大容量风电并网对电力系统安全稳定的影响研究
|
摘要
大量的大容量风电场直接接入高压输电网络将对我国电力系统的安全稳定、调度运行等诸多方面带来越来越大的影响,迫切需要开展相关的理论研究和实际系统分析工作。本课题针对接入大容量风电场的电力系统安全稳定分析问题,建立了完整的数学模型,并通过对实际运行电网的大量模拟计算和理论分析,提出了满足电网安全稳定运行的风电接入容量确定方法和系统运行控制措施。本文的工作对风力发电的规划设计、生产运行和政策制定具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
论文研究工作取得以下创新性研究成果:
1、将目前国际上较为成熟的风速模型、定桨距异步风力发电机组模型、变速恒频双馈风力发电机组模型及风电场建模处理方法加以适当改进,构建了适用于我国的含有风电场的电力系统稳定分析数学模型。在定桨距异步风力发电机组模型中,增加了一种新的功率系数拟合公式,以适应不同风能功率转换特性仿真;在变速恒频双馈风力发电机组模型中,增加了功率因数控制环节,以适用风电场恒机端电压和恒功率因数两种运行控制模式的仿真需要。
2、建立了实用化的含有风电场的电力系统大扰动稳定数学模型,通过微分方程和代数方程的交替迭代,完成含有风电场的电力系统大扰动稳定计算。结合内蒙古电网,分析了接入大容量风电场的电力系统功角稳定和电压稳定问题,提出了利用风力发电机组的低电压保护和电力系统安全自动装置相互配合的控制策略。
3、建立了实用化的含有风电场的电力系统小扰动稳定数学模型,将线性化的风电机组方程与系统原有线性化方程联立,形成含有风电机组的电力系统增广状态矩阵,采用PSASP软件的逆迭代转瑞利(Rayleigh)商迭代算法和稀疏矩阵技术求取大型状态矩阵特征值。结合内蒙古电网,分析了风电接入对电力系统振荡模式和振荡特性的影响及满足系统小扰动稳定要求的风电接入规模和运行控制方案;提出了风电场对电力系统阻尼特性的影响不会大于相同容量同步发电机组的观点。
4、研究了风速扰动对系统调压和调频的影响。提出了互联电网间联络线潮流调整限制风电接入容量的观点;结合内蒙古电网运行实际,提出一种工程实用方法,计算受此约束的风电接入容量,并分析了风电接入容量与系统旋转备用容量的关系及各种相关因素对风电接入容量的影响。研究了风速扰动对风电场所在地区电压稳定性的影响。
As a lot of wind farms with large capacities are being integrated in high voltage transmission network,more and more impacts will be brought on the security,stability, dispatching,operation and many other aspects of power system in our country and it is emergent to carry out the relevant work of theoretical research and system analysis. Aiming at the problem of analysis of security and stability of power system integrated with large capacity wind farms,the complete mathematical model was established in this dissertation and by large quantities of simulated calculations and theoretical analyses of a real grid,the determination method of acceptable capacity of wind power and the operational control strategies were put forward.The researching work has an important theoretical meaning and pragmatic value for the programming,designing, operation and policy-making of wind power industry.
The research work has made the following creative results:
1.The internationally matured model of wind speed,model of fixed pitch induction wind turbine generator,model of variable speed constant frequency doubly fed wind turbine generator and modeling method of wind farm were improved and the mathematical model of stability analysis of power system integrated with wind farms suitable to the conditions of our country was established.In the induction wind turbine generator model,a new fitting formula of power coefficient was added to adapt the different characteristics of power conversions,and in doubly fed wind turbine generator model,the power factor control link was added to meet the simulation needs of constant voltage control mode and constant power factor control mode of wind farms.
2.The practical mathematical model of large disturbance stability of power system integrated with wind farms was established and through the alternate iterations of differential equations and algebraic equations,the large disturbance stability analysis of power system with wind farms was accomplished.Combining Inner Mongolia power grid,the angle stability and voltage stability of power system with large capacity wind farms were analyzed and a control strategy was put forward through the cooperation of low voltage protection of wind turbine generators and automation equipment installed in the power system.
3.The practical mathematical model of small signal stability of power system integrated with wind farms was established.Combining the linearized equations of wind turbine generators with the original linearized equations of power system,the extended state matrix was established.Using the Inverse Iteration/Rayleigh Quotient Iteration algorithm and sparse matrix technology of PSASP,the large scale state matrix was evaluated.Through the calculation of Inner Mongolia power grid,the impacts of wind farms on the oscillation modes and oscillation characteristics of power system were studied and the integrated capacity of wind power and control strategies meeting the small signal stability were put forward.The opinion was put forward that the impacts of wind farms on the damping characteristics of power system will not be greater than that of the synchronous generators with the same capacities.
4.The impacts of wind disturbance on voltage regulation and frequency regulation of power system were studied.The opinion that the regulation of power flow on the interconnection lines between the grids restricts the integrated capacity of wind power was put forward.Based on the actual condition of Inner Mongolia power grid,an engineering practical method was put forward to calculate the integrated capacity of wind power under this restriction.The relationship between wind power and spinning reserve and the impacts of other related factors on the capacity of wind power were studied simultaneously.The impact of wind disturbance on voltage stability where the wind farms are located was studied also.
