长丝加捻纱形态的数学模型与CAD软件设计
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摘要
本文针对长丝加捻线形态CAD，从众多的纱线中筛选出并捻线、股线和抱合线这三种具有广泛应用前景且在形态上也存在显著性差别的三种长丝纱线作为研究对象。根据这三种加捻线的轮廓特点及加工工艺特点，对它们的形态特征及成形机理进行研究。参照长丝加捻线横截面纤维排列的两种聚集态结构理论，结合三种线型的形态特征，分别为它们建立了纱线横截面模型。再运用长丝加捻线纵向的理想螺旋形结构理论，通过纱线横截面的空间旋转和行进，为三种线型建立了三维形态数学模型。根据所建立的三种加捻线的数学模型，用VisualC++6.0编写程序，得到用于构造模型的所有点的三维坐标数据，通过点坐标值的数值比较，得到将三维数学模型投影到二维后可见点的集合，并将形态显示出来，实现了三维数学模型的二维计算机显示。并提取出用于描述模型形态特点，包括单股长度、螺距及最大径，加捻纱线最大、最小径在内的8个形态特征值。再利用计算机图像处理技术对纱线扫描图像进行二值化(颜色提取)、去除噪声(腐蚀与膨胀)、轮廓提取等处理后，进行数据分析，通过编程提取与模型相应8个形态特征值，并将图象同模型的特征值比较，通过误差分析来进行模型验证。验证结果表明，本文所建立的三种长丝加捻纱线形态数学模型与真实纱线形态具有较好的吻合度。但由于纱线是粘弹体，存在受力变形现象，模型与纱线扫描图像比较，在直径及抱合线外包线长度上存在一定误差。
In this thesis, double twisted thread, ply and spire thread ,which are marked with their distinguished appearance and applied widely, are researched, aimed at the CAD for the configuration of continuous twisted threads. According to the features of the outlines of the three continuous twisted threads and their processing characteristics, their features and the factors caused them are focused. Based on the theories of the configuration of the cross section of the continuous twisted thread, the models of the cross section for three kinds of threads are constructed respectively, referring to the outline features of them. With the theory of the ideal spiral structure in longitudinal direction of the twisted thread, the three dimensional mathematic models for three sorts of twisted threads are constructed with the rotating and proceeding of the cross sections of the yarns. In Visual C++6.0, the models are displayed in two dimensions on the screen and eight feature values of the each model, such as radius, spire distance etc, are measured. On the other hand, the counterpart feature values of the images of the real twisted threads are obtained through computer image processing, programming in Visual C++ 6.0, such as color extraction erosion, dilation, outline extracting. Comparing the two groups of feature values, the deviations between the model and the sample image are measured. It is concluded that the mathematic models for three kinds of continuous twisted threads are identical with the real threads in the main. But because the mechanics model for continuous twisted threads has not been constructed, the deviations in terms of the radius could not be avoided.
In this thesis, double twisted thread, ply and spire thread ,which are marked with their distinguished appearance and applied widely, are researched, aimed at the CAD for the configuration of continuous twisted threads. According to the features of the outlines of the three continuous twisted threads and their processing characteristics, their features and the factors caused them are focused. Based on the theories of the configuration of the cross section of the continuous twisted thread, the models of the cross section for three kinds of threads are constructed respectively, referring to the outline features of them. With the theory of the ideal spiral structure in longitudinal direction of the twisted thread, the three dimensional mathematic models for three sorts of twisted threads are constructed with the rotating and proceeding of the cross sections of the yarns. In Visual C++6.0, the models are displayed in two dimensions on the screen and eight feature values of the each model, such as radius, spire distance etc, are measured. On the other hand, the counterpart feature values of the images of the real twisted threads are obtained through computer image processing, programming in Visual C++ 6.0, such as color extraction erosion, dilation, outline extracting. Comparing the two groups of feature values, the deviations between the model and the sample image are measured. It is concluded that the mathematic models for three kinds of continuous twisted threads are identical with the real threads in the main. But because the mechanics model for continuous twisted threads has not been constructed, the deviations in terms of the radius could not be avoided.
引文
[1] 赵小红等，《花式纱线CAD仿真算法研究》，武汉纺织工学院学报，1998 Vol．11No．4，P43-47
[2] 汪德潢等，《纱线的计算机仿真》，大连轻工业学院学报，2000 Vol．19 No．2，P150-153
[3] 王建宏，毕业论文《长丝加捻线形态的数学模型及其计算机图像处理》，2002．5
[4] B．C．戈斯威密等著，邵礼宏等译，《纱线的工艺结构与应用》，纺织工业出版社，1984，P118-137
[5] 李栋高蒋惠均编著，《丝绸材料学》，中国纺织出版社，1994．6，P177
[6] 华东师范大学数学系编，《数学分析》(第二版)，高等教育出版社，1994，P358
[7] 章毓晋编著，图像处理和分析，清华大学出版社，2001．5，P1-3
[8] 晶辰工作室编著，《最流行图像格式实用参考手册》，电子工业出版社，1998．10，P22-24
[9] 赵良叶等编著，《Visua1 C++5使用大全》，电子工业出版社，1998．10，P738-741
[10] 徐士良编，《C常用算法程序集》清化大学出版社，1994，P360-364
[11] 吕昕主编，康博创作室编著，《Visua1 C++6.0编程实例与技巧》，中国水力水电出版社，1999．10
[12] 郑阿奇主编，丁有和 郑进编著，《Visua1 C++6.0实用教程》，电子工业出版社，2000．8
[13] 李于剑编著，《Visua1 C++实践与提高——图形图像编程篇》，中国铁道出版社，2001．2
[2] 汪德潢等，《纱线的计算机仿真》，大连轻工业学院学报，2000 Vol．19 No．2，P150-153
[3] 王建宏，毕业论文《长丝加捻线形态的数学模型及其计算机图像处理》，2002．5
[4] B．C．戈斯威密等著，邵礼宏等译，《纱线的工艺结构与应用》，纺织工业出版社，1984，P118-137
[5] 李栋高蒋惠均编著，《丝绸材料学》，中国纺织出版社，1994．6，P177
[6] 华东师范大学数学系编，《数学分析》(第二版)，高等教育出版社，1994，P358
[7] 章毓晋编著，图像处理和分析，清华大学出版社，2001．5，P1-3
[8] 晶辰工作室编著，《最流行图像格式实用参考手册》，电子工业出版社，1998．10，P22-24
[9] 赵良叶等编著，《Visua1 C++5使用大全》，电子工业出版社，1998．10，P738-741
[10] 徐士良编，《C常用算法程序集》清化大学出版社，1994，P360-364
[11] 吕昕主编，康博创作室编著，《Visua1 C++6.0编程实例与技巧》，中国水力水电出版社，1999．10
[12] 郑阿奇主编，丁有和 郑进编著，《Visua1 C++6.0实用教程》，电子工业出版社，2000．8
[13] 李于剑编著，《Visua1 C++实践与提高——图形图像编程篇》，中国铁道出版社，2001．2