光伏并网发电的功率补偿控制研究
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摘要
随着全球范围内化石能源消耗量的急剧增加,世界性的能源危机已经来临。化石能源的大规模开发和利用,也给人类赖以生存的自然环境造成了严重破坏。能源已经成为人类社会进步、经济发展与地球生态环境保护的瓶颈问题。可再生能源的开发和利用引起了全世界的广泛关注,其中太阳能具有取之不尽、用之不竭、分布广泛、清洁无污染等一系列优势,是解决世界能源危机和环境污染最可靠和行之有效的绿色能源,而光伏并网发电是利用太阳能最有效的方式。
本文采用一种改进结构的光伏并网发电系统,实现了光伏并网逆变器的复用功能,使得供电质量改善、系统运行效率提高、系统损耗降低、设备投资变低；本文针对光伏发电有功和无功的动态补偿控制的关键问题进行了相关研究,提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的最大功率跟踪(MPPT)控制、基于超级电容和蓄电池的复合储能系统的有功补偿控制、基于空间电压矢量脉冲调制(SVPWM)的并网发电与无功补偿的一体化控制策略,并开展了相关的仿真及实验研究。具体研究内容与成果概略如下：
(1)在分析各类光伏并网发电系统结构的基础上,研究了其运行特性,研究提出一种两级可调度光伏并网发电系统结构,研究了其主要部件的运行机理与数学模型；
(2)研究光伏组件的一种简化数学模型、光伏组件在不同太阳光辐射度及工作温度下电流—电压和功率—电压特性；
(3)研究了基于最小二乘支持向量机的最大功率跟踪控制策略与方法。为克服传统MPPT算法无法协调解决稳定性和误跟踪的缺点,在分析最大功率跟踪控制机理的基础上,提出了基于LS-SVM的最大功率跟踪控制策略；构建了基于恒电压控制法、干扰观测法与LS-SVM的最大功率跟踪控制系统,并开展了相关的仿真对比研究；
(4)为了提升储能系统的性能,研究超级电容和蓄电池的混合储能系统结构特性,提出基于超级电容与蓄电池的主动式混合能系统有功功率补偿控制策略,并构建了相关的控制系统,并进行了仿真实验；
(5)提出了基于SVPWM的光伏并网与无功补偿一体化控制策略。为拓展光伏并网逆变器的功能,在分析并网逆变器主电路与静止同步无功补偿装置主电路结构特性的基础上,提出基于SVPWM技术的光伏并网与无功补偿一体化控制策略。研究了高速、快速的电流的检测方法；分析了双向PWM逆变器的四象限运行特性,研究了SVPWM波形产生过程,开关管导通时间的计算及分配方法。构建了基于SVPWM的光伏并网发电与无功补偿一体化控制系统,并开展了仿真验证；
(6)构建了光伏功率控制系统的模拟实验平台,构建了基于DSP与CPLD复合结构的光伏并网发电数字控制系统,研制了系统硬、软件,进行了相关实验研究,验证了结构设计与控制策略的正确性。最后,对全文进行总结,提出有待加强研究的方面。
With the rapid increase of global fossil energy consumption, the world-wide energy crisis has already arrived. The large-scale exploitation and utilization of fossil energy also wreak havoc on the natural environment that we are living in. The energy has becoming the bottleneck problem of social progress, economic development and ecological conservation. Under this circumstance, the development and utilization of renewable energy have caught the worldwide attention. With some merits such as inexhaustible supply, wide distribution, non-pollution, the photovoltaic (PV) has becoming an important green energy to resolve the problems of energy crisis and environment pollution. When PV is utilized, the grid-connected PV system is the most efficient way to utilize solar power.
A novel grid-connected PV system is constructed in this thesis, which can realize the function multiplexing, improve the power quality, reduce the system loss, and save the equipment investment. The emphasis of his thesis is focused on some key theoretical and technical problems in the active and reactive power compensation control of the designed grid-connected PV system, such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), active power stabilization based on the hybrid energy storage system consisted of super-capacitor and battery, the integrated control of power generation and reactive power compensation based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Based on the presented theory and technology, the simulation and experiment are carried out, whose results show the efficiency of the designed topology and control strategy. The detailed contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) A novel two-stage schedulable grid-connected PV system is presented and designed based on the analysis of grid-connected PV topology and operation-feature comparison of different systems. The operation principle and mathematical model of main components are also studied.
(2) A simplified mathematical model of PV component is presented. The current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of PV component under different solar radiations and working temperatures are also studied.
(3) A MPPT strategy and method is presented based on LSSVM. To overcome the incapability of coordinating stability, mis-tracking, multiple peak values, a novel LSSVM-based MPPT control strategy is presented. The simulation comparison among constant-voltage control, perturb&observe method, and LSSVM method is carried out, whose results shows the superiority of LSSVM tracking strategy.
(4) A novel active power stabilization strategy based on hybrid energy storage system consisted of super-capacitor and battery is presented. To fully take the advantages of super-capacitor and battery and improve the power output capability, this stabilization strategy is presented and the corresponding stabilization system is constructed based on the analysis of model and performance characteristics. The simulation and experiments are also made, whose results show the superiority of the presented method.
(5) An integrated control strategy is presented based on SVPWM. To expand the functions of grid-connected invertor, an integrated control strategy of power generation and reactive power compensation is presented based on the analysis of main circuits of grid-connected invertor and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The four-quadrant running principle is analyzed and SVPWM generation procedure is studied. The calculation and allocation method of switch-on time of switch tubes are also researched. The integrated control system of power generation and reactive power compensation is constructed and the corresponding simulation is carried out.