论文研究工作取得以下创新性研究成果:
1、将目前国际上较为成熟的风速模型、定桨距异步风力发电机组模型、变速恒频双馈风力发电机组模型及风电场建模处理方法加以适当改进,构建了适用于我国的含有风电场的电力系统稳定分析数学模型。在定桨距异步风力发电机组模型中,增加了一种新的功率系数拟合公式,以适应不同风能功率转换特性仿真;在变速恒频双馈风力发电机组模型中,增加了功率因数控制环节,以适用风电场恒机端电压和恒功率因数两种运行控制模式的仿真需要。
2、建立了实用化的含有风电场的电力系统大扰动稳定数学模型,通过微分方程和代数方程的交替迭代,完成含有风电场的电力系统大扰动稳定计算。结合内蒙古电网,分析了接入大容量风电场的电力系统功角稳定和电压稳定问题,提出了利用风力发电机组的低电压保护和电力系统安全自动装置相互配合的控制策略。
3、建立了实用化的含有风电场的电力系统小扰动稳定数学模型,将线性化的风电机组方程与系统原有线性化方程联立,形成含有风电机组的电力系统增广状态矩阵,采用PSASP软件的逆迭代转瑞利(Rayleigh)商迭代算法和稀疏矩阵技术求取大型状态矩阵特征值。结合内蒙古电网,分析了风电接入对电力系统振荡模式和振荡特性的影响及满足系统小扰动稳定要求的风电接入规模和运行控制方案;提出了风电场对电力系统阻尼特性的影响不会大于相同容量同步发电机组的观点。
4、研究了风速扰动对系统调压和调频的影响。提出了互联电网间联络线潮流调整限制风电接入容量的观点;结合内蒙古电网运行实际,提出一种工程实用方法,计算受此约束的风电接入容量,并分析了风电接入容量与系统旋转备用容量的关系及各种相关因素对风电接入容量的影响。研究了风速扰动对风电场所在地区电压稳定性的影响。
As a lot of wind farms with large capacities are being integrated in high voltage transmission network,more and more impacts will be brought on the security,stability, dispatching,operation and many other aspects of power system in our country and it is emergent to carry out the relevant work of theoretical research and system analysis. Aiming at the problem of analysis of security and stability of power system integrated with large capacity wind farms,the complete mathematical model was established in this dissertation and by large quantities of simulated calculations and theoretical analyses of a real grid,the determination method of acceptable capacity of wind power and the operational control strategies were put forward.The researching work has an important theoretical meaning and pragmatic value for the programming,designing, operation and policy-making of wind power industry.
The research work has made the following creative results:
1.The internationally matured model of wind speed,model of fixed pitch induction wind turbine generator,model of variable speed constant frequency doubly fed wind turbine generator and modeling method of wind farm were improved and the mathematical model of stability analysis of power system integrated with wind farms suitable to the conditions of our country was established.In the induction wind turbine generator model,a new fitting formula of power coefficient was added to adapt the different characteristics of power conversions,and in doubly fed wind turbine generator model,the power factor control link was added to meet the simulation needs of constant voltage control mode and constant power factor control mode of wind farms.
2.The practical mathematical model of large disturbance stability of power system integrated with wind farms was established and through the alternate iterations of differential equations and algebraic equations,the large disturbance stability analysis of power system with wind farms was accomplished.Combining Inner Mongolia power grid,the angle stability and voltage stability of power system with large capacity wind farms were analyzed and a control strategy was put forward through the cooperation of low voltage protection of wind turbine generators and automation equipment installed in the power system.
3.The practical mathematical model of small signal stability of power system integrated with wind farms was established.Combining the linearized equations of wind turbine generators with the original linearized equations of power system,the extended state matrix was established.Using the Inverse Iteration/Rayleigh Quotient Iteration algorithm and sparse matrix technology of PSASP,the large scale state matrix was evaluated.Through the calculation of Inner Mongolia power grid,the impacts of wind farms on the oscillation modes and oscillation characteristics of power system were studied and the integrated capacity of wind power and control strategies meeting the small signal stability were put forward.The opinion was put forward that the impacts of wind farms on the damping characteristics of power system will not be greater than that of the synchronous generators with the same capacities.
4.The impacts of wind disturbance on voltage regulation and frequency regulation of power system were studied.The opinion that the regulation of power flow on the interconnection lines between the grids restricts the integrated capacity of wind power was put forward.Based on the actual condition of Inner Mongolia power grid,an engineering practical method was put forward to calculate the integrated capacity of wind power under this restriction.The relationship between wind power and spinning reserve and the impacts of other related factors on the capacity of wind power were studied simultaneously.The impact of wind disturbance on voltage stability where the wind farms are located was studied also.
引文
[1]危师让.我国电力工业和发电技术未来发展趋势[J].中国电力,2006,39(10):1-5.
[2]郑健超.中国实现可持续能源供应的战略选择[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):1-5.
[3]吴敬儒,陈剑波.我国电力工业发展规划问题[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):11-14.
[4]李蒙,胡兆光.全面建设节能型社会的战略思路[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):6-10.
[5]Smith J W,Taylor J A,Brook D L,Dugan R C.Interconneetion studies for wind generation[C].IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference,23-25 May 2004,Pages:C3,1-8.
[6]Thiringer T,Petru T,Lundberg S.Flicker contribution from wind turbine installations[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(1):157-163.
[7]Saad-Saoud Z,Jenkins N.Models for predicting flicker induced by large wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):284-291.
[8]Papathanassiou S A,Papadopoulos M P.Harmonic analysis in a power system with wind generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21[4]:2006-2016.
[9]李锋,陆一川.大规模风力发电对电力系统的影响[J].中国电力,2006,39(11):80-84.
[10]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbody.风力发电与电力市场[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(10):1-5.
[11]Santos J,Jones L.High penetration of wind power in power systems:an ISO perspective[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,21-25 July 2002,Volume:1,Pages:509.
[12]中国风能协会网站(www.cwea.org.cn).
[13]Global Wind Energy Council\Greenpeace.Wind Force 12,A blueprint to achieve 12%of the world's electricity from wind power by 2020[R].June 2005.
[14]戴慧珠,陈默子,王伟胜,王晓蓉.中国风电发展现状及有关技术服务[J].中国电力,2005,38(1):80-84.
[15]张伯泉,杨宜民.风力和太阳能光伏发电现状及发展趋势[J].中国电力,2006,39(6):65-69.
[16]张粒子,李才华,罗鑫.促进我国可再生能源电力发展的政策框架研究[J].中国电力,2006,39(4):86-90.
[17]罗鑫,张粒子,李才华.可再生能源电力市场模式研究[J].中国电力,2006,39(9):32-36.
[18]施鹏飞.2005年中国风电产业回顾和未来5年的展望[J].中国电力,2006,39(9):16-18.
[19]王晓蓉,王伟胜,戴慧珠.我国风力发电现状和展望[J].中国电力,2004,37(1):81-84.
