时分变码流媒体数字版权保护研究
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摘要
流媒体数字版权保护(DRM,Digital Rights Management)技术是对流媒体数字内容的知识产权进行保护的一系列软硬件技术。本文在对流媒体DRM研究现状进行综述的基础上,提出了一种新的流媒体DRM模型——时分变码流媒体DRM,解决了现有流媒体DRM实时性差、安全性不够完善、权利迁移比较困难的缺陷。
首先,本文分析了各种加密算法的特点和流媒体数据传输的特点,提出了流媒体传输的实时加密方案——时分变码。分析了时分变码的两个关键问题——密钥变化的规律和密钥变化的时间间隔。研究了时分变码的实现原理,为设计时分变码流媒体DRM模型奠定了理论基础。
其次,建立了时分变码流媒体DRM的功能模型,并分析了该功能模型与现有流媒体DRM功能模型的不同。建立了时分变码流媒体DRM的数据模型。在功能模型和数据模型的基础上,提出了时分变码流媒体DRM的系统构架。深入研究了系统构架中三个主要模块——用户认证授权模块、流媒体加密分发模块和流媒体安全播放模块的结构和实现流程。
再次,分析了时分变码流媒体DRM的密钥体系。它是一个包含三种密钥——内容密钥、业务密钥和用户密钥的混合密钥体系。本文利用密钥管理的基本原理,研究了时分变码流媒体DRM中三种密钥的生成、分配、保存和更新。
最后,将时分变码流媒体DRM应用到视频点播VOD(Video-On-Demand)系统中,设计了基于时分变码流媒体DRM的VOD系统的系统结构、业务流程,实现了该VOD系统中时分变码流媒体DRM的三个主要模块。证明了时分变码流媒体DRM具有很好的实时性、安全性和灵活性。
Streaming media DRM (Digital Rights Management) protects intellectual property of streaming media with a series of hardware and software technologies. In the existing streaming media DRM systems, encrypting streaming media is not real-time, the security is not enough and rights migration is difficult. The thesis presents a new streaming media DRM model to solve these problems. The new model is called Key Random Variation DRM.
Firstly, the thesis presents a new method, called Key Random Variation, to encrypting streaming media. Its two key questions, how to change the cipher and how long to keep cipher unchanged, are analyzed. Its realization is researched. All above are the theoretic base of Key Random Variation DRM.
Secondly, Key Random Variation DRM is designed. Its functional model is established and the different functions to the existing streaming media DRM systems are discussed. Then its data model is founded. Based on the functional and data model, the framework of Key Random Variation DRM is designed. It has three main modules, authenticating module, encrypting and distributing module and safe playing module. The structure and working flow of each module are designed.
Thirdly, the key system of Key Random Variation DRM is analyzed. It is a mixed key system including Content Key, Service Key and User Key. According to the basic theories of key management, how to generate, distribute, save and renew the three kinds of keys is discussed in the thesis.
Finally, Key Random Variation DRM is realized in VOD (Video-On-Demand). The system structure and the operating flow of the VOD system are designed. The three main modules of Key Random Variation DRM in VOD are programmed. The application proves that Key Random Variation DRM is real-time, safe and flexible.
首先,本文分析了各种加密算法的特点和流媒体数据传输的特点,提出了流媒体传输的实时加密方案——时分变码。分析了时分变码的两个关键问题——密钥变化的规律和密钥变化的时间间隔。研究了时分变码的实现原理,为设计时分变码流媒体DRM模型奠定了理论基础。
其次,建立了时分变码流媒体DRM的功能模型,并分析了该功能模型与现有流媒体DRM功能模型的不同。建立了时分变码流媒体DRM的数据模型。在功能模型和数据模型的基础上,提出了时分变码流媒体DRM的系统构架。深入研究了系统构架中三个主要模块——用户认证授权模块、流媒体加密分发模块和流媒体安全播放模块的结构和实现流程。
再次,分析了时分变码流媒体DRM的密钥体系。它是一个包含三种密钥——内容密钥、业务密钥和用户密钥的混合密钥体系。本文利用密钥管理的基本原理,研究了时分变码流媒体DRM中三种密钥的生成、分配、保存和更新。
最后,将时分变码流媒体DRM应用到视频点播VOD(Video-On-Demand)系统中,设计了基于时分变码流媒体DRM的VOD系统的系统结构、业务流程,实现了该VOD系统中时分变码流媒体DRM的三个主要模块。证明了时分变码流媒体DRM具有很好的实时性、安全性和灵活性。
Streaming media DRM (Digital Rights Management) protects intellectual property of streaming media with a series of hardware and software technologies. In the existing streaming media DRM systems, encrypting streaming media is not real-time, the security is not enough and rights migration is difficult. The thesis presents a new streaming media DRM model to solve these problems. The new model is called Key Random Variation DRM.
