微粒捕集器喷油助燃再生过程热工参数建模及控制系统研究
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摘要
随着环境保护和大气治理工作的不断深入以及污染排放法规的严峻要求,柴油车尾气微粒排放控制已成为大气污染治理及其生产领域的重大课题,微粒捕集器(DPF)以其过滤效率高、可靠性好等优点成为当前汽车微粒排放控制技术的研究热点,已成为人们公认的能最有效解决柴油机微粒排放问题的手段之一,从其研究进程来看,再生技术问题一直是微粒捕集器技术的关键,且制约着微粒捕集器技术的发展。
目前,提出的微粒捕集器再生方式很多,并分别给予了大量的研究,国外在催化再生、红外再生及微波再生等方面研究较多,而国内由于受油品硫、砷、铅等成分含量高的限制,催化再生方面研究较少,一般是采用加热等方法定期或连续将捕集的微粒烧尽,以保证微粒捕集器良好的持续工作性能。在众多热再生方式中,喷油助燃再生技术不受我国油品质量含硫量高等特点的限制,核心装置燃烧器采用与柴油机相同的燃料,装车使用时不需对发动机原结构做很大的改动,另外,不受排气温度的限制,可在所有工况下进行再生,再生窗口宽等优点,为解决柴油机微粒排放开辟了一条新途径,因此,本文基于微粒捕集器全流式喷油助燃再生技术对其热工参数模型及控制方面开展研究。
目前,国内外对该技术的研究方兴未艾,主要集中在燃烧器的设计与优化及其燃烧工作特性与试验研究等方面,但对其再生过程热工参数控制模型等方面少有系统研究,为此,本文以国家自然科学基金项目“车用柴油机微粒捕集多孔介质的微波及铈-锰添加剂复合再生机理研究”(50876027)、国家“863”项目子项“新一代环保高效柴油机研发”(2008AA11A116)及湖南省自然科学基金重点项目“车用微粒捕集器复合再生过程气粒两相流动与燃烧数值模拟”(06JJ20018)等为课题来源,对喷油助燃再生技术开展了如下研究：
(1)以壁流式蜂窝陶瓷过滤体为研究对象,建立微粒捕集器喷油助燃再生数学模型,通过数值耦合求解,计算分析了喷油助燃再生过程中主要热工参数如油气配比、喷油压力、喷油率与补气量及其它参数如初始微粒沉积量、排气质量流量等对微粒捕集器再生过程的影响,这些影响规律的提出,对微粒捕集器再生过程相关参数建模、优化控制及控制系统研究等提供了理论指导。
(2)在上述模型基础上,简化其入口单孔道的再生数学模型,结合稳态Semenov理论和Adler、Enig's间歇式反应器原理,在考虑反应消耗的基础上,建立了过滤体再生的入口废气临界温度模型,并针对其影响因素进行了分析,对喷油助燃再生装置功率设计与调节等有较大的指导意义。
(3)考虑到柴油机非稳态工况过滤体背压变化的非线性,对微粒捕集器背压信号采集系统的动态响应影响因素进行了分析与讨论,基于壁流式蜂窝陶瓷过滤体排气背压数学模型,建立了微粒捕集器测压系统的理论动态响应数学模型,为提高背压测试精度及响应性能等提供了理论依据。
(4)提出了基于总油耗量法建立微粒捕集器排气背压阈值MAP并利用排气背压法思想来判断再生时机的方法。为获得再生背压阈值MAP,基于AVL BOOST建立装有喷油助燃再生装置微粒捕集器的发动机台架仿真模型,试验验证后利用该仿真平台将各工况模拟计算的排气背压、油耗等结果导入MATLAB中,利用其强大的数学运算功能与图形处理能力,基于多元线性回归理论,采用最小二乘法和线性插值技术来建立发动机各工况微粒捕集器的再生排气背压MAP图。
(5)针对以往喷油助燃再生系统燃烧器喷油量最优控制模型加以改进,结合再生入口临界温度条件,对边界条件中的终止温度予以了强化,使之更具合理性,并补充了对应的补气量最优控制模型,采用内点惩罚函数法与Logistic(逻辑斯蒂)混沌变量优化算法寻优,对改进后的模型与原模型对应的优化控制值进行了对比,为喷油助燃再生智能优化控制过程奠定了基础。
(6)提出了较系统的喷油助燃再生控制策略,并分析其特点,对其控制系统进行了硬件设计和程序调试。从随机选取的微粒捕集器再生试验来看,可保证DPF再生及时、准确、安全且高效可靠地进行
本文为喷油助燃再生微粒捕集器在结构设计、性能分析、再生过程控制等方面提供了理论依据和技术参考,为其实用化奠定了基础,其中一些研究方法和成果对其他类型微粒捕集器的研究也具有重要的参考价值。
With the deepening of environment protection and atmosphere management and the severe requirements of pollution regulations, particulate emission control has become a grave topic of atmosphere pollution management and diesel engine production. For its high filtration efficiency and good reliability, et al, diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been the research focus of the current vehicle particulate emission control technology. It has been recognized as one of the most effective means to solve the problem of particulate emission for diesel engine. From the view of research process, regeneration technology has been the key of particulate filter technology, which restricts the development of particulate filter technology.
