协同产品创新中概念设计过程建模及关键技术研究
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摘要
在全球范围内激烈的市场竞争环境中，产品创新已经成企业最主要的经济增长方式之一，是企业建立核心竞争力的关键性因素。激烈的市场竞争使得产品创新周期变得越来越短，产品创新速度变得越来越快，同时由于产品创新具有较高的风险性和不确定性，使得企业面临着前所未有的创新压力与创新风险。协同产品创新作为一种新型的创新模式，能够充分利用创新主体的创新经验与创新知识，有助于提升企业的产品创新能力，因此越来越受到企业界和学术界的广泛关注。在协同产品创新过程中，概念设计是最为活跃、最富于创造性的引导性设计前端，是构建整体性框架式创新设计方案的关键阶段。面向协同产品创新中的概念设计，目前尚未检索到针对于此的系统性研究成果，因而对其研究具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。
有鉴于此，本文在深入研究协同产品创新等相关理论的基础上，针对协同产品创新中概念设计过程建模及关键技术进行了深入研究，主要的研究内容包括以下几个部分：
第一，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的过程模型。首先，系统分析了产品概念设计的基础理论，包括基本定义与基本过程。其次，深入研究了协同创新主体的基本类型与协同创新组织的基本特征，并进一步分析了协同产品创新中概念设计的基本特征；进而建立了协同产品创新中概念设计的基本框架。在此基础上，构建了协同产品创新中概念设计的过程模型，为后续研究内容奠定了理论基础。
第二，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的目标体系构建方法。首先，通过系统性研究多创新主体的“推动型”与“拉动型”创新需求，构建了协同产品创新中概念设计目标体系的基本框架；此基础上，提出了协同产品创新中概念设计目标重要度的三阶定量确定方法，该方法融合了AHP与熵值法相结合的主客观赋权法、多粒度非平衡语义决策方法等，对协同产品创新中概念设计目标重要度进行准确量化。最后通过实例验证该方法的可行性与有效性。
第三，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的方案评价模型。遵循科学性与系统性相结合、联系性与层次性相适应、目的性与可行性相统一的原则，建立了一套系统性、层次性、合理性的概念设计方案评价指标体系。在此基础上，构建了基于R-A-WNN的协同产品创新中概念设计的方案评价模型。首先，运用粗糙集理论(RST)对评价指标进行预处理，降低了评价指标及其数据的冗余度；其次，基于小波神经网络(WNN)构建了概念设计方案评价的基本网络模型，并利用蚁群算法模型(ACO)对其中的网络参数进行同步优化。最后，通过实例验证了该评价模型的可行性与实用性。
第四，研究了协同产品创新中基于参数驱动的概念设计方案优化方法。首先，结合协同产品创新概念设计的特点，对方案参数优化问题进行了系统描述；其次，构建了基于QFD的协同产品创新中概念设计的方案参数优化模型，该模型充分利用协同创新主体的创新知识和创新经验，解决了创新期望与概念设计方案参数之间的复杂多维映射问题。最后，将该模型应用于实例，确定出具有最大满意度的概念设计优化方案，验证了该优化方法及数学模型的有效性与可行性。
第五，研究了协同产品创新中基于智能重组的概念设计方案优化方法。首先，为科学定位分角色创新主体所提创新方案中的创新点，系统研究了产品创新的基本类型，包括基本创新、重要创新、关键创新与简单创新，并提出了其分类方法；其次，为定量化描述不同创新点的创新程度，提出了基于粗糙集理论的创新性评估方法；在此基础上，提出基于智能重组的概念设计方案优化方法，以满足协同创新主体的特定创新需求。最后，通过实例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
In the environment of fierce worldwide market competition, product innovationhas become one of the main modes of enterprise’s economic growth, which is a keyfactor for enterprises to establish the core competitiveness. On one side, the fiercemarket competition makes the product innovation cycles becoming shorter and speedbecoming faster, on the other side, product innovation has a higher risk and uncertainty,so that enterprises are facing unprecedented innovation pressure and risk. AS a newmodel of innovation, collaborative product innovation can take full advantage ofinnovation bodies’ innovative experience and knowledge, and help to enhance theirproduct innovation capability. Therefore it gets more and more concern from thebusiness community and academia. In the process of collaborative product innovation,conceptual design is the most active, and creative front, and it is a critical stage to buildfor the innovative design scheme. On the collaborative conceptual design of productinnovation, the systematic research has yet to be retrieved, so that which the research onit has important theoretical value and practical significance.
Therefore, on the basis of researching the latest theoretical achievements aboutcustomer collaborative innovation, the process modeling of conceptual design orientedto collaborative product innovation and its key technologies are studied. The maincontents of the thesis consist of the following parts.
①Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the process model of conceptualdesign was studied. Firstly, the basic theory of product conceptual design was analyzedsystematically, including its basic definition and process. Secondly, of the basic types ofcollaborative innovation body and the basic features of collaborative innovationorganization were studied. Furthermore, the basic characteristics of the conceptualdesign oriented to collaborative product innovation were analyzed, and the basicframework of conceptual design oriented to collaborative product innovationconstructed. On the basis, process model of t the conceptual design oriented tocollaborative product innovation was built, which is the theoretical foundation forsubsequent research.
②Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the construction method ofconceptual design target system was studied. Firstly, based on systematic study of the"push" and "pull" innovative needs, the basic framework of collaborative production innovation target system was constructed, which containing economic, structural,environmental, technical and functional basic dimensions. On the basis, a quantifiedapproach based on third-stage combining subjective and objective methods includingAHP and entropy value method, multi-granularity non-equilibrium semantic treatmentmethod and so on was proposed to calculate and revise the importance of target. Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness were verified by an example.
③Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the evaluation method ofconceptual design scheme was studied. A systematic, hierarchical and rationalevaluation index system of conceptual design scheme is established, following theprinciple of scientific combining with systematic, connectivity adapting to Hierarchy,and purpose united with feasibility,. On the basis, an evaluation method of conceptualdesign scheme based on R-A-WNN is proposed. Firstly with the use of rough setstheory(RST), the evaluation indicators are pretreated Secondly, based on WaveletNeural Network(WNN), a basic network model of scheme evaluation was built, and Antcolony optimization (ACO) was used to optimize the key parameters for simultaneously.Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of theproposed method.
④Oriented to collaborative product innovation, an optimization method of theconceptual design based on parameter-driven was studied. Firstly, combining thefeatures of product innovation conceptual design, the program parameter optimizationproblem was described systematically. Secondly, based on QFD theory, an optimizationmodel for conceptual design parameters design was constructed. It makes full use of thedifferent innovation agents’ knowledge, to solve the mapping problem betweenInnovation expectations and scheme parameter. Finally, the case was studied thatcharacter parameters were optimized, with maximum satisfaction. The effectiveness andfeasibility of the method is verified.
⑤Oriented to collaborative product innovation, an optimization method of theconceptual design based on the intelligent reorganization was studied. Firstly, with theaim of scientific orientation of innovative points from the innovation schemes proposedby every innovation main body, the types of innovation have been studiedsystematically, and its classification method is proposed. Furthermore, an innovationevaluation method based on rough sets theory is raised by which we can describequantitatively the innovation level of different innovation points. On this basis, anoptimization method of the conceptual design based on the intelligent reorganization was proposed, by which specific innovation demands can be satisfied. Finally, anexample was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
有鉴于此，本文在深入研究协同产品创新等相关理论的基础上，针对协同产品创新中概念设计过程建模及关键技术进行了深入研究，主要的研究内容包括以下几个部分：
第一，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的过程模型。首先，系统分析了产品概念设计的基础理论，包括基本定义与基本过程。其次，深入研究了协同创新主体的基本类型与协同创新组织的基本特征，并进一步分析了协同产品创新中概念设计的基本特征；进而建立了协同产品创新中概念设计的基本框架。在此基础上，构建了协同产品创新中概念设计的过程模型，为后续研究内容奠定了理论基础。
第二，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的目标体系构建方法。首先，通过系统性研究多创新主体的“推动型”与“拉动型”创新需求，构建了协同产品创新中概念设计目标体系的基本框架；此基础上，提出了协同产品创新中概念设计目标重要度的三阶定量确定方法，该方法融合了AHP与熵值法相结合的主客观赋权法、多粒度非平衡语义决策方法等，对协同产品创新中概念设计目标重要度进行准确量化。最后通过实例验证该方法的可行性与有效性。
第三，研究了协同产品创新中概念设计的方案评价模型。遵循科学性与系统性相结合、联系性与层次性相适应、目的性与可行性相统一的原则，建立了一套系统性、层次性、合理性的概念设计方案评价指标体系。在此基础上，构建了基于R-A-WNN的协同产品创新中概念设计的方案评价模型。首先，运用粗糙集理论(RST)对评价指标进行预处理，降低了评价指标及其数据的冗余度；其次，基于小波神经网络(WNN)构建了概念设计方案评价的基本网络模型，并利用蚁群算法模型(ACO)对其中的网络参数进行同步优化。最后，通过实例验证了该评价模型的可行性与实用性。
第四，研究了协同产品创新中基于参数驱动的概念设计方案优化方法。首先，结合协同产品创新概念设计的特点，对方案参数优化问题进行了系统描述；其次，构建了基于QFD的协同产品创新中概念设计的方案参数优化模型，该模型充分利用协同创新主体的创新知识和创新经验，解决了创新期望与概念设计方案参数之间的复杂多维映射问题。最后，将该模型应用于实例，确定出具有最大满意度的概念设计优化方案，验证了该优化方法及数学模型的有效性与可行性。
第五，研究了协同产品创新中基于智能重组的概念设计方案优化方法。首先，为科学定位分角色创新主体所提创新方案中的创新点，系统研究了产品创新的基本类型，包括基本创新、重要创新、关键创新与简单创新，并提出了其分类方法；其次，为定量化描述不同创新点的创新程度，提出了基于粗糙集理论的创新性评估方法；在此基础上，提出基于智能重组的概念设计方案优化方法，以满足协同创新主体的特定创新需求。最后，通过实例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
