气浮筒型基础拖航稳性和动力响应研究
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摘要
筒型基础作为一种新型的基础形式已经广泛的应用于海洋资源的开发。基于作为近海风电场快速建造的“大尺度筒型基础的浮运拖航”关键技术以及作为边际油田开发的基础形式的研究背景，对海洋环境荷载作用下筒型基础的运动响应进行研究并分析筒内气－水的相互作用、航速以及基础吃水深度等因素对拖航安全性的影响是很有必要的。由于对气浮结构在波浪中的运动响应的研究较少，所以通过理论计算、模型试验和数值模拟的方式探讨气浮筒型基础在波浪下的响应，可以为筒型基础的快速施工以及筒型基础作为海上结构的基础的推广和应用提供参考和依据。
基于传统浮体的稳性计算理论，通过气浮力折减系数对初稳性进行修正，并且通过气垫压缩系数对形状稳性臂进行修正计算大倾角稳性，提出了大尺度筒型基础的分舱优化技术。
通过引入考虑气垫影响的无因次参数α处理筒内气水界面的非线性边界条件，基于三维势流理论采用半解析法的特征函数展开和匹配渐进法对气浮筒型基础结构的垂荡、横荡和纵摇下辐射运动的基本规律进行研究。
通过分析筒型基础在波浪中的受力机理，将筒内气体的作用等效为阻尼作用形式，建立了筒型基础在波浪中的运动方程，研究气浮筒型基础的自身摇荡特性；通过对规则波作用下的运动分析得到气浮筒型基础结构在波浪作用下运动和受力频率响应函数；通过将不规则波等效为各态历经的随机过程，采用时域和频域相结合的方法对气浮筒型基础结构在随机波中的运动和响应进行了预测。
基于模型试验对在波浪中由多个小直径筒型基础结构组成的筒群结构在不同干舷高度、拖航速度和水深等因素下的筒内气压力、筒底水压力、筒的X、Y、Z方向的加速度以及拖航过程中拖缆力的测量数据，并且结合水动力学软件MOSES对该气浮结构进行数值模拟。通过试验和数值模拟对比分析，研究拖航系统在波浪中运动和响应的规律。
Bucket foundation has been widely used as a new style foundation in theexploitation of ocean resources. Based on the background of the key technologies ofair-cushion towing of the rapid construc tion of large-scale bucket foundation inoffshore wind farms and the foundation type in exploitation of marginal oil fields，it isnecessary to study the m otion responses of bucket foundation and analyze theinteraction between air and water in the bucket、the towing speed、the draft and otherfactors that have influence on the towing security. Due to the less study on the motionresponses of air-floating structures in wa ve, the responses are investigated by themethod of theoretical calcu lations, model tests and numerical simulation. T hereference and evidence can be provided for the rapid construction in offshoreengineering and the application and promotion of bucket foundation as the foundationof offshore structure。
Based on the stability theory of tradition al floating body，the initial stability ismodified by the air buoyancy decreasing coefficient and the stability at large angles ofinclination is calculated by th e modification on the level of form stability by aircushion compression coefficient.T he subdivision optimization technology of largescale bucket foundation is put forward.
The nonlinear boundary conditions on the ga s-water interface in the bucket arecoped with by the introduction of the dim ensionless parameterαconsidering theinfluence of air cushion. Based on the thre e-dimensional potential flow theory usingthe semi analytical m ethod of eigenfunc tion expansion and progressive m atchingmethod，the basic laws of heave、sway and pitch are studied.
Through the mechanism analysis of bucket foundation in wave, the equation ofmotion of bucket foundation in wave is established by cons idering air effect as theform of da mping and the self-oscillator y characteristics of bucket foundation isstudied. The frequency response f unction of dynamic response to wave action isobtained by the response analysis in regular wave；with the irregular wave regarded asstationary ergodic Gaussian random processes，the prediction about m otion andresponse in random wave is made by the combination of time domain and frequencydomain.
