12)：60-62.
[24]王彩琳,高勇.新型电力电子器件及其进展[J].集成电路,2003,11：41-47.
[25]陈治明.碳化硅电力电子器件研发新进展[C].中国电工技术学会电力电子学会第九届学术年会,2004,9：1-4.
[26]向晋星,张涛,关健铭.SiC肖特基势垒二极管在PFC电路中的应用[J].通讯电源技术,2006,23(2)：48-50.
[27]李志江,王峰,方资端.采用Coo1MOS和SiC二极管的高频BoostPFC变换器[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(6)：25-29.
[28]Mazumder, S.K, Jedraszczak.P, Evaluation of a SiC DC-DC converter for plug-in hybrid-electric-vehicle at high inlet-coolant temperature [J].IEEE, Power Electronics, 2010, 4(6):708-714.
[29]Biela J, Aggeler D, Bortis D, Kolar J W. 5kV/200ns pulsed power switch based on a SiC-JFET super casode[C].IEEE, 2008:358-361.
[30]Lai R,Wang F,Burgos R,etal.A shoot-through protection scheme for converters built with SiC-JFETs[J].IEEE, Transactions on Industry Applications,2010,46(6):2495-2550.
[31]D. Aggeler, J. Biela, J. W. Kolar. A compact, high voltage 25 kW, 50 kHz DC-DC converter based on SiC-JFETs[C]. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Feb. 2008:801-807.
[32]张永鑫,田书欣,杨喜军,姜建国.智能电网技术15kV SiC IGBT的发展及其对电力应用的影响[J].变频器世界,2010,4：24-25.
[33]许平,刘鹿生.1200V/550A碳化硅DMOSFET对偶模块的特性[J].电力电子,2012,5：51-55.
[34]Simanjorang, R. Yamaguchi, H. Ohashi, H. Takeda, T. Yamazaki, M. Murai, H. A high output power density 400/400V isolated DC/DC converter with hybrid pair of SJ-MOSFET and SiC-SBD for power supply of data center[C]. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Feb. 2010:648-653.
[35]赵彪,于庆广,王立雯.Z源双向DC-DC变换器及其移相直通控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(9)：43-49.
[36]赵彪,于庆广,王立雯,肖宜.具有馈电功能的新型并网UPS系统及其分散逻辑控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31)：85-93.
[37]王立杰STATCOM控制方法及PWM策略的研究[学位论文].江苏：江苏大学,2007.
[38]姜旭,肖湘宁,尹忠东,马玉龙.基于载波移相SP WM级联式变换器输出谐波分析[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5)：57-59.
[39]袁志昌,宋强,刘文华.载波移相SPWM开关频率的选取[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(8)：37-40.
[40]王章权,张超,何湘宁.瞬时电流控制策略在光伏并网发电系统中的应用[J].电气应用,2007,26(4)：60-58.
[41]陈东华,谢少军,周波.瞬时值电流控制逆变技术比较[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(3)：343-347.
[42]何俊,彭力,康勇.PWM逆变器PI双环模拟控制技术研究[J].通讯电源技术,2007,24(2)：1-3.
[43]王章权.瞬时电流跟踪控制光伏并网技术[J].电源技术,2007,08：648-650.
[2]陈建斌,胡玉峰,吴小辰.储能技术在南方电网的应用前景分析[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(6)：32-36.
[3]陆志刚,李勇琦,董旭柱,吴俊阳.电池储能系统及相关的电力电子技术问题[J].南方电网技术,2011,5(1)：49-50.
[4]金一丁,宋强,刘文华.大容量城网电池储能系统关键技术研究[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(7)：75-79.
[5]华光辉,赫卫国,赵大伟.储能技术在坚强智能电网建设中的作用[J].供用电,2010,27(4)：23-25.
[6]史正军,李勇琦.MW级电池储能站在电网中的应用[J].应用科技,2012,10(19)：252-254.
[7]金一丁,宋强,陈晋辉,张宇,何维国,孙柯,刘文华.大容量电池储能电网接入系统[J].中国电力,2010,43(2)：16-20.
[8]方彤,王乾坤,周原冰.电池储能技术在电力系统中的应用评价及发展建议[J].能源技术经济,2011,23(11)：32-35.
[9]王振文,刘文华.钠硫电池储能系统在电力系统中的应用[J].能源及环境,2006,1(13)：41-46.
[10]李战鹰,胡玉峰,吴俊阳.大容量电池储能系统PCS拓扑结构研究[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(5)：39-42.
[11]刘刚,梁燕,胡四全,姚为正.电池储能系统双向PCS的研制[J].电力电子技术,2010,44(10)：12-14.
[12]童亦斌,吴峂,金新民,陈瑶.双向DC/DC变换器的拓扑研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13)：81-86.
[13]许海平.大功率双向DC_DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[学位论文].北京：中国科学院电工研究所,2005.