Currently, many DPF regeneration ways have been proposed and been given a lot of research respectively. The research of catalytic regeneration, infrared and microwave regeneration, etc abroad is much more than in domestic because of being restricted by domestic oil due to high component of sulfur, arsenic and plumbum, etc. In domestic, the periodic or continuous pyrogenation method is usually used to clean the captured particulate in filter in order to ensure the well continuous working performance of DPF. In many pyrogenation regeneration methods, the burner-type system technology isn't restricted by fuel quality of the high content of sulfur and so on in our country. It is adopted the same fuel in core device-burner as diesel engine, and not made great changes for the original engine structure with the DPF in vehicle. In addition, it is not restricted by the exhaust temperature and can be carried out the regeneration under all working conditions with wide regeneration window, etc., it provides a new way to reduce the diesel particulate emission. The contents for thermal parameters models and control process have been studied based on a full flow burner-type DPF.
At present, the research on burner-type DPF is very popular whether in abroad or at home, it mainly focuses on design and optimization of the burner, and its combustion performance and experiment research, etc., but there are little systematic researches on the control model of thermal parameters in the regeneration process. Therefore, based on the projects, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Compound regeneration mechanism research of microwave and cerium-manganese additive on porous medium of diesel particulate filter (ID:50876027), the sub-item of National863project-R&D of a new generation environment-pretection and efficient engine"(ID:2008AA11A116) and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of "gas-particle two phase flow and combustion numerical simulation of vehicle diesel particulate filter in the compound regeneration process"(ID:06JJ20018), etc. The burner-type regeneration technology has been studied as follows:
(1) Taken the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic filter as the research object, the numerical regeneration model of the burner-type DPF is built. Through the numerical coupling solution, the DPF regeneration process, influenced by the main thermal parameters of burner-type regeneration such as ratio of fuel to gas, injection pressure, injection rate, air-supplied quantity and other parameters like initial particle deposition quantity, exhaust mass flow and so on, have been calculated and analyzed. The influence laws provide a theoretical guidance to modeling, optimal control and control system study in DPF regeneration.
(2) Based on above model, the regeneration numerical model of the inlet channel has been simplified. Combined with the steady-state Semenov theory and Adler/Enig's batch reactor theory, the inlet exhaust critical temperature model for filter regeneration has been built on the base of consumption reaction, and its influence factors have been analyzed. It is greatly significant to design and adjust the burner power.
(3) Considered the nonlinear changes of DPF back pressure under engine's non-steady state working conditions, the influenced factors of dynamic response of the DPF backpressure signal acquisition system have analyzed and discussed. Based on the numerical model of the exhaust back pressure of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic filter, the theoretic dynamic response numerical model of DPF pressure measurement system has been built, it provides theoretical basis for improving the measurement accuracy and response performance for the backpressure.
(4) The exhaust backpressure threshold MAP of DPF has been built based on the total fuel consumption and the regeneration time has been determined by the exhaust back pressure method. To obtain the regeneration backpressure threshold MAP, the engine simulation model equipped with the DPF of the burner-type system has been built in AVL BOOST software. After the experimental validation, the model can be used to simulate the exhaust backpressure, fuel consumption and other results. The results have been put into MATLAB, with its powerful function of mathematic calculation and capabilities of graph disposal, and then the regeneration exhaust backpressure MAP of DPF under all engine's working conditions has been built with the least square method and linear interpolation technology based on the theory of multiple linear regression.
(5) The burner injection optimal control model has been improved. Combined with the inlet channel regeneration critical temperature, the terminate temperature in the boundary condition has been strengthened reasonably. The corresponding optimal control model of air-supplied quantity has been added. With the inner point penalty function method and logistic chaos optimization algorithm, the corresponding optimal control values of the improved model have been compared with the original model. It makes the foundation for the intelligent optimal control process for burner-type DPF.
(6) A more systematic control strategy for a burner-type DPF has been proposed and analyzed its characteristics. And the hardware design and program debugging for the control system has been made. From the randomly selected DPF regeneration experiments, it shows that DPF can be regenerated timely, accurately, securely, efficiently and reliably.