Firstly, the thesis presents a new method, called Key Random Variation, to encrypting streaming media. Its two key questions, how to change the cipher and how long to keep cipher unchanged, are analyzed. Its realization is researched. All above are the theoretic base of Key Random Variation DRM.
Secondly, Key Random Variation DRM is designed. Its functional model is established and the different functions to the existing streaming media DRM systems are discussed. Then its data model is founded. Based on the functional and data model, the framework of Key Random Variation DRM is designed. It has three main modules, authenticating module, encrypting and distributing module and safe playing module. The structure and working flow of each module are designed.
Thirdly, the key system of Key Random Variation DRM is analyzed. It is a mixed key system including Content Key, Service Key and User Key. According to the basic theories of key management, how to generate, distribute, save and renew the three kinds of keys is discussed in the thesis.
Finally, Key Random Variation DRM is realized in VOD (Video-On-Demand). The system structure and the operating flow of the VOD system are designed. The three main modules of Key Random Variation DRM in VOD are programmed. The application proves that Key Random Variation DRM is real-time, safe and flexible.
引文
[1] 唐天虹,冯宝坤,胡晓鹏. 实战流媒体. 第一版. 北京:科学出版社,2003
[2] 杨立军,杨路明. 基于 Internet 的流媒体技术的研究. 湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2004,4(3):18~19,11
[3] 李萍. 流媒体技术及应用前景分析. 上海第二工业大学学报,2003,(2):51~55
[4] 张炫. 流媒体安全技术研究. 网络安全技术与应用,2005,(12):55~57
[5] 黄铁军,蓝娟,曲俊华等. 广播影视的数字版权管理及其需求. 广播与电视技术,2005,32(8):29~32
[6] 俞银燕,汤帜. 数字版权保护技术研究综述. 计算机学报,2005,28(12):1957~1968
[7] Sander T.. Good times for digital rights management? In: Syverson P. F.. Financial Cryptography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2339. Berlin: Springer2Verlag, 2002. 55~65
[8] Rump N.. Definitions, aspects, and overview. In: Becker E. et al. Digital Rights Management: Technological, Economic, Legal and Political Aspects. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2770. Berlin: Springer2Verlag , 2003. 3~6
[9] Ji-Hyun Park, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Ki-Song Yoon. DRM for Streamed MPEG-4 Media. In: IEEE. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. 2004. 976~979, Volume 2
[10] Mikhail J. Atalla, Jiangtao Li. Enhanced Smart-card based License Management. In: IEEE Computer Society. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce CEC 2003. 2003. 111~119
[11] Bo Lan, Tzekian Tan. An agent enabled DRM system with EPLE for network streaming and distribution of digital audiovisual content. In: IEEE. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics Proceedings. 2004. 1~2
[12] Frank Hartung, Friedhelm Ramme, Ericsson Research. Digital Rights Management and Watermarking of Multimedia Content for M-Commerce Applications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2000, 38(11): 78~84
[13] Niels Rump. Can Digital Rights Management Be Standardized?. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2004, 21(2): 63~70
[14] James Irwin. Digital Rights Management: The Open Mobile Alliance DRM Specifications. Information Security Technical Report, 2004, 9(4): 22~31
[15] The Digital Media Project web site: http://www.dmpf.org
[16] 黄铁军,高文,刘永亮等. 数字版权管理的基本理念与发展动向. 现代电视技术,2004,(4):9~20
[17] Digital Rights Management White Paper. http://www.medialab.sonera.fi/workspace/DRMWhitePaper.pdf
[18] Architecture of Windows Media Rights Manager. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/howto/articles/drmarchitecture.aspx
[19] Jim Skinner. Protecting Audio and Video Content with Digital Rights Management. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/howto/articles/DRMProtect.aspx