Model tests about m ulti-bucket foundation composed of som e air-floatingstructure with small diameter are taken. The data about air pressure in bucket、waterpressure at the bottom of bucket、acceleration in the direction of X, Y, Z and th etension in the towing point are measured under the conditions of different freeboard、towing speed and water depth..The numerical simulation for the model is carried outby the marine software MOSES. Analysis of towing system in wave is perform ed bythe combination of test and simulation to the basic law of response and movement.
基于传统浮体的稳性计算理论，通过气浮力折减系数对初稳性进行修正，并且通过气垫压缩系数对形状稳性臂进行修正计算大倾角稳性，提出了大尺度筒型基础的分舱优化技术。
通过引入考虑气垫影响的无因次参数α处理筒内气水界面的非线性边界条件，基于三维势流理论采用半解析法的特征函数展开和匹配渐进法对气浮筒型基础结构的垂荡、横荡和纵摇下辐射运动的基本规律进行研究。
通过分析筒型基础在波浪中的受力机理，将筒内气体的作用等效为阻尼作用形式，建立了筒型基础在波浪中的运动方程，研究气浮筒型基础的自身摇荡特性；通过对规则波作用下的运动分析得到气浮筒型基础结构在波浪作用下运动和受力频率响应函数；通过将不规则波等效为各态历经的随机过程，采用时域和频域相结合的方法对气浮筒型基础结构在随机波中的运动和响应进行了预测。
基于模型试验对在波浪中由多个小直径筒型基础结构组成的筒群结构在不同干舷高度、拖航速度和水深等因素下的筒内气压力、筒底水压力、筒的X、Y、Z方向的加速度以及拖航过程中拖缆力的测量数据，并且结合水动力学软件MOSES对该气浮结构进行数值模拟。通过试验和数值模拟对比分析，研究拖航系统在波浪中运动和响应的规律。
Bucket foundation has been widely used as a new style foundation in theexploitation of ocean resources. Based on the background of the key technologies ofair-cushion towing of the rapid construc tion of large-scale bucket foundation inoffshore wind farms and the foundation type in exploitation of marginal oil fields，it isnecessary to study the m otion responses of bucket foundation and analyze theinteraction between air and water in the bucket、the towing speed、the draft and otherfactors that have influence on the towing security. Due to the less study on the motionresponses of air-floating structures in wa ve, the responses are investigated by themethod of theoretical calcu lations, model tests and numerical simulation. T hereference and evidence can be provided for the rapid construction in offshoreengineering and the application and promotion of bucket foundation as the foundationof offshore structure。
Based on the stability theory of tradition al floating body，the initial stability ismodified by the air buoyancy decreasing coefficient and the stability at large angles ofinclination is calculated by th e modification on the level of form stability by aircushion compression coefficient.T he subdivision optimization technology of largescale bucket foundation is put forward.
The nonlinear boundary conditions on the ga s-water interface in the bucket arecoped with by the introduction of the dim ensionless parameterαconsidering theinfluence of air cushion. Based on the thre e-dimensional potential flow theory usingthe semi analytical m ethod of eigenfunc tion expansion and progressive m atchingmethod，the basic laws of heave、sway and pitch are studied.
Through the mechanism analysis of bucket foundation in wave, the equation ofmotion of bucket foundation in wave is established by cons idering air effect as theform of da mping and the self-oscillator y characteristics of bucket foundation isstudied. The frequency response f unction of dynamic response to wave action isobtained by the response analysis in regular wave；with the irregular wave regarded asstationary ergodic Gaussian random processes，the prediction about m otion andresponse in random wave is made by the combination of time domain and frequencydomain.
Model tests about m ulti-bucket foundation composed of som e air-floatingstructure with small diameter are taken. The data about air pressure in bucket、waterpressure at the bottom of bucket、acceleration in the direction of X, Y, Z and th etension in the towing point are measured under the conditions of different freeboard、towing speed and water depth..The numerical simulation for the model is carried outby the marine software MOSES. Analysis of towing system in wave is perform ed bythe combination of test and simulation to the basic law of response and movement.
引文
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