[20]张正敏.中国风力发电经济激励政策研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002-11.
[21]时璟丽.竞争性电力市场环境下可再生能源发电的国际发展经验和对我国的启示[J].中国电力,2007,40(6):61-65.
[22]Boehme T,Wallace A R,Harrison G P.Applying time series to power flow analysis in networks with high wind penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2007,22(3):951-957.
[23]Chen Z,Spooner E.Grid power quality with variable speed wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(2):148-154.
[24]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含分布式电源的配电网潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(1):35-40.
[25]Feijoo A E,Cidras J.Modeling of wind farms in the load flow analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2000,15(1):110-115.
[26]吴俊玲,周双喜,孙建峰,陈寿孙,孟庆和.并网风力发电场的最大注入功率分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(20):28-32.
[27]王海超,周双喜,鲁宗相,吴俊玲.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算的联合迭代方法及应用[J].电网技术,2005,29(18):59-62.
[28]吴义纯,丁明,张立军.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):36-39.
[29]陈金富,陈海焱,段献忠.含大型风电场的电力系统多时段动态优化潮流[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):31-35.
[30]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.含风电场电力系统的有功优化潮流[J].电网技术,2002,26(6):18-21.
[31]申洪,王伟胜,戴慧珠.变速恒频风力发电机组的无功功率极限[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):60-63.
[32]张义斌,王伟胜,戴慧珠.基于P-V曲线的风电场接入系统稳态分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(23):61-65.
[33]陈树勇,申洪,张洋,卜广全,印永华.基于遗传算法的风电场无功补偿及控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):1-6.
[34]郎永强,张学广,徐殿国,马洪飞,Hadianmrei S R.双馈电机风电场无功功率分析及控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):77-82.
[35]范高锋,王纯琦,乔元,赵海翔,薛锋,王伟胜.SVC补偿型定速风电机组模型及其特性分析[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):64-68.
[36]Saad-Saoud Z,Lisboa M L,Ekanayake J B,Jenkins N,Strbac G.Application of STATCOMs to wind farms[J].IEE Proceedings on Generation Transmission and Distibution,1998,145(5):511-516.
[37]陈星莺,刘孟觉,单渊达.超导储能单元在并网型风力发电系统的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12):63-66.
[38]Barton J P,Infield D G.Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):441-448.
[39]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.一种静态安全约束下确定电力系统风电准入功率极限的优化方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(6):25-28.
[40]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.基于机会约束规划的风电穿透功率极限计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):32-35.
[41]郑国强,鲍海,陈树勇.基于近似线性规划的风电场穿透功率极限优化的改进算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):68-71.
[42]Kabouris J,Vournas C D.Application of interruptible contracts to increase wind power penetration in congested areas[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1642-1649.
[43]Kabouris J,Vournas C D.Designing controls to increase wind power penetration in weakly connected areas of the Hellenic interconnected system[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1964-1969.
[44]吴学光,张学成,印永华.异步风力发电系统动态稳定性分析的数学模型及其应用[J].电网技术,1998,22(6):68-72.
[45]申洪,梁军,戴慧珠.基于电力系统暂态稳定分析的风电场穿透功率极限研究[J].电网技术,2002,26(8):8-11.
[46]Usaola J,Ledesma P,Rodriguez J M,Fernandez J L,Beato D,Iturbe R,Wilhelmi J R.Transient stability studies in grids with great wind power penetration:modeling issues and operation requirements[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17July2003,Volume:3,Pages:1534-1541.
[47]Palsson M P,Toftevaag T,Uhlen K,Tande J O G.Control concepts to enable increased wind power penetration[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1984-1990.
[48]Usaola J,Ledesma P.Dynamic incidence of wind turbines in networks with high wind penetration[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,15-19 July 2001,Volume:2,Pages:755-760.
[49]Rodriguez J M,Fernandez J L,Beato D,Iturbe R,Usaola J,Ledesma P,Wilhelmi J R.Incidence on power system dynamics of high penetration of fixed speed and doubly fed wind energy systems:study of the Spanish case[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(4):1089-1095.
[50]Ekanayake J B,Holdsworth L,Wu X,Jenkins N.Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809.
[51]杨秀媛,肖洋,陈树勇.风电场风速和发电功率预测研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):1-5.
[52]Pinson P,Katiniotakis G N.Wind power forecasting using fuzzy neural networks enhanced with on-line prediction risk assessment[C].IEEE Bologna Power Technical Conference,23-26 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:64-71.
[53]Alexiadis M C,Dokopoulos P S,Sahsamanoglou H S.Wind speed and power forecasting based on spatial correlation models[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):836-842.
[54]Damousis I G,Dokopoulos P.A fuzzy expert system for the forecasting of wind speed and power generation in wind farms[C].22nd IEEE Power Engineering Society International Conference,20-24 May 2001,Pages:63-69.
[55]Papazoglou T M,Gigandidou A.Impact and benefits of distributed wind generation on quality and security in the case of the Cretan EPS[C].CIGRE/IEEE PES International Symposium,8-10 October 2003,Pages:193-197.
[56]Soder L.Reserve margin planning in a wind-hydro-thermal power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1993,8(2):564-571.
[57]Hatziargyriou N,Contaxis G,Matos M,Pecas Lopes J A,Kariniotakis G,Mayer D,Halliday J,Dutton G,Dokopoulos P,Bakirtzis A,Stefanakis J,Gigantidou A,O'Donnell P,McCoy D,Fernandes M J,Cotrim J M S,Figueira A P.Energy management and control of island power systems with increased penetration from renewable sources[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,27-31January 2002,Volume:1,Pages:335-339.
[58]Doherty R,O'Malley M.Quantifying reserve demands due to increasing wind power penetration[C].IEEE Bologna Power Technical Conference,23-26 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:59-63.
[59]Bathurst G N,Weatherill J,Strbac G.Trading wind generation in short term energy markets[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(3):782-789.
[60]Castro R,Ferreira L.A Comparison between chronological and probabilistic methods to estimate wind power capacity credit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2001,16(4):904-909.
[61]Wang P,Billinton R.Reliability benefit analysis of adding WTG to a distribution system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(2):134-139.