[20] 曾婷. DRM 技术及其针对数字音视频服务的解决方案分析. 现代图书情报技术,2005,(6):1~5
[21] RealSystem Media Commerce Suite Technical White Paper. http://docs.real.com/docs/drm/DRM_WP1.pdf
[22] Jonker W., Linnartz J.-P.. Digital Rights Management in Consumer Electronics Products. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2004, 21(2): 82~91
[23] The InterTrust web site: http://www.intertrust.com/
[24] The EMMS web site: http://www.ibm.com/software/data/emms/
[25] 罗霄峰,胡晓,王科等. 流媒体中数字权限管理研究和实现. 四川大学学报(自然科学版),2005,42(2):276~279
[26] 陈东毅. 基于 Internet 认证的视频版权保护系统设计与实现. 远程教育杂志,2004,(1):43~44,36
[27] 司端锋,王益冬,潘爱民等. 多媒体数字版权保护系统的研究与实现. 北京大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005,41(5):792~799
[28] 陈红,贾学东,平西建. 流媒体 DRM 技术分析. 信息工程大学学报,2004,5(1):70~72
[29] 杨成,范雪芹. 流媒体及其数字版权保护存在的问题. 网络安全技术与应用,2003,(7):39~43
[30] 龚成,刘永亮. 多媒体内容安全保护方案. 广播与电视技术,2003,(8):55~56
[31] 刘永亮. 多媒体内容的安全保护. 有线电视技术,2004,(13):12~14
[32] Andres TORRUBIA, Francisco J.MORA, Luis MARTI. Cryptography Regulations for E-commerce and Digital Rights Management. Computers & Security, 2001, 20(8): 724~738
[33] Lin E.I., Eskicioglu A.M., Lagendijk R.L.. Advances in digital video content protection. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, 93(1): 171~183
[34] Ahmet M. Eskicioglu, Edward J. Delp. An overview of multimedia content protection in consumer electronics devices. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 2001, 16(7): 681~699
[35] A.O.Waller, G.Jones, T.Whitley et al. Securing the delivery of digital content over the Internet. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 2002, 14(5): 239~248
[36] 黄元飞,陈麟,唐三平. 信息安全与加密解密核心技术. 第一版. 上海:浦东电子出版社,2001
[37] 汪保友,王俊杰,胡运发. 数字水印与版权保护. 计算机应用与软件,2004,21(1):30~32,87
[38] 宋维平. 流密码与 RC4 算法. 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(2):71~72
[39] 冯登国. 国内外密码学研究现状及发展趋势. 通信学报,2002,23(5):18~26
[40] 陈道敏,周金泉. 加密技术在流媒体安全传输中的应用. 网络安全技术与应用,2004,(11):53~55
[41] 张原,吴灏,李梅林. 流媒体加密技术. 郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(4):13~16
[42] 李毅,赵学军,宁书年等. 多媒体内容加密保护的方法研究. 计算机工程与应用,2004,(10):119~121,145
[43] 廉士国,孙金生,王执铨. 视频加密算法及其发展现状. 信息与控制,2004,33(5):560~566
[44] 姚华桢,冯穗力,叶梧等. 流媒体信息加密与用户认证技术的实现. 中国有线电视,2005,(1):57~60
[45] 陈道敏,王正华,彭宇行等.流媒体安全技术研究与实现. 计算机工程,2005,31(6),137~139
[46] Giancarlo Fortino, Wilma Russo, Eugenio Zimeo. Enhancing cooperative playback systems with efficient encrypted multimedia streaming. In: IEEE. Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. 2003. 657~660 vol.2
[47] 李翔. 智能卡研发技术与工程实践. 第一版. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[48] 周继茂. 视频点播技术综述. 有线电视技术,2004,(19):70~75
[2] 杨立军,杨路明. 基于 Internet 的流媒体技术的研究. 湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2004,4(3):18~19,11
[3] 李萍. 流媒体技术及应用前景分析. 上海第二工业大学学报,2003,(2):51~55
[4] 张炫. 流媒体安全技术研究. 网络安全技术与应用,2005,(12):55~57
[5] 黄铁军,蓝娟,曲俊华等. 广播影视的数字版权管理及其需求. 广播与电视技术,2005,32(8):29~32
[6] 俞银燕,汤帜. 数字版权保护技术研究综述. 计算机学报,2005,28(12):1957~1968
[7] Sander T.. Good times for digital rights management? In: Syverson P. F.. Financial Cryptography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2339. Berlin: Springer2Verlag, 2002. 55~65
[8] Rump N.. Definitions, aspects, and overview. In: Becker E. et al. Digital Rights Management: Technological, Economic, Legal and Political Aspects. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2770. Berlin: Springer2Verlag , 2003. 3~6
[9] Ji-Hyun Park, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Ki-Song Yoon. DRM for Streamed MPEG-4 Media. In: IEEE. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. 2004. 976~979, Volume 2
[10] Mikhail J. Atalla, Jiangtao Li. Enhanced Smart-card based License Management. In: IEEE Computer Society. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce CEC 2003. 2003. 111~119