The research provides the theoretical basis and technical reference for burner-type DPF in structural design, performance analysis and regeneration control etc. and lays the foundation for its practical. Some methods of the research and results have important reference value to other type DPF too.
目前,提出的微粒捕集器再生方式很多,并分别给予了大量的研究,国外在催化再生、红外再生及微波再生等方面研究较多,而国内由于受油品硫、砷、铅等成分含量高的限制,催化再生方面研究较少,一般是采用加热等方法定期或连续将捕集的微粒烧尽,以保证微粒捕集器良好的持续工作性能。在众多热再生方式中,喷油助燃再生技术不受我国油品质量含硫量高等特点的限制,核心装置燃烧器采用与柴油机相同的燃料,装车使用时不需对发动机原结构做很大的改动,另外,不受排气温度的限制,可在所有工况下进行再生,再生窗口宽等优点,为解决柴油机微粒排放开辟了一条新途径,因此,本文基于微粒捕集器全流式喷油助燃再生技术对其热工参数模型及控制方面开展研究。
目前,国内外对该技术的研究方兴未艾,主要集中在燃烧器的设计与优化及其燃烧工作特性与试验研究等方面,但对其再生过程热工参数控制模型等方面少有系统研究,为此,本文以国家自然科学基金项目“车用柴油机微粒捕集多孔介质的微波及铈-锰添加剂复合再生机理研究”(50876027)、国家“863”项目子项“新一代环保高效柴油机研发”(2008AA11A116)及湖南省自然科学基金重点项目“车用微粒捕集器复合再生过程气粒两相流动与燃烧数值模拟”(06JJ20018)等为课题来源,对喷油助燃再生技术开展了如下研究：
(1)以壁流式蜂窝陶瓷过滤体为研究对象,建立微粒捕集器喷油助燃再生数学模型,通过数值耦合求解,计算分析了喷油助燃再生过程中主要热工参数如油气配比、喷油压力、喷油率与补气量及其它参数如初始微粒沉积量、排气质量流量等对微粒捕集器再生过程的影响,这些影响规律的提出,对微粒捕集器再生过程相关参数建模、优化控制及控制系统研究等提供了理论指导。
(2)在上述模型基础上,简化其入口单孔道的再生数学模型,结合稳态Semenov理论和Adler、Enig's间歇式反应器原理,在考虑反应消耗的基础上,建立了过滤体再生的入口废气临界温度模型,并针对其影响因素进行了分析,对喷油助燃再生装置功率设计与调节等有较大的指导意义。
(3)考虑到柴油机非稳态工况过滤体背压变化的非线性,对微粒捕集器背压信号采集系统的动态响应影响因素进行了分析与讨论,基于壁流式蜂窝陶瓷过滤体排气背压数学模型,建立了微粒捕集器测压系统的理论动态响应数学模型,为提高背压测试精度及响应性能等提供了理论依据。
(4)提出了基于总油耗量法建立微粒捕集器排气背压阈值MAP并利用排气背压法思想来判断再生时机的方法。为获得再生背压阈值MAP,基于AVL BOOST建立装有喷油助燃再生装置微粒捕集器的发动机台架仿真模型,试验验证后利用该仿真平台将各工况模拟计算的排气背压、油耗等结果导入MATLAB中,利用其强大的数学运算功能与图形处理能力,基于多元线性回归理论,采用最小二乘法和线性插值技术来建立发动机各工况微粒捕集器的再生排气背压MAP图。
(5)针对以往喷油助燃再生系统燃烧器喷油量最优控制模型加以改进,结合再生入口临界温度条件,对边界条件中的终止温度予以了强化,使之更具合理性,并补充了对应的补气量最优控制模型,采用内点惩罚函数法与Logistic(逻辑斯蒂)混沌变量优化算法寻优,对改进后的模型与原模型对应的优化控制值进行了对比,为喷油助燃再生智能优化控制过程奠定了基础。
(6)提出了较系统的喷油助燃再生控制策略,并分析其特点,对其控制系统进行了硬件设计和程序调试。从随机选取的微粒捕集器再生试验来看,可保证DPF再生及时、准确、安全且高效可靠地进行
本文为喷油助燃再生微粒捕集器在结构设计、性能分析、再生过程控制等方面提供了理论依据和技术参考,为其实用化奠定了基础,其中一些研究方法和成果对其他类型微粒捕集器的研究也具有重要的参考价值。
With the deepening of environment protection and atmosphere management and the severe requirements of pollution regulations, particulate emission control has become a grave topic of atmosphere pollution management and diesel engine production. For its high filtration efficiency and good reliability, et al, diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been the research focus of the current vehicle particulate emission control technology. It has been recognized as one of the most effective means to solve the problem of particulate emission for diesel engine. From the view of research process, regeneration technology has been the key of particulate filter technology, which restricts the development of particulate filter technology.