[62]Karki R,Billinton R.Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(4):368-373.
[63]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.风电对电力系统运行的价值分析[J].电网技术,2002,26(5):10-14.
[64]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信.风电场的发电可靠性模型及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(3):26-29.
[65]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信.含风电场的电力系统随机生产模拟[J].中国电力,2000,33(3):30-31,69.
[66]王海超,鲁宗相,周双喜.风电场发电容量可信度研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):103-106.
[67]Karki R,Billinton R.Cost-effective wind energy utilization for reliable power supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):435-440.
[68]Rabelo B,Hofmann W.Wind generator control in compliance with new norms[C].2003 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,9-11 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:798-803.
[69]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20):62-67.
[70]黄科元,贺益康,卞松江.矩阵式变换器交流励磁的变速恒频风力发电系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(11):100-105.
[71]刘其辉,贺益康,卞松江.变速恒频风力发电机空载并网控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(3):6-11.
[72]黄守道,王耀南,王毅,高剑.无刷双馈电机有功和无功功率控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):87-93.
[73]苑国锋,柴建云,李永东.变速恒频风力发电机组励磁变频器的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):90-94.
[74]苑国锋,柴建云,李永东.新型转子电流混合控制的变速恒频异步发电系统[J].电网技术,2005,29(15):76-80.
[75]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.考虑变频器特性的变速恒频双馈风力发电机组控制策略的研究与仿真[J].电网技术,2004,28(21):11-15.
[76]李晶,方勇,宋家骅.变速恒频双馈风电机组分段分层控制策略的研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(9):15-21.
[77]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序用户自定义模型和程序接口用户手册6.0[M].
[78]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序暂态稳定计算用户手册6.1[M].
[79]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序小干扰稳定用户手册6.1[M].
[80]王海超.风力发电并网问题研究[D].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,2006-04.
[81]Xueguang Wu,Weisheng Wang,Huizhu Dai,Yunping Chen.Application of models of the wind energy conversion system to wind power dynamic analysis[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,1998,Pages:1406-1411.
[82]Slootweg J G,Polinder H,Kling W L.Initialization of wind turbine models in power system dynamics simulations[C].IEEE Porto Power Technical Conference,10-13 September 2001,Volume:4,Pages:6-11.
[83]Trudnowski D J,Gentile A,Khan J M,Petritz E M.Fixed-speed wind-generator and wind-park modeling for transient stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(4):1911-1917.
[84]Mota W S,Barros L S,Pamplona F M P,EpaminondasAN,Filho E RB,Formiga A M,Santos A A F.Wind generation dynamic simulation connected to an electric power system[C].IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition:Latin America,2004,Pages:179-184.
[85]Castro R M G,Jesus J M F.A wind park reduced order model using singular perturbations theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1996,11(4):735-741.
[86]孙建锋,焦连伟,吴俊玲,周双喜,陈寿孙.风电场发电机动态等值问题的研究[J].电网技术,2004,28(7):58-61.
[87]Xu L,Wang Y.Dynamic modeling and control of DFIG-based wind turbines under unbalanced network conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(1):314-323.
[88]Piwko R,Miller N,Sanchez-Gasca J,Yuan X,Dai R,Lyons J.Integrating large wind farms into weak power grids with long transmission lines[C].IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition:Asia and Pacific,2005,Pages:1-7.
[89]Miller N W,Sanchez-Gasca J J,Price W W,Delmerico R W.Dynamic modeling of GE 1.5 and 3.6MW wind turbine-generators for stability simulations[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1977-1983.
[90]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.大型变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):100-105.
[91]李晶,王伟胜,宋家骅.双馈感应发电机的线性化动态模型及运行特性分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(13):13-17.
[92]李晶,王伟胜,宋家骅.变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].电网技术,2003,27(9):14-17.
[93]李东东,陈陈.风力发电机组动态模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):115-119.
[94]迟永宁,王伟胜,戴慧珠.改善基于双馈感应发电机的并网风电场暂态电压稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(5):25-31.
[95]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002-08.
[96]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbody.国外风力发电导则及动态模型简介[J].电网技术,2005,25(12):27-32.
[97]吴学光,陈树勇,戴慧珠.最小误差逼近算法在风电场风能资源特性分析中的应用[J].电网技术,1998,22(7):69-70,74.
[98]Jangamshetti S H,Guruprasada Rau V.Optimum siting of wind turbine generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(1):8-13.
[99]丁明,吴义纯,张立军.风电场风速概率分布参数计算方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):107-110.
[100]Nichita C,Luca D,Dakyo B,Ceanga E.Large band simulation of the wind speed for real time wind turbine simulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2002,17(4):523-529.
[101]李东东,陈陈.风力发电系统动态仿真的风速模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(21):41-44.
[102]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,戴慧珠.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(36):68-72.
[103]王耀南,孙春顺,李欣然.用实测风速校正的短期风速仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(11):94-100.
[104]Anderson P M,Bose A.Stability simulation of wind turbine systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,102(12):3791-3795.
[105]曹娜,赵海翔,陈默子,戴慧珠.潮流计算中风电场的等值[J].电网技术,2006,30(9):53-56.
[106]Breuer W,Christi N.大容量陆地和海上风电场的电网接入方案[J].中国电力,2007,40(3):74-78.
[107]Power System Damping Ad Hoc Task Force of the Power System Dynamic Performance Committee.Damping representation for power system stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(1):151-157.
[108]Pereira L,Kosterev D,Davies D,Patterson S.New thermal governor model selection and validation in the WECC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):517-523.
[109]Performance and Modeling Working Group of the Excitation Systems Subcommittee,Energy Development and Power Generation Committee.Underexcitation limiter models for power system stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(3):524-531.
[110]Performance and Modeling Working Group of the Excitation Systems Subcommittee,Energy Development and Power Generation Committee.Recommended models for overexcitation limiting devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(4):706-713.
[111]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中.大电网系统技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1995-06.
[112]关根泰次(日),蒋建民译.电力系统暂态解析论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989-12.
[113]余贻鑫,陈礼仪.电力系统的安全性和稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1988-07.
