汽车用橡胶超弹性材料参数反求方法研究
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摘要
21世纪以来我国汽车工业飞速发展,汽车的安全舒适性能已经是消费者关注的重要性能。为了达到隔振减振的效果,汽车结构中采用许多橡胶柔性连接,主要应用在发动机悬置系统、驱动系统、车身系统等;操纵稳定性影响汽车的安全性,为了提高车辆的操纵稳定性,汽车前后悬架、操纵机构中也采用很多橡胶柔性连接。汽车研发技术不断的提高要求汽车子系统也要向高性能方向发展,汽车用橡胶结构件自身设计过程中的计算机仿真分析越来越受到重视,而在工程实际中橡胶超弹性材料参数的缺少给仿真分析带来不便。
描述橡胶材料力学性能的本构模型有多种形式,橡胶超弹性材料参数获得的传统方法来自橡胶材料基础试验,需要制备专门的试件,由于某些原因无法得到标准试件;试验标准不完善、国内试验条件的不足和试验设备的缺乏导致这些标准试验很难完成。在这种情况下,本文应用仿真分析、优化算法结合的反求方法的思路,提出了橡胶超弹性材料参数的反求方法。
在反求过程中引入响应面优化的方法,对响应面建立过程中两种拟合方法进行了比较分析,证明了移动最小二乘拟合的响应面精度很高,能够用于反求优化。用已知参数的橡胶结构件对本文方法进行了验证,反求出的参数与传统方法得到的参数很接近,验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性。本文进一步研究了不同本构模型参数的反求都获得了比较理想的结果。
对国内某车型结构中的缓冲橡胶块进行了反求,涉及了橡胶结构件试验的基本方法,求得的参数与试验结果吻合很好,可以用于该结构件的仿真分析。对于汽车结构中或其他工程中的橡胶件,可以结合实际工况和仿真分析选取比较合适的本构模型,模拟橡胶件实际工况做相应的试验,采用本文方法获得材料参数。
通过以上的研究可知,在无法得到标准试件,缺少试验条件的情况下,本文反求方法简单、实用、准确度足够,可以研究几乎所有的超弹性本构模型,也可以应用于橡胶的大变形情况以满足更多的工程实际需要,工程中意义重大,为处理橡胶超弹性材料参数问题提供了新的研究方法和途径。
With the rapid development of our country automobile industry, the automobile performances of the traffic safety and riding comfort become more important concerned by customers. In order to reduce and isolate the automobile vibration, rubber flexibility connections are widely used in engine system, drive system, body system and so on. The controllability and stability directly impact on the automobile safety, so rubber flexibility connections are also used in front and rear suspension systems as well as the control mechanism. With the automobile research techniques improving, the automobile subsystems are also required to develop into the high-performance direction. The computer simulation analysis becomes more and more important in the rubber structure design. However, the lack of hyperelastic material parameters brings lots of difficulties in the actual engineering conditions.
There’re many forms of constitutive models when describing rubber materials mechanics performances. The traditional method to get hyperelastic material parameters is based on rubber material foundation experiment, which needs special test samples. Actually, the experiment can be hardly completed because of those problems such as the hardly obtained special test samples, the imperfect test standards, as well as the lack of both test conditions and instruments. Based on those unsolved problems, this article proposes a inverse method to get the hyperelastic material parameters according to the idea of the inverse method of the combination with simulation analysis and optimization algorithm.
During the inverse, this article introduces the surface optimization method, compares and analyzes two kinds of fitting methods in establishing response surface. It proved that the response surface has high precision fitted by the moving least square and can be applied to the reverse optimization.
In this article, the inverse method is verified via the given parameters of the rubber structural element, and the result shows that the parameters coming from reverse method are very close to the ones coming from the tradition methods. Though the verification, it proves the validity and feasibility of the reverse method referred in this article. Besides, this article also researches the parameter inverse of different constitutive models and also gets the ideal results.
Carry on the inverse of the automobile rubber cushion blocks involved with the essential method for the rubber structural element experiment. The parameters solved are very close to the test results, and they can be applied to simulation analysis. As a result, in the automobile structure or other projects, we can select the appropriate constitutive models for the rubber structural element, combined with simulation analysis and actual working conditions, also carry on the corresponding test for the rubber element in the working condition simulations, and then obtain the material parameters used the inverse methods referred in the article.
According to the research above, on the conditions of unavailable standard samples as well as the lack of the test equipment, the inverse method referred in this article is simple, practical and high-accuracy compared with the traditional methods, and nearly can be applied to all the hyperelastic constitutive models also the large deformation of the rubber and to meet the actual needs in engineering problems. It’s rather significant in engineering and provides new research methods and approaches to dealing with the rubber hyperelastic material parameters.
