空间矢量调制直接转矩控制系统研究
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摘要
多电平逆变控制技术及其在交流调速系统中应用的相关问题是各国科学工作者关注的一个焦点,本文对多电平逆变器的拓扑结构和空间矢量调制技术的研究意义、研究内容及现状进行了分析,确定以二极管钳位型逆变电路为研究载体,着重探讨了三电平电压空间矢量调制方法及其在异步电动机直接转矩控制系统中的应用问题。
首先分析了一般条件下电压空间矢量和开关状态的关系,建立了二极管钳位型三电平逆变器数学模型,深入分析了中点电压波动的机理及其控制方法,提出了基于电压合成矢量并综合转速、转矩和磁链的特性进行直接转矩控制的电压矢量选择的优化方案;进行的仿真研究表明,这种改进在三电平的空间矢量调制直接转矩控制系统中,对于提升系统的性能发挥了一定的作用,起到了预期的效果。
通过对转矩脉动进行分析,发现在低速条件下设定固定的转矩滞环宽度是造成系统转矩脉动的原因之一,针对这一分析结果提出以速度误差信号和电流信号的变化率做为模糊逻辑控制器输入,以转矩滞环幅值增量为输出,动态地调节转矩滞环宽度,提高系统低速转矩稳定性的方法。对磁链的波动进行分析,发现定子电阻的压降引起退磁效应,使磁链在低速条件下性能不稳定,确定建立以工作电流、转速和定子绕组温度为输入的五层的模糊神经网络对定子电阻进行检测,通过仿真证明在三电平空间矢量直接转矩控制方法中提升低速性能的有效性。
基于对三电平拓扑结构和空间矢量调制技术特点分析,提出了异步电动机的二极管钳位型三电平电压空间矢量调制直接转矩控制全数字化控制系统硬件设计方案和软件设计流程,在该平台上运行了相关的改进算法,证明其有效性。
The issues of multi-level inverter control and application in AC drive system have been concerned by scientists around the world. In this paper, the analysis of the content and progress of research on multi-level inverter topology and space vector modulation technology has been executed. The solution of diode clamped inverter as the research carrier has been proposed. The way of three-level voltage space vector modulation and application in induction motor direct torque control system has been researched.
Based on the analysis of the relationship between the voltage space vector and switching state in general condition. The mathematical model of the diode clamped three-level inverter has been established. After in-depth study on the fluctuation in the midpoint voltage of the inverter, the selection optimization program of voltage vector has been proposed in direct torque control system. It is the characteristic of the algorithm that the voltage vector synthesis, speed, torque and flux can be be taken into account. The reslult of simulation shows that it can play an important role in enhancing the performance of the system and achieve the desired effect.
The result of the study suggests that one reason of causing torque ripple in low speed is that the fixed width of the torque hysteresis has been setted. To solve this problem, a fuzzy logic controller has been proposed which can dynamically adjust the width of torque hysteresis and improve stability of the system in the low speed. The inputs of the fuzzy logic controller are the signal of speed error and the rate of current change. The output is the amplitude increment of torque hysteresis. The demagnetization effects has been caused by stator resistance voltage drop, and it makes flux instability in the low speed. The five-layer fuzzy neural network has been created to identify the stator resistance. The operating current, speed and temperature of the stator winding are used as inputs of the fuzzy neural network. This method has been proven to be effective by the simulation in the three-level space vector modulation direct torque control system.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of three-level topology and space vector modulation, the solution of hardware design and the process of software design has been proposed for diode clamped three-level voltage space vector modulation in asynchronous motor direct torque digital control system. The improved algorithm has been executed on the experimental platform and the effectiveness has been proven.
首先分析了一般条件下电压空间矢量和开关状态的关系,建立了二极管钳位型三电平逆变器数学模型,深入分析了中点电压波动的机理及其控制方法,提出了基于电压合成矢量并综合转速、转矩和磁链的特性进行直接转矩控制的电压矢量选择的优化方案;进行的仿真研究表明,这种改进在三电平的空间矢量调制直接转矩控制系统中,对于提升系统的性能发挥了一定的作用,起到了预期的效果。
通过对转矩脉动进行分析,发现在低速条件下设定固定的转矩滞环宽度是造成系统转矩脉动的原因之一,针对这一分析结果提出以速度误差信号和电流信号的变化率做为模糊逻辑控制器输入,以转矩滞环幅值增量为输出,动态地调节转矩滞环宽度,提高系统低速转矩稳定性的方法。对磁链的波动进行分析,发现定子电阻的压降引起退磁效应,使磁链在低速条件下性能不稳定,确定建立以工作电流、转速和定子绕组温度为输入的五层的模糊神经网络对定子电阻进行检测,通过仿真证明在三电平空间矢量直接转矩控制方法中提升低速性能的有效性。
基于对三电平拓扑结构和空间矢量调制技术特点分析,提出了异步电动机的二极管钳位型三电平电压空间矢量调制直接转矩控制全数字化控制系统硬件设计方案和软件设计流程,在该平台上运行了相关的改进算法,证明其有效性。
The issues of multi-level inverter control and application in AC drive system have been concerned by scientists around the world. In this paper, the analysis of the content and progress of research on multi-level inverter topology and space vector modulation technology has been executed. The solution of diode clamped inverter as the research carrier has been proposed. The way of three-level voltage space vector modulation and application in induction motor direct torque control system has been researched.
Based on the analysis of the relationship between the voltage space vector and switching state in general condition. The mathematical model of the diode clamped three-level inverter has been established. After in-depth study on the fluctuation in the midpoint voltage of the inverter, the selection optimization program of voltage vector has been proposed in direct torque control system. It is the characteristic of the algorithm that the voltage vector synthesis, speed, torque and flux can be be taken into account. The reslult of simulation shows that it can play an important role in enhancing the performance of the system and achieve the desired effect.
The result of the study suggests that one reason of causing torque ripple in low speed is that the fixed width of the torque hysteresis has been setted. To solve this problem, a fuzzy logic controller has been proposed which can dynamically adjust the width of torque hysteresis and improve stability of the system in the low speed. The inputs of the fuzzy logic controller are the signal of speed error and the rate of current change. The output is the amplitude increment of torque hysteresis. The demagnetization effects has been caused by stator resistance voltage drop, and it makes flux instability in the low speed. The five-layer fuzzy neural network has been created to identify the stator resistance. The operating current, speed and temperature of the stator winding are used as inputs of the fuzzy neural network. This method has been proven to be effective by the simulation in the three-level space vector modulation direct torque control system.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of three-level topology and space vector modulation, the solution of hardware design and the process of software design has been proposed for diode clamped three-level voltage space vector modulation in asynchronous motor direct torque digital control system. The improved algorithm has been executed on the experimental platform and the effectiveness has been proven.
引文
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