纤维状非金属矿与植物复合纤维的制备、性能及应用研究
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摘要
本研究属于新材料领域,涉及非金属矿和造纸两个行业。寻求来源广、价格低、能改善纸品性能、环境污染小的纤维矿物原料对推动造纸原料供应和选择多元化,探索功能矿物材料在特殊纸品的应用、推动我国造纸工业可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本研究重点是开发一种新型非金属矿物纤维和植物纤维的复合纤维。本文从研究硅灰石、海泡石、纤维水镁石等非金属矿物纤维的物化特性出发,对矿物纤维的分散解离、提纯、改性、矿物纤维和植物纤维复合、纸张的抄造及性能测试进行了系统试验研究,取得了以下主要研究成果:
1、系统研究了硅灰石、海泡石、纤维水镁石以及植物纤维的试样特性,针对矿物纤维的晶体结构、化学及矿物组成、表面电性和矿物形貌特征进行了比较深入研究,为纤维的复合研究提供了理论指导。
2、系统研究了硅灰石的改性,海泡石纤维、纤维水镁石的分散解离提纯,为矿物纤维的复合应用奠定了基础。
(1)采用CPAM对硅灰石进行改性,降低了硅灰石表面电位,增强了与植物纤维、其他矿物纤维的结合强度。
(2)采用六偏磷酸钠作分散剂,进行机械搅拌分散,再经超声波处理,可使海泡石纤维基本单束化。
(3)采用OT对水镁石浸泡处理,再经高速搅拌机分散,可使纤维水镁石纤维分散均匀,基本上呈现单束化。
3、系统地进行矿物纤维和植物纤维的复合抄纸实验室试验。首次进行了复合矿物纤维(改性硅灰石/纤维水镁石、改性硅灰石/海泡石、纤维水镁石/海泡石)和植物纤维的复合试验,取得了较好效果。
(1)添加矿物纤维(硅灰石、海泡石、纤维水镁石)其纸片的性能明显优于添加一般填料碳酸钙、滑石粉的性能,表明矿物纤维在复合纤维中不是起一般填料的作用,而有其矿物纤维的效应。
(2)硅灰石,特别是改性硅灰石可以改善纸片的性能,其添加量可达30%(硅灰石)～40%(改性硅灰石),改性硅灰石效果更明显,因而硅灰石纤维的改性对复合纤维的结合强度和纸片的性能具有重要作用。
(3)海泡石/改性硅灰石、纤维水镁石/硅灰石、纤维水镁石/改性硅灰石、纤维水镁石/海泡石(配比1:1)矿物复合纤维与植物纤维复合,其纸片性能优于单一矿物纤维与植物纤维复合纸片的性能。其主要原因是矿物纤维特性的协同作用,提高了纸片的性能,加入量可以达30%-40%。
(4)从SEM电镜照片中可以看到,矿物纤维在纸片中分布较均匀,与植物纤维形成了网状交织结构,在纸品中可替代部分植物短纤维。
4、200mm長网纸机中试表明,在适宜的纤维复合条件下可获得较好的成纸综合性能。
对比滑石粉填料,改性硅灰石加填量提高8%,成纸仍能获得较好的综合物理性能,从而可以降低相应量的植物纤维用量,具有较好的经济效益;改性硅灰石与海泡石或与纤维水镁石如按适当比例混合,能在提高成纸灰分的同时,纸页保持较好的物理性能。
5、探讨了硅灰石的改性机理,海泡石、纤维水镁石的分散解离机理,复合纤维界面作用机理。
This paper describes the field of advanced materials science,which is a cross technology subject combining non-metallic mining industry and papermaking industry. Seek for the special fiber raw material with the sufficient sources,cheap price,good paper property and less environment pollution to develop the paper raw material supplying and the choice by multiple strategies.The study on their application in functional papers to push sustainable development of China's P&P industry etc.is of great significance.The study is a key to success of the new nonmetallic mineral/plant-composite fibers.Starting from a study on the physicochemical characteristics of the nonmetallic mineral fibers of the wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite etc.and facing to the systemic experiment research on the dispersion,purification,dissociation,modification and the preparation of mineral/plant-composite fibers,the paper production process and their performance test,that results showed are the main research results:
1.The physicochemical characteristics of the wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite and plant fibers have been studied systematically.The chemical and the mineralogical compositions,surface electricity,morphological features and the crystal structure of the mineral fibers were studied in detail,which provides theoretical direction for the fiber composite materials.