In the environment of fierce worldwide market competition, product innovationhas become one of the main modes of enterprise’s economic growth, which is a keyfactor for enterprises to establish the core competitiveness. On one side, the fiercemarket competition makes the product innovation cycles becoming shorter and speedbecoming faster, on the other side, product innovation has a higher risk and uncertainty,so that enterprises are facing unprecedented innovation pressure and risk. AS a newmodel of innovation, collaborative product innovation can take full advantage ofinnovation bodies’ innovative experience and knowledge, and help to enhance theirproduct innovation capability. Therefore it gets more and more concern from thebusiness community and academia. In the process of collaborative product innovation,conceptual design is the most active, and creative front, and it is a critical stage to buildfor the innovative design scheme. On the collaborative conceptual design of productinnovation, the systematic research has yet to be retrieved, so that which the research onit has important theoretical value and practical significance.
Therefore, on the basis of researching the latest theoretical achievements aboutcustomer collaborative innovation, the process modeling of conceptual design orientedto collaborative product innovation and its key technologies are studied. The maincontents of the thesis consist of the following parts.
①Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the process model of conceptualdesign was studied. Firstly, the basic theory of product conceptual design was analyzedsystematically, including its basic definition and process. Secondly, of the basic types ofcollaborative innovation body and the basic features of collaborative innovationorganization were studied. Furthermore, the basic characteristics of the conceptualdesign oriented to collaborative product innovation were analyzed, and the basicframework of conceptual design oriented to collaborative product innovationconstructed. On the basis, process model of t the conceptual design oriented tocollaborative product innovation was built, which is the theoretical foundation forsubsequent research.
②Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the construction method ofconceptual design target system was studied. Firstly, based on systematic study of the"push" and "pull" innovative needs, the basic framework of collaborative production innovation target system was constructed, which containing economic, structural,environmental, technical and functional basic dimensions. On the basis, a quantifiedapproach based on third-stage combining subjective and objective methods includingAHP and entropy value method, multi-granularity non-equilibrium semantic treatmentmethod and so on was proposed to calculate and revise the importance of target. Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness were verified by an example.
③Oriented to collaborative product innovation, the evaluation method ofconceptual design scheme was studied. A systematic, hierarchical and rationalevaluation index system of conceptual design scheme is established, following theprinciple of scientific combining with systematic, connectivity adapting to Hierarchy,and purpose united with feasibility,. On the basis, an evaluation method of conceptualdesign scheme based on R-A-WNN is proposed. Firstly with the use of rough setstheory(RST), the evaluation indicators are pretreated Secondly, based on WaveletNeural Network(WNN), a basic network model of scheme evaluation was built, and Antcolony optimization (ACO) was used to optimize the key parameters for simultaneously.Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of theproposed method.
④Oriented to collaborative product innovation, an optimization method of theconceptual design based on parameter-driven was studied. Firstly, combining thefeatures of product innovation conceptual design, the program parameter optimizationproblem was described systematically. Secondly, based on QFD theory, an optimizationmodel for conceptual design parameters design was constructed. It makes full use of thedifferent innovation agents’ knowledge, to solve the mapping problem betweenInnovation expectations and scheme parameter. Finally, the case was studied thatcharacter parameters were optimized, with maximum satisfaction. The effectiveness andfeasibility of the method is verified.
⑤Oriented to collaborative product innovation, an optimization method of theconceptual design based on the intelligent reorganization was studied. Firstly, with theaim of scientific orientation of innovative points from the innovation schemes proposedby every innovation main body, the types of innovation have been studiedsystematically, and its classification method is proposed. Furthermore, an innovationevaluation method based on rough sets theory is raised by which we can describequantitatively the innovation level of different innovation points. On this basis, anoptimization method of the conceptual design based on the intelligent reorganization was proposed, by which specific innovation demands can be satisfied. Finally, anexample was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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