Currently, many DPF regeneration ways have been proposed and been given a lot of research respectively. The research of catalytic regeneration, infrared and microwave regeneration, etc abroad is much more than in domestic because of being restricted by domestic oil due to high component of sulfur, arsenic and plumbum, etc. In domestic, the periodic or continuous pyrogenation method is usually used to clean the captured particulate in filter in order to ensure the well continuous working performance of DPF. In many pyrogenation regeneration methods, the burner-type system technology isn't restricted by fuel quality of the high content of sulfur and so on in our country. It is adopted the same fuel in core device-burner as diesel engine, and not made great changes for the original engine structure with the DPF in vehicle. In addition, it is not restricted by the exhaust temperature and can be carried out the regeneration under all working conditions with wide regeneration window, etc., it provides a new way to reduce the diesel particulate emission. The contents for thermal parameters models and control process have been studied based on a full flow burner-type DPF.
At present, the research on burner-type DPF is very popular whether in abroad or at home, it mainly focuses on design and optimization of the burner, and its combustion performance and experiment research, etc., but there are little systematic researches on the control model of thermal parameters in the regeneration process. Therefore, based on the projects, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Compound regeneration mechanism research of microwave and cerium-manganese additive on porous medium of diesel particulate filter (ID:50876027), the sub-item of National863project-R&D of a new generation environment-pretection and efficient engine"(ID:2008AA11A116) and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of "gas-particle two phase flow and combustion numerical simulation of vehicle diesel particulate filter in the compound regeneration process"(ID:06JJ20018), etc. The burner-type regeneration technology has been studied as follows:
(1) Taken the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic filter as the research object, the numerical regeneration model of the burner-type DPF is built. Through the numerical coupling solution, the DPF regeneration process, influenced by the main thermal parameters of burner-type regeneration such as ratio of fuel to gas, injection pressure, injection rate, air-supplied quantity and other parameters like initial particle deposition quantity, exhaust mass flow and so on, have been calculated and analyzed. The influence laws provide a theoretical guidance to modeling, optimal control and control system study in DPF regeneration.
(2) Based on above model, the regeneration numerical model of the inlet channel has been simplified. Combined with the steady-state Semenov theory and Adler/Enig's batch reactor theory, the inlet exhaust critical temperature model for filter regeneration has been built on the base of consumption reaction, and its influence factors have been analyzed. It is greatly significant to design and adjust the burner power.
(3) Considered the nonlinear changes of DPF back pressure under engine's non-steady state working conditions, the influenced factors of dynamic response of the DPF backpressure signal acquisition system have analyzed and discussed. Based on the numerical model of the exhaust back pressure of the wall-flow honeycomb ceramic filter, the theoretic dynamic response numerical model of DPF pressure measurement system has been built, it provides theoretical basis for improving the measurement accuracy and response performance for the backpressure.
(4) The exhaust backpressure threshold MAP of DPF has been built based on the total fuel consumption and the regeneration time has been determined by the exhaust back pressure method. To obtain the regeneration backpressure threshold MAP, the engine simulation model equipped with the DPF of the burner-type system has been built in AVL BOOST software. After the experimental validation, the model can be used to simulate the exhaust backpressure, fuel consumption and other results. The results have been put into MATLAB, with its powerful function of mathematic calculation and capabilities of graph disposal, and then the regeneration exhaust backpressure MAP of DPF under all engine's working conditions has been built with the least square method and linear interpolation technology based on the theory of multiple linear regression.
(5) The burner injection optimal control model has been improved. Combined with the inlet channel regeneration critical temperature, the terminate temperature in the boundary condition has been strengthened reasonably. The corresponding optimal control model of air-supplied quantity has been added. With the inner point penalty function method and logistic chaos optimization algorithm, the corresponding optimal control values of the improved model have been compared with the original model. It makes the foundation for the intelligent optimal control process for burner-type DPF.
(6) A more systematic control strategy for a burner-type DPF has been proposed and analyzed its characteristics. And the hardware design and program debugging for the control system has been made. From the randomly selected DPF regeneration experiments, it shows that DPF can be regenerated timely, accurately, securely, efficiently and reliably.
The research provides the theoretical basis and technical reference for burner-type DPF in structural design, performance analysis and regeneration control etc. and lays the foundation for its practical. Some methods of the research and results have important reference value to other type DPF too.
引文
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