[114]Kundur P,Paserba J,Ajjarapu V,Andersson G,Bose A,Canizares C,Hatziargyriou N,Hill D,Stankovic A,Taylor C,Van Cutsem T,Vittal V.Definition and classification of power system stability,IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):1387-1401.
[115]Ullah N R,Thiringer T,Karlsson D.Voltage and transient stability support by wind farms complying with the E.ON Netz Grid Code[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1647-1656.
[116]Coughlan Y,Smith P,Mullane A,O'Malley M.Wind turbine modeling for power system stability analysis-A system operator perspective[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(3):929-936.
[117]Andersson D,Petersson A,Agneholm E,Karlsson D.Kriegers Flak 640 MW off-shore wind power grid connection-A real project case study[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):79-85.
[118]Chompoo-inwai C,Lee W J,Fuangfoo P,Williams M,Liao J R.System impact study for the interconnection of wind generation and utility system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(1):163-168.
[119]Chompoo-inwai C,Yingvivatanapong C,Methaprayoon K,Lee W J.Reactive compensation techniques to improve the ride-through capacity of wind turbine during disturbance[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(3):666-672.
[120]中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.DL755-2001.电力系统安全稳定导则[S].北京:世界图书出版公司,2001-04-28.
[121]国家电网公司.电力系统安全稳定计算规定[S].2006-03-15.
[122]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T1040-2007.电网运行准则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2007-07-20.
[123]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/Z19963-2005.风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005-12-12.
[124]Erlich I,Shewarega F.Interaction of large wind power generation plants with the power system[C].First International Power and Energy Conference,28-29November2006,Putrajaya,Malaysia,Pages:12-18.
[125]陈向宜,陈允平,李春艳,邓长虹.构建大电网安全防御体系[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):4-8.
[126]姚骏,廖勇,唐建平.电网短路故障时交流励磁风力发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(30):64-71.
[127]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):164-170.
[128]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):130-135.
[129]胡家兵,孙丹,贺益康,赵仁德.电网电压骤降故障下双馈风力发电机建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(8):21-26.
[130]Nicolas C V,Blazquez F,Ramirez D,Lafoz Marcos,Iglesias J.Guidelines for the design and control of electrical generator systems for new grid connected wind turbine generators[C].IEEE 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,5-8 November 2002,Volume:4,Pages:3317-3325.
[131]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1994.
[132]汤宏,吴俊玲,周双喜.包含风电场电力系统的小干扰稳定分析建模和仿真[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):38-41.
[133]孙衢,徐光虎,陈陈.负荷模型动态特性不确定性对低频振荡的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(10):11-14,66.
[134]鞠平.电力系统负荷建模理论与实践[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(19):1-7.
[135]Hagstrom E,Norheim I,Uhlen K.Large scale wind power integration in Norway and effect on damping in the Nordic Grid[J].Wind Energy,2005,8(3):375-384.
[136]Rouco L,Zmora J L.Dynamic patterns and model order reduction in small signal models of doubly fed induction generator for wind power applications[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,18-22 June 2006,Pages:1-8.
[137]关宏亮,迟永宁.异步风电机组接入系统的小干扰稳定及控制[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(4):54-58.
[138]Papantonious A.Modeling and simulation of the effects of grid connected wind farms on the Cyprus Electricity Grid[C].10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference,29-31 May2000,Volume:3,Pages:1145-1148.
[139]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002-05.
[140]Kundur P,Rogers G J,Wong D Y,Wang L,Lauby M G.A comprehensive computer program for small signal stability analysis of power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1990,5(4):1076-1083.
[141]翁斌伟,励刚,陈陈.电力系统小信号稳定分析的面向对象建模方法[J].电网技术,2000,24(10):15-18.
[142]Lopez J,Sanchis P,Roboam X,Marroyo L.Dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction generator during three-phase voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):709-717.
[143]Ledesma P,Usaola J.Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2):388-397.
[144]Slootweg J G,Polinder H,Kling W L.Representing wind turbi(?) electrical generating systems in fundamental frequency simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):516-524.
[145]Kabouris J,Koronides A,Maissis A.Wind power integration into electricity networks in Greece[C].10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference,29-31May 2000,Volume:3,Pages:1157-1160.
[146]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含风电场电力系统经济调度的模糊建模及优化算法[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(2):22-26.
[147]Ko H S,Yoon G G,Hong W P.Active use of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbine for voltage regulation at a remote location[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1916-1925.
[148]Ullah N R,Thiringer T.Variable speed wind turbines for power system stability enhancement[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):52-60.
[149]Muljadi E,Butterfield C P,Parsons B,Ellis A.Effect of variable speed wind turbine generator on stability of a weak grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):29-36.
[150]Bozhko S V,Blasco-Gimenez R,Li R,Clare J C,Asher G M.Control of offshore DFIG-based wind farm grid with line-commutated HVDC connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):71-78.
[2]郑健超.中国实现可持续能源供应的战略选择[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):1-5.
[3]吴敬儒,陈剑波.我国电力工业发展规划问题[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):11-14.
[4]李蒙,胡兆光.全面建设节能型社会的战略思路[J].中国电力,2005,38(9):6-10.
[5]Smith J W,Taylor J A,Brook D L,Dugan R C.Interconneetion studies for wind generation[C].IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference,23-25 May 2004,Pages:C3,1-8.
[6]Thiringer T,Petru T,Lundberg S.Flicker contribution from wind turbine installations[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(1):157-163.
[7]Saad-Saoud Z,Jenkins N.Models for predicting flicker induced by large wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):284-291.
[8]Papathanassiou S A,Papadopoulos M P.Harmonic analysis in a power system with wind generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21[4]:2006-2016.
[9]李锋,陆一川.大规模风力发电对电力系统的影响[J].中国电力,2006,39(11):80-84.
[10]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbody.风力发电与电力市场[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(10):1-5.
[11]Santos J,Jones L.High penetration of wind power in power systems:an ISO perspective[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,21-25 July 2002,Volume:1,Pages:509.
[12]中国风能协会网站(www.cwea.org.cn).