[14]孙华忠.一种双向隔离DC/DC变换器的建模与控制方法研究[J].电源世界,2010,12(3)：21-23.
[15]彭方正,钱照明,罗吉盖斯,赖泽生.现代多电平逆变器拓扑[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2006,5(6)：6-11.
[16]孙伟欣,宋强,金一丁.应用于链式PCS系统的双主动全桥移相控制研究[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(10)：24-26.
[17]赵慧杰.一种新型单电源级联多电平变流器的控制策略研究[学位论文].浙江：浙江大学,2007.
[18]周轩.基于PWM变流技术的链式STATCOM直流电容电压平衡控制[学位论文].江苏：东南大学,2009.
[19]J.W. Palmour, J.Q. Zhang, M.K. Das, R. Callanan, A. K. Agarwal, D. E. Grider. SiC Power Devices for Smart Grid Systems[C].IEEE, The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference, June 2010:1006-1013.
[20]Singh, R, Jih-Sheg Lai, Berning, D.W. Bouche, S. Chapuy, C. SiC power diodes provide breakthrough performance for a wide range of applications[J]. IEEE, Power Electronics, Mar 2001:273-280.
[21]Biela, J. Schweizer, M. Waffler, S. Kolar, J.W. SiC versus Si-Evaluation of Potentials for Performance Improvement of Inverter and DC-DC Converter Systems by SiC Power Semiconductors[J]. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, July 2011:2872-2882.
[22]潘三博,郝夏斐.采用碳化硅器件的高效率光伏逆变器研究[J].制造业自动化,2011,4：131-133.
[23]张玉明,汤晓燕,张义门.SiC功率器件的研究和展望[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(12)：60-62.
[24]王彩琳,高勇.新型电力电子器件及其进展[J].集成电路,2003,11：41-47.
[25]陈治明.碳化硅电力电子器件研发新进展[C].中国电工技术学会电力电子学会第九届学术年会,2004,9：1-4.
[26]向晋星,张涛,关健铭.SiC肖特基势垒二极管在PFC电路中的应用[J].通讯电源技术,2006,23(2)：48-50.
[27]李志江,王峰,方资端.采用Coo1MOS和SiC二极管的高频BoostPFC变换器[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(6)：25-29.
[28]Mazumder, S.K, Jedraszczak.P, Evaluation of a SiC DC-DC converter for plug-in hybrid-electric-vehicle at high inlet-coolant temperature [J].IEEE, Power Electronics, 2010, 4(6):708-714.
[29]Biela J, Aggeler D, Bortis D, Kolar J W. 5kV/200ns pulsed power switch based on a SiC-JFET super casode[C].IEEE, 2008:358-361.
[30]Lai R,Wang F,Burgos R,etal.A shoot-through protection scheme for converters built with SiC-JFETs[J].IEEE, Transactions on Industry Applications,2010,46(6):2495-2550.
[31]D. Aggeler, J. Biela, J. W. Kolar. A compact, high voltage 25 kW, 50 kHz DC-DC converter based on SiC-JFETs[C]. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Feb. 2008:801-807.
[32]张永鑫,田书欣,杨喜军,姜建国.智能电网技术15kV SiC IGBT的发展及其对电力应用的影响[J].变频器世界,2010,4：24-25.
[33]许平,刘鹿生.1200V/550A碳化硅DMOSFET对偶模块的特性[J].电力电子,2012,5：51-55.
[34]Simanjorang, R. Yamaguchi, H. Ohashi, H. Takeda, T. Yamazaki, M. Murai, H. A high output power density 400/400V isolated DC/DC converter with hybrid pair of SJ-MOSFET and SiC-SBD for power supply of data center[C]. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Feb. 2010:648-653.
[35]赵彪,于庆广,王立雯.Z源双向DC-DC变换器及其移相直通控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(9)：43-49.
[36]赵彪,于庆广,王立雯,肖宜.具有馈电功能的新型并网UPS系统及其分散逻辑控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31)：85-93.
[37]王立杰STATCOM控制方法及PWM策略的研究[学位论文].江苏：江苏大学,2007.
[38]姜旭,肖湘宁,尹忠东,马玉龙.基于载波移相SP WM级联式变换器输出谐波分析[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(5)：57-59.
[39]袁志昌,宋强,刘文华.载波移相SPWM开关频率的选取[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(8)：37-40.
[40]王章权,张超,何湘宁.瞬时电流控制策略在光伏并网发电系统中的应用[J].电气应用,2007,26(4)：60-58.
[41]陈东华,谢少军,周波.瞬时值电流控制逆变技术比较[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(3)：343-347.
[42]何俊,彭力,康勇.PWM逆变器PI双环模拟控制技术研究[J].通讯电源技术,2007,24(2)：1-3.
[43]王章权.瞬时电流跟踪控制光伏并网技术[J].电源技术,2007,08：648-650.