2.The modification of the wollastonite and the dispersion,purification,dissociation of the fibrous sepiolite,fibrous brucite have been studied systematically,which lays the foundation for the fiber composite materials.
(1)The CPAM is used to modify the wollastonite.The surface potential of the wollastonite decreased.the strength combined with plant fibers and mineral fibers has increased.
(2)It can be seen after the mechanical agitation and method by ultrasonic using the dispersing agent of sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP) the fibrous sepiolite will disperse completely.
(3)It can be seen by the soaking treatment of OT and by the mechanical agitation the fibrous brucite will disperse completely.
3.The paper production process test have been made systematically by the mineral/plant-composite fibers.The compound modification test of composite minerals(modified wollastonite/fibrousbrucite,modified wollastonite/sepiolite,fibrous brucite/sepiolite) and plant fibers initiates both at home and abroad.It achieves better effect in the practical application.
(1) The addition of mineral fibers(wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite) to the paper makes the disk performance better than the general common packings calcium carbonate,talc.The experimental results show that is not the general common packings,the mineral fibers react on the fiber's effective.
(2)The wollastonite,especially the modified wollastonite doping obviously improves the performance of the disk samples when contained 30%(wollastonite)～40%(modified wollastonite).It achieves better effect in the modified wollastonite.Therefore the modified fibrous of the wollastonite play an important role in bonding strength of composite fiber and in the performance of the disk.
(3)The different composite mineral fibers of sepiolite/modified wollastonite,fibrous brucite/wollastonite,fibrous brucite/modified wollastonite and fibrous brucite/sepiolite (1:1 ratio),were obviously better than that of single mineral fiber in compound of plant fiber to the disk performance.The reason of improvement the disk performance is due to the synergism of the mineral fibers when contained 30%～40%.
(4)SEM images show that the distribution of the mineral fibers in the disk samples is even.The development of network structure of the mineral/plant-composite fibers is advatageous to replace partial plant short fiber.
4.The pilot-test result on a 200mm fourdrinier paper machine showed that a good comprehensive properties can be obtained under the suitable condition of the composite fibers.
Modified wollastonite content up to 8%compared with talcum powder,a good comprehensive properties can be obtained is advatageous to cut down corresponding rates of the plant fibers usage.The process has better economic and environmental benefits.Modified wollastonite mixed sepiolite or fibrous brucite at appropriate proportion into the paper production process,it keeps its quite good physical properties.Besides,the ash content rose.
5.On the basis of above,this essay also discusses the modification mechanism of wollastonite,the dispersion and dissociationand mechanism of sepiolite,fibrous brucite and the functionary interracial mechanism of the composite fibers.
1、系统研究了硅灰石、海泡石、纤维水镁石以及植物纤维的试样特性,针对矿物纤维的晶体结构、化学及矿物组成、表面电性和矿物形貌特征进行了比较深入研究,为纤维的复合研究提供了理论指导。
2、系统研究了硅灰石的改性,海泡石纤维、纤维水镁石的分散解离提纯,为矿物纤维的复合应用奠定了基础。
(1)采用CPAM对硅灰石进行改性,降低了硅灰石表面电位,增强了与植物纤维、其他矿物纤维的结合强度。
(2)采用六偏磷酸钠作分散剂,进行机械搅拌分散,再经超声波处理,可使海泡石纤维基本单束化。
(3)采用OT对水镁石浸泡处理,再经高速搅拌机分散,可使纤维水镁石纤维分散均匀,基本上呈现单束化。
3、系统地进行矿物纤维和植物纤维的复合抄纸实验室试验。首次进行了复合矿物纤维(改性硅灰石/纤维水镁石、改性硅灰石/海泡石、纤维水镁石/海泡石)和植物纤维的复合试验,取得了较好效果。
(1)添加矿物纤维(硅灰石、海泡石、纤维水镁石)其纸片的性能明显优于添加一般填料碳酸钙、滑石粉的性能,表明矿物纤维在复合纤维中不是起一般填料的作用,而有其矿物纤维的效应。
(2)硅灰石,特别是改性硅灰石可以改善纸片的性能,其添加量可达30%(硅灰石)～40%(改性硅灰石),改性硅灰石效果更明显,因而硅灰石纤维的改性对复合纤维的结合强度和纸片的性能具有重要作用。
(3)海泡石/改性硅灰石、纤维水镁石/硅灰石、纤维水镁石/改性硅灰石、纤维水镁石/海泡石(配比1:1)矿物复合纤维与植物纤维复合,其纸片性能优于单一矿物纤维与植物纤维复合纸片的性能。其主要原因是矿物纤维特性的协同作用,提高了纸片的性能,加入量可以达30%-40%。
(4)从SEM电镜照片中可以看到,矿物纤维在纸片中分布较均匀,与植物纤维形成了网状交织结构,在纸品中可替代部分植物短纤维。
4、200mm長网纸机中试表明,在适宜的纤维复合条件下可获得较好的成纸综合性能。
对比滑石粉填料,改性硅灰石加填量提高8%,成纸仍能获得较好的综合物理性能,从而可以降低相应量的植物纤维用量,具有较好的经济效益;改性硅灰石与海泡石或与纤维水镁石如按适当比例混合,能在提高成纸灰分的同时,纸页保持较好的物理性能。
5、探讨了硅灰石的改性机理,海泡石、纤维水镁石的分散解离机理,复合纤维界面作用机理。