[13]Global Wind Energy Council\Greenpeace.Wind Force 12,A blueprint to achieve 12%of the world's electricity from wind power by 2020[R].June 2005.
[14]戴慧珠,陈默子,王伟胜,王晓蓉.中国风电发展现状及有关技术服务[J].中国电力,2005,38(1):80-84.
[15]张伯泉,杨宜民.风力和太阳能光伏发电现状及发展趋势[J].中国电力,2006,39(6):65-69.
[16]张粒子,李才华,罗鑫.促进我国可再生能源电力发展的政策框架研究[J].中国电力,2006,39(4):86-90.
[17]罗鑫,张粒子,李才华.可再生能源电力市场模式研究[J].中国电力,2006,39(9):32-36.
[18]施鹏飞.2005年中国风电产业回顾和未来5年的展望[J].中国电力,2006,39(9):16-18.
[19]王晓蓉,王伟胜,戴慧珠.我国风力发电现状和展望[J].中国电力,2004,37(1):81-84.
[20]张正敏.中国风力发电经济激励政策研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002-11.
[21]时璟丽.竞争性电力市场环境下可再生能源发电的国际发展经验和对我国的启示[J].中国电力,2007,40(6):61-65.
[22]Boehme T,Wallace A R,Harrison G P.Applying time series to power flow analysis in networks with high wind penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2007,22(3):951-957.
[23]Chen Z,Spooner E.Grid power quality with variable speed wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(2):148-154.
[24]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含分布式电源的配电网潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(1):35-40.
[25]Feijoo A E,Cidras J.Modeling of wind farms in the load flow analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2000,15(1):110-115.
[26]吴俊玲,周双喜,孙建峰,陈寿孙,孟庆和.并网风力发电场的最大注入功率分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(20):28-32.
[27]王海超,周双喜,鲁宗相,吴俊玲.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算的联合迭代方法及应用[J].电网技术,2005,29(18):59-62.
[28]吴义纯,丁明,张立军.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):36-39.
[29]陈金富,陈海焱,段献忠.含大型风电场的电力系统多时段动态优化潮流[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):31-35.
[30]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.含风电场电力系统的有功优化潮流[J].电网技术,2002,26(6):18-21.
[31]申洪,王伟胜,戴慧珠.变速恒频风力发电机组的无功功率极限[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):60-63.
[32]张义斌,王伟胜,戴慧珠.基于P-V曲线的风电场接入系统稳态分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(23):61-65.
[33]陈树勇,申洪,张洋,卜广全,印永华.基于遗传算法的风电场无功补偿及控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):1-6.
[34]郎永强,张学广,徐殿国,马洪飞,Hadianmrei S R.双馈电机风电场无功功率分析及控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):77-82.
[35]范高锋,王纯琦,乔元,赵海翔,薛锋,王伟胜.SVC补偿型定速风电机组模型及其特性分析[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):64-68.
[36]Saad-Saoud Z,Lisboa M L,Ekanayake J B,Jenkins N,Strbac G.Application of STATCOMs to wind farms[J].IEE Proceedings on Generation Transmission and Distibution,1998,145(5):511-516.
[37]陈星莺,刘孟觉,单渊达.超导储能单元在并网型风力发电系统的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(12):63-66.
[38]Barton J P,Infield D G.Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):441-448.
[39]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.一种静态安全约束下确定电力系统风电准入功率极限的优化方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(6):25-28.
[40]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.基于机会约束规划的风电穿透功率极限计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):32-35.
[41]郑国强,鲍海,陈树勇.基于近似线性规划的风电场穿透功率极限优化的改进算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):68-71.
[42]Kabouris J,Vournas C D.Application of interruptible contracts to increase wind power penetration in congested areas[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1642-1649.
[43]Kabouris J,Vournas C D.Designing controls to increase wind power penetration in weakly connected areas of the Hellenic interconnected system[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1964-1969.
[44]吴学光,张学成,印永华.异步风力发电系统动态稳定性分析的数学模型及其应用[J].电网技术,1998,22(6):68-72.
[45]申洪,梁军,戴慧珠.基于电力系统暂态稳定分析的风电场穿透功率极限研究[J].电网技术,2002,26(8):8-11.
[46]Usaola J,Ledesma P,Rodriguez J M,Fernandez J L,Beato D,Iturbe R,Wilhelmi J R.Transient stability studies in grids with great wind power penetration:modeling issues and operation requirements[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17July2003,Volume:3,Pages:1534-1541.
[47]Palsson M P,Toftevaag T,Uhlen K,Tande J O G.Control concepts to enable increased wind power penetration[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1984-1990.
[48]Usaola J,Ledesma P.Dynamic incidence of wind turbines in networks with high wind penetration[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,15-19 July 2001,Volume:2,Pages:755-760.
[49]Rodriguez J M,Fernandez J L,Beato D,Iturbe R,Usaola J,Ledesma P,Wilhelmi J R.Incidence on power system dynamics of high penetration of fixed speed and doubly fed wind energy systems:study of the Spanish case[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(4):1089-1095.
[50]Ekanayake J B,Holdsworth L,Wu X,Jenkins N.Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809.
[51]杨秀媛,肖洋,陈树勇.风电场风速和发电功率预测研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):1-5.
[52]Pinson P,Katiniotakis G N.Wind power forecasting using fuzzy neural networks enhanced with on-line prediction risk assessment[C].IEEE Bologna Power Technical Conference,23-26 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:64-71.
[53]Alexiadis M C,Dokopoulos P S,Sahsamanoglou H S.Wind speed and power forecasting based on spatial correlation models[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):836-842.
[54]Damousis I G,Dokopoulos P.A fuzzy expert system for the forecasting of wind speed and power generation in wind farms[C].22nd IEEE Power Engineering Society International Conference,20-24 May 2001,Pages:63-69.
[55]Papazoglou T M,Gigandidou A.Impact and benefits of distributed wind generation on quality and security in the case of the Cretan EPS[C].CIGRE/IEEE PES International Symposium,8-10 October 2003,Pages:193-197.
[56]Soder L.Reserve margin planning in a wind-hydro-thermal power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1993,8(2):564-571.
