芳纶水刺非织造布的结构及性能研究
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摘要
随着现代科技的发展,工业化水平不断提高,人们的环保意识也逐渐加强,全世界对过滤材料的需求逐年上升。就空气过滤而言,非织造布过滤材料已经取代了传统纺织过滤材料,应用越来越广。国内外学者已在水刺非织造布方面进行了研究,但是有关非织造布的结构及性能,尤其是用于高温工业过滤领域,还没有进行深入的研究,因此开展这些方面的研究对于更好的发挥其重要作用具有一定的学术和应用价值。
本文以芳纶水刺非织造布为主要研究对象,利用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、孔径分析测试仪、断裂强力测试仪器等设备进行了详细的试验测试与分析,重点研究了芳纶水刺非织造布在高温条件下和酸、碱腐蚀条件下的的纤网表观结构、尺寸稳定、孔隙特征、力学性能以及其它性能,最后对芳纶水刺非织造布的结构参数与性能的关系进行分析。通过本文的研究,得到了以下几个主要结论:
(1)经过高温处理后芳纶水刺非织造布表面略显疏松,但是尚不能发现纤维结构的变化;厚度和平方米克重随温度升高,先减小后增加;试样的纵横向收缩率均小于5%;处理前后试样孔径分布在60-90μm,平均孔径先增加后减小;透气率随处理温度的增加先增加后减小;纵向拉伸断裂强力先减小后增大,横向拉伸断裂强力不断增大,总体呈上升趋势;处理前后试样的起始分解温度都在350℃左右,起分解顺序为260℃试样→230℃试样→200℃试样→常温试样。
(2)酸碱溶液浓度较低时,表观结构变化不大,随着溶液浓度的增加,试样纤维开始出现裂痕,纤维分布不再均匀;处理前后试样的厚度在1mm上下波动,厚度CV值、平方米克重的CV值随着酸碱液浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化;碱溶液处理后的尺寸变化率要稍大于酸溶液,但是都不超过1.6%;相同浓度下,碱溶液处理后的试样透气率高于酸溶液,透气率变化率均呈现先减小后增加的趋势,当碱溶液浓度在10%、酸溶液浓度在30%时,透气率变化率处于最小值;处理后试样的断裂强力和断裂伸长率总体呈下降趋势但下降幅度不大;红外光谱图中出现的主要振动频率分别为为1650cm~(-1),1606cm~(-1),1533cm~(-1),1485cm~(-1),685cm~(-1),峰值并没有呈现较大波动。
(3)经过高温和碱溶液处理后的试样,M值先减小后增加;经过酸溶液处理后的试样,M值先增加后减小;在30%的碱溶液和30%的酸溶液中,试样表现为纵向排列最明显,各项异性最明显;高温处理后,试样的厚度越大其透气率越小,平方米克重越大其加权平均孔径越小;碱溶液处理后,平方米克重越大,透气率越大;酸溶液处理后,随厚度增加,透气率先减小后增加;孔隙率变化均呈现“倒N”型,纤维的轴间距变化呈现“N”型;孔隙率越大,流体动力系数越小,高温处理和酸碱溶液处理后,流体动力系数变化均呈现“N”型。
With the development of modern technology science and industrialization level, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually strengthened. As a result, the world demand of filter materials is rising year by year. Nonwoven materials have replaced the traditional textile filter materials which is used more and more widely as air filtration. Spunlaced nonwovens have been researched by domestic and foreign scholars, however, the structure and performance of nonwovens, especially in filtration field of high temperature industrial were lack of study. Therefore, research on these areas has certain academic and application value.
