黑龙江省建三江地区稻谷产业链发展研究
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摘要
随着国民经济发展水平的提高,特别是东部沿海地区逐步中等发达国家水平,稻米产业也逐步由“解决温饱”向优质大米和深加工两端迈进,一些深加工的投资在湖南、江西、湖北、辽宁等地集体涌现。事实经验证明稻谷产业的高附加值时代在经济发展水平达到一点阶段之后才能出现,那么当这个经济发展水平带动稻谷产业向高附加值阶段迈进的机遇来临的时候,在中国稻米产业链逐步成型,并向两端分化(日韩模式和泰国模式为两端各自的代表)的过程中,对于某个具体的区域而言,如何进行产业的细分选择,就成为一个大的战略问题。本文以黑龙江省建三江地区样本就这一问题进行了深入剖析。首先,尽管全球稻谷供给量近年来呈小幅增加之势,但是随着世界人口的增加以及饲料加工工业的发展,对稻谷的需求也不断上涨,世界稻谷的供求正由“供求宽松”到“供求趋紧”方向发展。深加工产品与优质稻米的市场空间稳步提升。中国稻谷产业与世界稻谷产业的趋势相一致,除此之外,自身还存在着诸多问题,如：(1)资本约束与技术瓶颈成为稻谷产业深加工的主要障碍,(2)产业集中度低引发恶性竞争,且无法达到规模经济；(3)稻谷深加工产品的市场接受度较低。第二,通过数据查询、访谈等手段,本文获取了稻谷产业链各个环节价值产出、以及各环节要素需求的系统结构,在这个基础上,对比国内稻谷产业尤其是黑龙江省建三江地区的稻谷产业,提取了黑龙江省建三江地区稻谷产业在价值产出与要素需求上的缺失环节。第三,在模拟消费系统和生产系统的均衡后,得到了产业链细分产业选择的理论模型,这一理论模型具体运用到稻谷产业链中,为其产业链构建提供理论指导。第四,在三江平原稻谷产业链的竞争力分析中,利用SWOT框架对黑龙江省建三江地区自然地理、经济基础、要素禀赋等方面进行了深入分析。第五,按照前述研究工作的结论,依照循环经济的原则,本文认为黑龙江省建三江地区稻谷产业链的定位应该是打造成具有区域主导能力、具备全国影响力的粳稻种植、加工、贸易、研发“四个中心”。在产品定位上：以“绿色”、“有机”大米为基础,进一步提升寒地水稻品质,同时按照投资回报率比较,围绕稻米产业链精深加工全面展开。即根据自身条件,在细分产业选择模型下,两端都要有,两端都要硬。总体目标是通过五年的努力,“十二五”末期建三江水稻加工量要实现400万吨,销售收入超百亿元。同时,测算了建三江地区稻谷产业链循环经济概念下的效益。第六,通过访谈调研、理论提炼等提出了稻谷产业发展在政策、资本、人才、技术、品牌、招商等方面的路径选择。
Rice industry has been in a very important position in the national economy, but for a long time the main mission of rice industry was to solve the problem of feeding1.3billion people (of course the number increased year by year), how to improve the amount of rice was the primary task during this period. Until recent years, along with the progress of development level of economy, especially the eastern coastal area gradually arrived at medium developed country's level, rice industry also gradually transform from "solving hunger" to get high quality rice and deep processing. And some investments for deep processing of rice industry are emerging in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Liaoning and so on. History suggests the deep processing of rice industry appears after the Marco economy gets enough development. So when Chinese economy moves into the post-industrial era, what is the develop direction for Chinese rice industry?
This paper takes Sanjiang Plain as our research sample to do some thoroughly analyses for this topic.
Firstly, although the global supply of rice has been moderately increased in recent years, the supply and demand for rice are still moving into the "shortage era" gradually. And the market of deep processing products and high quality rice is rising. Of course china has the same trend with the world. However, there is many problems in Chinese rice industry, such as capital constraints and technical bottleneck always exist in recent years, and low industrial centralization trigger malignant competition, and the acceptance is still in a low level for deep processing products
Secondly, through the data query, interviews, and other means, we get the data about output value, input demand of every link in the chain of rice industry. Based on that, we can get the missing link in Sanjiang plain.
Thirdly, after imitating the equilibration of product and consume system, we get the model which guide us to choose the subdividing industry.
Fourthly, under the SWOT framing, we analyses the economic foundation, factor endowment and other factors.
Fifthly, according to the previous research conclusion, we conclude that Sanjiang Plain will become the Centre of deep processing of rice industry in the northeast of china. And as the same time, Sanjiang plain should try all their best to get the price power of rice in the coming years.
Rice industry has been in a very important position in the national economy, but for a long time the main mission of rice industry was to solve the problem of feeding1.3billion people (of course the number increased year by year), how to improve the amount of rice was the primary task during this period. Until recent years, along with the progress of development level of economy, especially the eastern coastal area gradually arrived at medium developed country's level, rice industry also gradually transform from "solving hunger" to get high quality rice and deep processing. And some investments for deep processing of rice industry are emerging in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Liaoning and so on. History suggests the deep processing of rice industry appears after the Marco economy gets enough development. So when Chinese economy moves into the post-industrial era, what is the develop direction for Chinese rice industry?
This paper takes Sanjiang Plain as our research sample to do some thoroughly analyses for this topic.
Firstly, although the global supply of rice has been moderately increased in recent years, the supply and demand for rice are still moving into the "shortage era" gradually. And the market of deep processing products and high quality rice is rising. Of course china has the same trend with the world. However, there is many problems in Chinese rice industry, such as capital constraints and technical bottleneck always exist in recent years, and low industrial centralization trigger malignant competition, and the acceptance is still in a low level for deep processing products
Secondly, through the data query, interviews, and other means, we get the data about output value, input demand of every link in the chain of rice industry. Based on that, we can get the missing link in Sanjiang plain.
Thirdly, after imitating the equilibration of product and consume system, we get the model which guide us to choose the subdividing industry.
Fourthly, under the SWOT framing, we analyses the economic foundation, factor endowment and other factors.
Fifthly, according to the previous research conclusion, we conclude that Sanjiang Plain will become the Centre of deep processing of rice industry in the northeast of china. And as the same time, Sanjiang plain should try all their best to get the price power of rice in the coming years.
引文
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