[57]Hatziargyriou N,Contaxis G,Matos M,Pecas Lopes J A,Kariniotakis G,Mayer D,Halliday J,Dutton G,Dokopoulos P,Bakirtzis A,Stefanakis J,Gigantidou A,O'Donnell P,McCoy D,Fernandes M J,Cotrim J M S,Figueira A P.Energy management and control of island power systems with increased penetration from renewable sources[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,27-31January 2002,Volume:1,Pages:335-339.
[58]Doherty R,O'Malley M.Quantifying reserve demands due to increasing wind power penetration[C].IEEE Bologna Power Technical Conference,23-26 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:59-63.
[59]Bathurst G N,Weatherill J,Strbac G.Trading wind generation in short term energy markets[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(3):782-789.
[60]Castro R,Ferreira L.A Comparison between chronological and probabilistic methods to estimate wind power capacity credit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2001,16(4):904-909.
[61]Wang P,Billinton R.Reliability benefit analysis of adding WTG to a distribution system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(2):134-139.
[62]Karki R,Billinton R.Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(4):368-373.
[63]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华,戴慧珠.风电对电力系统运行的价值分析[J].电网技术,2002,26(5):10-14.
[64]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信.风电场的发电可靠性模型及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(3):26-29.
[65]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信.含风电场的电力系统随机生产模拟[J].中国电力,2000,33(3):30-31,69.
[66]王海超,鲁宗相,周双喜.风电场发电容量可信度研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):103-106.
[67]Karki R,Billinton R.Cost-effective wind energy utilization for reliable power supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):435-440.
[68]Rabelo B,Hofmann W.Wind generator control in compliance with new norms[C].2003 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,9-11 June 2003,Volume:2,Pages:798-803.
[69]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20):62-67.
[70]黄科元,贺益康,卞松江.矩阵式变换器交流励磁的变速恒频风力发电系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(11):100-105.
[71]刘其辉,贺益康,卞松江.变速恒频风力发电机空载并网控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(3):6-11.
[72]黄守道,王耀南,王毅,高剑.无刷双馈电机有功和无功功率控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):87-93.
[73]苑国锋,柴建云,李永东.变速恒频风力发电机组励磁变频器的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):90-94.
[74]苑国锋,柴建云,李永东.新型转子电流混合控制的变速恒频异步发电系统[J].电网技术,2005,29(15):76-80.
[75]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.考虑变频器特性的变速恒频双馈风力发电机组控制策略的研究与仿真[J].电网技术,2004,28(21):11-15.
[76]李晶,方勇,宋家骅.变速恒频双馈风电机组分段分层控制策略的研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(9):15-21.
[77]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序用户自定义模型和程序接口用户手册6.0[M].
[78]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序暂态稳定计算用户手册6.1[M].
[79]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统分析综合程序小干扰稳定用户手册6.1[M].
[80]王海超.风力发电并网问题研究[D].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,2006-04.
[81]Xueguang Wu,Weisheng Wang,Huizhu Dai,Yunping Chen.Application of models of the wind energy conversion system to wind power dynamic analysis[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,1998,Pages:1406-1411.
[82]Slootweg J G,Polinder H,Kling W L.Initialization of wind turbine models in power system dynamics simulations[C].IEEE Porto Power Technical Conference,10-13 September 2001,Volume:4,Pages:6-11.
[83]Trudnowski D J,Gentile A,Khan J M,Petritz E M.Fixed-speed wind-generator and wind-park modeling for transient stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(4):1911-1917.
[84]Mota W S,Barros L S,Pamplona F M P,EpaminondasAN,Filho E RB,Formiga A M,Santos A A F.Wind generation dynamic simulation connected to an electric power system[C].IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition:Latin America,2004,Pages:179-184.
[85]Castro R M G,Jesus J M F.A wind park reduced order model using singular perturbations theory[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1996,11(4):735-741.
[86]孙建锋,焦连伟,吴俊玲,周双喜,陈寿孙.风电场发电机动态等值问题的研究[J].电网技术,2004,28(7):58-61.
[87]Xu L,Wang Y.Dynamic modeling and control of DFIG-based wind turbines under unbalanced network conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(1):314-323.
[88]Piwko R,Miller N,Sanchez-Gasca J,Yuan X,Dai R,Lyons J.Integrating large wind farms into weak power grids with long transmission lines[C].IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition:Asia and Pacific,2005,Pages:1-7.
[89]Miller N W,Sanchez-Gasca J J,Price W W,Delmerico R W.Dynamic modeling of GE 1.5 and 3.6MW wind turbine-generators for stability simulations[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,13-17 July 2003,Volume:3,Pages:1977-1983.
[90]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.大型变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):100-105.
[91]李晶,王伟胜,宋家骅.双馈感应发电机的线性化动态模型及运行特性分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(13):13-17.
[92]李晶,王伟胜,宋家骅.变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].电网技术,2003,27(9):14-17.
[93]李东东,陈陈.风力发电机组动态模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):115-119.
[94]迟永宁,王伟胜,戴慧珠.改善基于双馈感应发电机的并网风电场暂态电压稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(5):25-31.
[95]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002-08.
[96]雷亚洲,Gordon Lightbody.国外风力发电导则及动态模型简介[J].电网技术,2005,25(12):27-32.
[97]吴学光,陈树勇,戴慧珠.最小误差逼近算法在风电场风能资源特性分析中的应用[J].电网技术,1998,22(7):69-70,74.
[98]Jangamshetti S H,Guruprasada Rau V.Optimum siting of wind turbine generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2001,16(1):8-13.
[99]丁明,吴义纯,张立军.风电场风速概率分布参数计算方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):107-110.
[100]Nichita C,Luca D,Dakyo B,Ceanga E.Large band simulation of the wind speed for real time wind turbine simulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2002,17(4):523-529.
[101]李东东,陈陈.风力发电系统动态仿真的风速模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(21):41-44.
[102]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,戴慧珠.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(36):68-72.
[103]王耀南,孙春顺,李欣然.用实测风速校正的短期风速仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(11):94-100.