The aramid spunlaced nonwovens as the main research object were tested and analyzed by the equipments of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometer, Topas analysis tester, strength tester and so on. Apparent structure, size stability, pore structure, mechanical properties and other properties were studied in the conditions of high temperature and corrosion. The relationship was analyzed between structure parameters and properties. The results showed that:
(1)The aramid spunlaced nonwovens had slightly loose surface after high temperature processing, but changes of fiber structure still can not be found. With the temperature increasing, the thickness and the gram per square meter first decreased and then increased. Vertical and horizontal shrinkage of the sample were less than 5%. Before and after processing, pore size distribution of the samples were in the range of 60-90μm, the average aperture first increases, then decreases. With processing temperature increasing, the permeability first increased, then decreased. Longitudinal and transversel breaking strength increased overall. The longitudinal breaking strength first decreased and then increased while the transverse breaking strength increased constantly. Decomposition temperatures of samples were around 350℃. The beginning decomposition order was as follows: sample in 260℃→sample in 230℃→sample in 200℃→sample in normal temperature.
(2)Apparent structural changes unobviously when the concentrations of acid and alkali solution were low, as the concentration of solution increasing, fibers began to appear fissure and the distribution was heterogeneous. Before and after processing the thickness of the sample was fluctuated around 1mm. The CV values of the thickness and the gram per square meter were changed accords with the quadratic curve. With alkali solution process, the dimensional changes after laundering were slightly greater than that with acid solution process, but were not more than 1.6%. Under the same concentration, the permeability with alkali solution process is larger than that with acid solution process. The rate of change in permeability was first decreased, then increased and the minimum was at alkali solution of 10% and acid solution of 30%. The breaking strength and elongation of samples were downtrend. The main vibration frequencys in infrared spectrogram were as follows: 1650cm~(-1), 1606cm~(-1), 1533cm~(-1), 1485cm~(-1), 685cm~(-1) and there was no big fluctuations on the peak value.
(3)After high temperature and alkali solution process, M value of the samples first decreasesd and then increased while it first increased and then decreased after acid solution process. In 30% of alkali solution and 30% of the acid solution, samples were obviously in longitudinal arrangement and anisotropic property. After high temperature process, the greater the thickness is, the smaller the permeability is. After alkali solution process, the greater the grams per square meter is, the larger the permeability is. With the thickness increases, the permeability first decreases and then increases. Porosity variation presents inverted " N " pattern type while the center distance of fibers presents " N " pattern. The greater the porosity is, the smaller the fluid dynamic coefficient is. After high temperature, alkali and acid solution process, fluid dynamic coefficient presents " N " pattern.
本文以芳纶水刺非织造布为主要研究对象,利用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、孔径分析测试仪、断裂强力测试仪器等设备进行了详细的试验测试与分析,重点研究了芳纶水刺非织造布在高温条件下和酸、碱腐蚀条件下的的纤网表观结构、尺寸稳定、孔隙特征、力学性能以及其它性能,最后对芳纶水刺非织造布的结构参数与性能的关系进行分析。通过本文的研究,得到了以下几个主要结论:
(1)经过高温处理后芳纶水刺非织造布表面略显疏松,但是尚不能发现纤维结构的变化;厚度和平方米克重随温度升高,先减小后增加;试样的纵横向收缩率均小于5%;处理前后试样孔径分布在60-90μm,平均孔径先增加后减小;透气率随处理温度的增加先增加后减小;纵向拉伸断裂强力先减小后增大,横向拉伸断裂强力不断增大,总体呈上升趋势;处理前后试样的起始分解温度都在350℃左右,起分解顺序为260℃试样→230℃试样→200℃试样→常温试样。
(2)酸碱溶液浓度较低时,表观结构变化不大,随着溶液浓度的增加,试样纤维开始出现裂痕,纤维分布不再均匀;处理前后试样的厚度在1mm上下波动,厚度CV值、平方米克重的CV值随着酸碱液浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化;碱溶液处理后的尺寸变化率要稍大于酸溶液,但是都不超过1.6%;相同浓度下,碱溶液处理后的试样透气率高于酸溶液,透气率变化率均呈现先减小后增加的趋势,当碱溶液浓度在10%、酸溶液浓度在30%时,透气率变化率处于最小值;处理后试样的断裂强力和断裂伸长率总体呈下降趋势但下降幅度不大;红外光谱图中出现的主要振动频率分别为为1650cm~(-1),1606cm~(-1),1533cm~(-1),1485cm~(-1),685cm~(-1),峰值并没有呈现较大波动。