描述橡胶材料力学性能的本构模型有多种形式,橡胶超弹性材料参数获得的传统方法来自橡胶材料基础试验,需要制备专门的试件,由于某些原因无法得到标准试件;试验标准不完善、国内试验条件的不足和试验设备的缺乏导致这些标准试验很难完成。在这种情况下,本文应用仿真分析、优化算法结合的反求方法的思路,提出了橡胶超弹性材料参数的反求方法。
在反求过程中引入响应面优化的方法,对响应面建立过程中两种拟合方法进行了比较分析,证明了移动最小二乘拟合的响应面精度很高,能够用于反求优化。用已知参数的橡胶结构件对本文方法进行了验证,反求出的参数与传统方法得到的参数很接近,验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性。本文进一步研究了不同本构模型参数的反求都获得了比较理想的结果。
对国内某车型结构中的缓冲橡胶块进行了反求,涉及了橡胶结构件试验的基本方法,求得的参数与试验结果吻合很好,可以用于该结构件的仿真分析。对于汽车结构中或其他工程中的橡胶件,可以结合实际工况和仿真分析选取比较合适的本构模型,模拟橡胶件实际工况做相应的试验,采用本文方法获得材料参数。
通过以上的研究可知,在无法得到标准试件,缺少试验条件的情况下,本文反求方法简单、实用、准确度足够,可以研究几乎所有的超弹性本构模型,也可以应用于橡胶的大变形情况以满足更多的工程实际需要,工程中意义重大,为处理橡胶超弹性材料参数问题提供了新的研究方法和途径。
With the rapid development of our country automobile industry, the automobile performances of the traffic safety and riding comfort become more important concerned by customers. In order to reduce and isolate the automobile vibration, rubber flexibility connections are widely used in engine system, drive system, body system and so on. The controllability and stability directly impact on the automobile safety, so rubber flexibility connections are also used in front and rear suspension systems as well as the control mechanism. With the automobile research techniques improving, the automobile subsystems are also required to develop into the high-performance direction. The computer simulation analysis becomes more and more important in the rubber structure design. However, the lack of hyperelastic material parameters brings lots of difficulties in the actual engineering conditions.
There’re many forms of constitutive models when describing rubber materials mechanics performances. The traditional method to get hyperelastic material parameters is based on rubber material foundation experiment, which needs special test samples. Actually, the experiment can be hardly completed because of those problems such as the hardly obtained special test samples, the imperfect test standards, as well as the lack of both test conditions and instruments. Based on those unsolved problems, this article proposes a inverse method to get the hyperelastic material parameters according to the idea of the inverse method of the combination with simulation analysis and optimization algorithm.
During the inverse, this article introduces the surface optimization method, compares and analyzes two kinds of fitting methods in establishing response surface. It proved that the response surface has high precision fitted by the moving least square and can be applied to the reverse optimization.
In this article, the inverse method is verified via the given parameters of the rubber structural element, and the result shows that the parameters coming from reverse method are very close to the ones coming from the tradition methods. Though the verification, it proves the validity and feasibility of the reverse method referred in this article. Besides, this article also researches the parameter inverse of different constitutive models and also gets the ideal results.
Carry on the inverse of the automobile rubber cushion blocks involved with the essential method for the rubber structural element experiment. The parameters solved are very close to the test results, and they can be applied to simulation analysis. As a result, in the automobile structure or other projects, we can select the appropriate constitutive models for the rubber structural element, combined with simulation analysis and actual working conditions, also carry on the corresponding test for the rubber element in the working condition simulations, and then obtain the material parameters used the inverse methods referred in the article.
According to the research above, on the conditions of unavailable standard samples as well as the lack of the test equipment, the inverse method referred in this article is simple, practical and high-accuracy compared with the traditional methods, and nearly can be applied to all the hyperelastic constitutive models also the large deformation of the rubber and to meet the actual needs in engineering problems. It’s rather significant in engineering and provides new research methods and approaches to dealing with the rubber hyperelastic material parameters.
引文
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[4]戴永谦.发动机悬置软垫断裂模拟:[大连理工大学博士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2006,8-16
[5]吴琳琪.车用膜式空气弹簧垂向弹性特性有限元分析及优化:[江苏大学硕士学位论文].镇江:江苏大学,2007,1-10
[6]王进文,田玉坤,王象民.国内外汽车用橡胶制品技术进展.橡胶科技市场,2007,(14):1-5
[7] Jaehwan Choi .Development of Modeling and Analysis Technique for the Rub -ber Bushings in Automobile.1998 ABAQUS Users’Conference
[8] Smith G W, Thornhill J W. Analysis of Elastomeric Spring-Eye Bushing Using ABAQUS.1998 ABAQUS Users’Conference
[9] Lee Nak Kyu,Lee Myung Sik,Kim Heon Young, Kim JoongJae .Design of Engine Mount Using Finite Element Method and Optimization Technique .SAE 980379
[10]王利荣,吕振华.橡胶隔振器有限元建模技术及静态弹性特性分析.汽车工程,2002,24(6):480-485
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