[104]Anderson P M,Bose A.Stability simulation of wind turbine systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,102(12):3791-3795.
[105]曹娜,赵海翔,陈默子,戴慧珠.潮流计算中风电场的等值[J].电网技术,2006,30(9):53-56.
[106]Breuer W,Christi N.大容量陆地和海上风电场的电网接入方案[J].中国电力,2007,40(3):74-78.
[107]Power System Damping Ad Hoc Task Force of the Power System Dynamic Performance Committee.Damping representation for power system stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(1):151-157.
[108]Pereira L,Kosterev D,Davies D,Patterson S.New thermal governor model selection and validation in the WECC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):517-523.
[109]Performance and Modeling Working Group of the Excitation Systems Subcommittee,Energy Development and Power Generation Committee.Underexcitation limiter models for power system stability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(3):524-531.
[110]Performance and Modeling Working Group of the Excitation Systems Subcommittee,Energy Development and Power Generation Committee.Recommended models for overexcitation limiting devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(4):706-713.
[111]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中.大电网系统技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1995-06.
[112]关根泰次(日),蒋建民译.电力系统暂态解析论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989-12.
[113]余贻鑫,陈礼仪.电力系统的安全性和稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1988-07.
[114]Kundur P,Paserba J,Ajjarapu V,Andersson G,Bose A,Canizares C,Hatziargyriou N,Hill D,Stankovic A,Taylor C,Van Cutsem T,Vittal V.Definition and classification of power system stability,IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):1387-1401.
[115]Ullah N R,Thiringer T,Karlsson D.Voltage and transient stability support by wind farms complying with the E.ON Netz Grid Code[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1647-1656.
[116]Coughlan Y,Smith P,Mullane A,O'Malley M.Wind turbine modeling for power system stability analysis-A system operator perspective[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(3):929-936.
[117]Andersson D,Petersson A,Agneholm E,Karlsson D.Kriegers Flak 640 MW off-shore wind power grid connection-A real project case study[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):79-85.
[118]Chompoo-inwai C,Lee W J,Fuangfoo P,Williams M,Liao J R.System impact study for the interconnection of wind generation and utility system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(1):163-168.
[119]Chompoo-inwai C,Yingvivatanapong C,Methaprayoon K,Lee W J.Reactive compensation techniques to improve the ride-through capacity of wind turbine during disturbance[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(3):666-672.
[120]中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.DL755-2001.电力系统安全稳定导则[S].北京:世界图书出版公司,2001-04-28.
[121]国家电网公司.电力系统安全稳定计算规定[S].2006-03-15.
[122]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T1040-2007.电网运行准则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2007-07-20.
[123]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/Z19963-2005.风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005-12-12.
[124]Erlich I,Shewarega F.Interaction of large wind power generation plants with the power system[C].First International Power and Energy Conference,28-29November2006,Putrajaya,Malaysia,Pages:12-18.
[125]陈向宜,陈允平,李春艳,邓长虹.构建大电网安全防御体系[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):4-8.
[126]姚骏,廖勇,唐建平.电网短路故障时交流励磁风力发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(30):64-71.
[127]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的励磁控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):164-170.
[128]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):130-135.
[129]胡家兵,孙丹,贺益康,赵仁德.电网电压骤降故障下双馈风力发电机建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(8):21-26.
[130]Nicolas C V,Blazquez F,Ramirez D,Lafoz Marcos,Iglesias J.Guidelines for the design and control of electrical generator systems for new grid connected wind turbine generators[C].IEEE 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,5-8 November 2002,Volume:4,Pages:3317-3325.
[131]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1994.
[132]汤宏,吴俊玲,周双喜.包含风电场电力系统的小干扰稳定分析建模和仿真[J].电网技术,2004,28(1):38-41.
[133]孙衢,徐光虎,陈陈.负荷模型动态特性不确定性对低频振荡的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(10):11-14,66.
[134]鞠平.电力系统负荷建模理论与实践[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(19):1-7.
[135]Hagstrom E,Norheim I,Uhlen K.Large scale wind power integration in Norway and effect on damping in the Nordic Grid[J].Wind Energy,2005,8(3):375-384.
[136]Rouco L,Zmora J L.Dynamic patterns and model order reduction in small signal models of doubly fed induction generator for wind power applications[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,18-22 June 2006,Pages:1-8.
[137]关宏亮,迟永宁.异步风电机组接入系统的小干扰稳定及控制[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(4):54-58.
[138]Papantonious A.Modeling and simulation of the effects of grid connected wind farms on the Cyprus Electricity Grid[C].10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference,29-31 May2000,Volume:3,Pages:1145-1148.
[139]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002-05.
[140]Kundur P,Rogers G J,Wong D Y,Wang L,Lauby M G.A comprehensive computer program for small signal stability analysis of power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1990,5(4):1076-1083.
[141]翁斌伟,励刚,陈陈.电力系统小信号稳定分析的面向对象建模方法[J].电网技术,2000,24(10):15-18.
[142]Lopez J,Sanchis P,Roboam X,Marroyo L.Dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction generator during three-phase voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):709-717.
[143]Ledesma P,Usaola J.Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2):388-397.
[144]Slootweg J G,Polinder H,Kling W L.Representing wind turbi(?) electrical generating systems in fundamental frequency simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):516-524.
[145]Kabouris J,Koronides A,Maissis A.Wind power integration into electricity networks in Greece[C].10th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference,29-31May 2000,Volume:3,Pages:1157-1160.
[146]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含风电场电力系统经济调度的模糊建模及优化算法[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(2):22-26.
[147]Ko H S,Yoon G G,Hong W P.Active use of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbine for voltage regulation at a remote location[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1916-1925.
[148]Ullah N R,Thiringer T.Variable speed wind turbines for power system stability enhancement[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):52-60.
[149]Muljadi E,Butterfield C P,Parsons B,Ellis A.Effect of variable speed wind turbine generator on stability of a weak grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):29-36.
[150]Bozhko S V,Blasco-Gimenez R,Li R,Clare J C,Asher G M.Control of offshore DFIG-based wind farm grid with line-commutated HVDC connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):71-78.