[11] Bo Lan, Tzekian Tan. An agent enabled DRM system with EPLE for network streaming and distribution of digital audiovisual content. In: IEEE. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics Proceedings. 2004. 1~2
[12] Frank Hartung, Friedhelm Ramme, Ericsson Research. Digital Rights Management and Watermarking of Multimedia Content for M-Commerce Applications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2000, 38(11): 78~84
[13] Niels Rump. Can Digital Rights Management Be Standardized?. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2004, 21(2): 63~70
[14] James Irwin. Digital Rights Management: The Open Mobile Alliance DRM Specifications. Information Security Technical Report, 2004, 9(4): 22~31
[15] The Digital Media Project web site: http://www.dmpf.org
[16] 黄铁军,高文,刘永亮等. 数字版权管理的基本理念与发展动向. 现代电视技术,2004,(4):9~20
[17] Digital Rights Management White Paper. http://www.medialab.sonera.fi/workspace/DRMWhitePaper.pdf
[18] Architecture of Windows Media Rights Manager. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/howto/articles/drmarchitecture.aspx
[19] Jim Skinner. Protecting Audio and Video Content with Digital Rights Management. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/howto/articles/DRMProtect.aspx
[20] 曾婷. DRM 技术及其针对数字音视频服务的解决方案分析. 现代图书情报技术,2005,(6):1~5
[21] RealSystem Media Commerce Suite Technical White Paper. http://docs.real.com/docs/drm/DRM_WP1.pdf
[22] Jonker W., Linnartz J.-P.. Digital Rights Management in Consumer Electronics Products. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2004, 21(2): 82~91
[23] The InterTrust web site: http://www.intertrust.com/
[24] The EMMS web site: http://www.ibm.com/software/data/emms/
[25] 罗霄峰,胡晓,王科等. 流媒体中数字权限管理研究和实现. 四川大学学报(自然科学版),2005,42(2):276~279
[26] 陈东毅. 基于 Internet 认证的视频版权保护系统设计与实现. 远程教育杂志,2004,(1):43~44,36
[27] 司端锋,王益冬,潘爱民等. 多媒体数字版权保护系统的研究与实现. 北京大学学报(自然科学版) ,2005,41(5):792~799
[28] 陈红,贾学东,平西建. 流媒体 DRM 技术分析. 信息工程大学学报,2004,5(1):70~72
[29] 杨成,范雪芹. 流媒体及其数字版权保护存在的问题. 网络安全技术与应用,2003,(7):39~43
[30] 龚成,刘永亮. 多媒体内容安全保护方案. 广播与电视技术,2003,(8):55~56
[31] 刘永亮. 多媒体内容的安全保护. 有线电视技术,2004,(13):12~14
[32] Andres TORRUBIA, Francisco J.MORA, Luis MARTI. Cryptography Regulations for E-commerce and Digital Rights Management. Computers & Security, 2001, 20(8): 724~738
[33] Lin E.I., Eskicioglu A.M., Lagendijk R.L.. Advances in digital video content protection. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, 93(1): 171~183
[34] Ahmet M. Eskicioglu, Edward J. Delp. An overview of multimedia content protection in consumer electronics devices. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 2001, 16(7): 681~699
[35] A.O.Waller, G.Jones, T.Whitley et al. Securing the delivery of digital content over the Internet. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 2002, 14(5): 239~248
[36] 黄元飞,陈麟,唐三平. 信息安全与加密解密核心技术. 第一版. 上海:浦东电子出版社,2001
[37] 汪保友,王俊杰,胡运发. 数字水印与版权保护. 计算机应用与软件,2004,21(1):30~32,87
[38] 宋维平. 流密码与 RC4 算法. 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(2):71~72
[39] 冯登国. 国内外密码学研究现状及发展趋势. 通信学报,2002,23(5):18~26
[40] 陈道敏,周金泉. 加密技术在流媒体安全传输中的应用. 网络安全技术与应用,2004,(11):53~55
[41] 张原,吴灏,李梅林. 流媒体加密技术. 郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(4):13~16
[42] 李毅,赵学军,宁书年等. 多媒体内容加密保护的方法研究. 计算机工程与应用,2004,(10):119~121,145
[43] 廉士国,孙金生,王执铨. 视频加密算法及其发展现状. 信息与控制,2004,33(5):560~566
[44] 姚华桢,冯穗力,叶梧等. 流媒体信息加密与用户认证技术的实现. 中国有线电视,2005,(1):57~60
[45] 陈道敏,王正华,彭宇行等.流媒体安全技术研究与实现. 计算机工程,2005,31(6),137~139
[46] Giancarlo Fortino, Wilma Russo, Eugenio Zimeo. Enhancing cooperative playback systems with efficient encrypted multimedia streaming. In: IEEE. Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. 2003. 657~660 vol.2
[47] 李翔. 智能卡研发技术与工程实践. 第一版. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[48] 周继茂. 视频点播技术综述. 有线电视技术,2004,(19):70~75