(3)经过高温和碱溶液处理后的试样,M值先减小后增加;经过酸溶液处理后的试样,M值先增加后减小;在30%的碱溶液和30%的酸溶液中,试样表现为纵向排列最明显,各项异性最明显;高温处理后,试样的厚度越大其透气率越小,平方米克重越大其加权平均孔径越小;碱溶液处理后,平方米克重越大,透气率越大;酸溶液处理后,随厚度增加,透气率先减小后增加;孔隙率变化均呈现“倒N”型,纤维的轴间距变化呈现“N”型;孔隙率越大,流体动力系数越小,高温处理和酸碱溶液处理后,流体动力系数变化均呈现“N”型。
With the development of modern technology science and industrialization level, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually strengthened. As a result, the world demand of filter materials is rising year by year. Nonwoven materials have replaced the traditional textile filter materials which is used more and more widely as air filtration. Spunlaced nonwovens have been researched by domestic and foreign scholars, however, the structure and performance of nonwovens, especially in filtration field of high temperature industrial were lack of study. Therefore, research on these areas has certain academic and application value.
The aramid spunlaced nonwovens as the main research object were tested and analyzed by the equipments of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometer, Topas analysis tester, strength tester and so on. Apparent structure, size stability, pore structure, mechanical properties and other properties were studied in the conditions of high temperature and corrosion. The relationship was analyzed between structure parameters and properties. The results showed that:
(1)The aramid spunlaced nonwovens had slightly loose surface after high temperature processing, but changes of fiber structure still can not be found. With the temperature increasing, the thickness and the gram per square meter first decreased and then increased. Vertical and horizontal shrinkage of the sample were less than 5%. Before and after processing, pore size distribution of the samples were in the range of 60-90μm, the average aperture first increases, then decreases. With processing temperature increasing, the permeability first increased, then decreased. Longitudinal and transversel breaking strength increased overall. The longitudinal breaking strength first decreased and then increased while the transverse breaking strength increased constantly. Decomposition temperatures of samples were around 350℃. The beginning decomposition order was as follows: sample in 260℃→sample in 230℃→sample in 200℃→sample in normal temperature.
(2)Apparent structural changes unobviously when the concentrations of acid and alkali solution were low, as the concentration of solution increasing, fibers began to appear fissure and the distribution was heterogeneous. Before and after processing the thickness of the sample was fluctuated around 1mm. The CV values of the thickness and the gram per square meter were changed accords with the quadratic curve. With alkali solution process, the dimensional changes after laundering were slightly greater than that with acid solution process, but were not more than 1.6%. Under the same concentration, the permeability with alkali solution process is larger than that with acid solution process. The rate of change in permeability was first decreased, then increased and the minimum was at alkali solution of 10% and acid solution of 30%. The breaking strength and elongation of samples were downtrend. The main vibration frequencys in infrared spectrogram were as follows: 1650cm~(-1), 1606cm~(-1), 1533cm~(-1), 1485cm~(-1), 685cm~(-1) and there was no big fluctuations on the peak value.
(3)After high temperature and alkali solution process, M value of the samples first decreasesd and then increased while it first increased and then decreased after acid solution process. In 30% of alkali solution and 30% of the acid solution, samples were obviously in longitudinal arrangement and anisotropic property. After high temperature process, the greater the thickness is, the smaller the permeability is. After alkali solution process, the greater the grams per square meter is, the larger the permeability is. With the thickness increases, the permeability first decreases and then increases. Porosity variation presents inverted " N " pattern type while the center distance of fibers presents " N " pattern. The greater the porosity is, the smaller the fluid dynamic coefficient is. After high temperature, alkali and acid solution process, fluid dynamic coefficient presents " N " pattern.
引文
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