This paper describes the field of advanced materials science,which is a cross technology subject combining non-metallic mining industry and papermaking industry. Seek for the special fiber raw material with the sufficient sources,cheap price,good paper property and less environment pollution to develop the paper raw material supplying and the choice by multiple strategies.The study on their application in functional papers to push sustainable development of China's P&P industry etc.is of great significance.The study is a key to success of the new nonmetallic mineral/plant-composite fibers.Starting from a study on the physicochemical characteristics of the nonmetallic mineral fibers of the wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite etc.and facing to the systemic experiment research on the dispersion,purification,dissociation,modification and the preparation of mineral/plant-composite fibers,the paper production process and their performance test,that results showed are the main research results:
1.The physicochemical characteristics of the wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite and plant fibers have been studied systematically.The chemical and the mineralogical compositions,surface electricity,morphological features and the crystal structure of the mineral fibers were studied in detail,which provides theoretical direction for the fiber composite materials.
2.The modification of the wollastonite and the dispersion,purification,dissociation of the fibrous sepiolite,fibrous brucite have been studied systematically,which lays the foundation for the fiber composite materials.
(1)The CPAM is used to modify the wollastonite.The surface potential of the wollastonite decreased.the strength combined with plant fibers and mineral fibers has increased.
(2)It can be seen after the mechanical agitation and method by ultrasonic using the dispersing agent of sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP) the fibrous sepiolite will disperse completely.
(3)It can be seen by the soaking treatment of OT and by the mechanical agitation the fibrous brucite will disperse completely.
3.The paper production process test have been made systematically by the mineral/plant-composite fibers.The compound modification test of composite minerals(modified wollastonite/fibrousbrucite,modified wollastonite/sepiolite,fibrous brucite/sepiolite) and plant fibers initiates both at home and abroad.It achieves better effect in the practical application.
(1) The addition of mineral fibers(wollastonite,sepiolite,fibrous brucite) to the paper makes the disk performance better than the general common packings calcium carbonate,talc.The experimental results show that is not the general common packings,the mineral fibers react on the fiber's effective.
(2)The wollastonite,especially the modified wollastonite doping obviously improves the performance of the disk samples when contained 30%(wollastonite)～40%(modified wollastonite).It achieves better effect in the modified wollastonite.Therefore the modified fibrous of the wollastonite play an important role in bonding strength of composite fiber and in the performance of the disk.
(3)The different composite mineral fibers of sepiolite/modified wollastonite,fibrous brucite/wollastonite,fibrous brucite/modified wollastonite and fibrous brucite/sepiolite (1:1 ratio),were obviously better than that of single mineral fiber in compound of plant fiber to the disk performance.The reason of improvement the disk performance is due to the synergism of the mineral fibers when contained 30%～40%.
(4)SEM images show that the distribution of the mineral fibers in the disk samples is even.The development of network structure of the mineral/plant-composite fibers is advatageous to replace partial plant short fiber.
4.The pilot-test result on a 200mm fourdrinier paper machine showed that a good comprehensive properties can be obtained under the suitable condition of the composite fibers.
Modified wollastonite content up to 8%compared with talcum powder,a good comprehensive properties can be obtained is advatageous to cut down corresponding rates of the plant fibers usage.The process has better economic and environmental benefits.Modified wollastonite mixed sepiolite or fibrous brucite at appropriate proportion into the paper production process,it keeps its quite good physical properties.Besides,the ash content rose.
5.On the basis of above,this essay also discusses the modification mechanism of wollastonite,the dispersion and dissociationand mechanism of sepiolite,fibrous brucite and the functionary interracial mechanism of the composite fibers.
引文
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