(6) The simulating platform of grid-connected PV system is constructed and the grid-connected PV digital control system is designed based on DSP and CPLD. The concerned hardware and software are designed. The experiment is also carried out and the results show the correctness of the design and control strategy. The conclusion and perspective are given at the end of the dissertation.
本文采用一种改进结构的光伏并网发电系统,实现了光伏并网逆变器的复用功能,使得供电质量改善、系统运行效率提高、系统损耗降低、设备投资变低；本文针对光伏发电有功和无功的动态补偿控制的关键问题进行了相关研究,提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的最大功率跟踪(MPPT)控制、基于超级电容和蓄电池的复合储能系统的有功补偿控制、基于空间电压矢量脉冲调制(SVPWM)的并网发电与无功补偿的一体化控制策略,并开展了相关的仿真及实验研究。具体研究内容与成果概略如下：
(1)在分析各类光伏并网发电系统结构的基础上,研究了其运行特性,研究提出一种两级可调度光伏并网发电系统结构,研究了其主要部件的运行机理与数学模型；
(2)研究光伏组件的一种简化数学模型、光伏组件在不同太阳光辐射度及工作温度下电流—电压和功率—电压特性；
(3)研究了基于最小二乘支持向量机的最大功率跟踪控制策略与方法。为克服传统MPPT算法无法协调解决稳定性和误跟踪的缺点,在分析最大功率跟踪控制机理的基础上,提出了基于LS-SVM的最大功率跟踪控制策略；构建了基于恒电压控制法、干扰观测法与LS-SVM的最大功率跟踪控制系统,并开展了相关的仿真对比研究；
(4)为了提升储能系统的性能,研究超级电容和蓄电池的混合储能系统结构特性,提出基于超级电容与蓄电池的主动式混合能系统有功功率补偿控制策略,并构建了相关的控制系统,并进行了仿真实验；
(5)提出了基于SVPWM的光伏并网与无功补偿一体化控制策略。为拓展光伏并网逆变器的功能,在分析并网逆变器主电路与静止同步无功补偿装置主电路结构特性的基础上,提出基于SVPWM技术的光伏并网与无功补偿一体化控制策略。研究了高速、快速的电流的检测方法；分析了双向PWM逆变器的四象限运行特性,研究了SVPWM波形产生过程,开关管导通时间的计算及分配方法。构建了基于SVPWM的光伏并网发电与无功补偿一体化控制系统,并开展了仿真验证；
(6)构建了光伏功率控制系统的模拟实验平台,构建了基于DSP与CPLD复合结构的光伏并网发电数字控制系统,研制了系统硬、软件,进行了相关实验研究,验证了结构设计与控制策略的正确性。最后,对全文进行总结,提出有待加强研究的方面。
With the rapid increase of global fossil energy consumption, the world-wide energy crisis has already arrived. The large-scale exploitation and utilization of fossil energy also wreak havoc on the natural environment that we are living in. The energy has becoming the bottleneck problem of social progress, economic development and ecological conservation. Under this circumstance, the development and utilization of renewable energy have caught the worldwide attention. With some merits such as inexhaustible supply, wide distribution, non-pollution, the photovoltaic (PV) has becoming an important green energy to resolve the problems of energy crisis and environment pollution. When PV is utilized, the grid-connected PV system is the most efficient way to utilize solar power.
A novel grid-connected PV system is constructed in this thesis, which can realize the function multiplexing, improve the power quality, reduce the system loss, and save the equipment investment. The emphasis of his thesis is focused on some key theoretical and technical problems in the active and reactive power compensation control of the designed grid-connected PV system, such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), active power stabilization based on the hybrid energy storage system consisted of super-capacitor and battery, the integrated control of power generation and reactive power compensation based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Based on the presented theory and technology, the simulation and experiment are carried out, whose results show the efficiency of the designed topology and control strategy. The detailed contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) A novel two-stage schedulable grid-connected PV system is presented and designed based on the analysis of grid-connected PV topology and operation-feature comparison of different systems. The operation principle and mathematical model of main components are also studied.
(2) A simplified mathematical model of PV component is presented. The current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of PV component under different solar radiations and working temperatures are also studied.
(3) A MPPT strategy and method is presented based on LSSVM. To overcome the incapability of coordinating stability, mis-tracking, multiple peak values, a novel LSSVM-based MPPT control strategy is presented. The simulation comparison among constant-voltage control, perturb&observe method, and LSSVM method is carried out, whose results shows the superiority of LSSVM tracking strategy.
(4) A novel active power stabilization strategy based on hybrid energy storage system consisted of super-capacitor and battery is presented. To fully take the advantages of super-capacitor and battery and improve the power output capability, this stabilization strategy is presented and the corresponding stabilization system is constructed based on the analysis of model and performance characteristics. The simulation and experiments are also made, whose results show the superiority of the presented method.
(5) An integrated control strategy is presented based on SVPWM. To expand the functions of grid-connected invertor, an integrated control strategy of power generation and reactive power compensation is presented based on the analysis of main circuits of grid-connected invertor and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The four-quadrant running principle is analyzed and SVPWM generation procedure is studied. The calculation and allocation method of switch-on time of switch tubes are also researched. The integrated control system of power generation and reactive power compensation is constructed and the corresponding simulation is carried out.
(6) The simulating platform of grid-connected PV system is constructed and the grid-connected PV digital control system is designed based on DSP and CPLD. The concerned hardware and software are designed. The experiment is also carried out and the results show the correctness of the design and control strategy. The conclusion and perspective are given at the end of the dissertation.
引文
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