汽车发动机冷却系统测控研究与设计
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摘要
汽车现已是集机械、电子一体的高科技产品,但其仍存在很多结构和控制不完善的地方,汽车发动机冷却系统就是其中之一。本论文针对汽车发动机冷却系统存在控制不够完善之处而进行改进,采用智能控制技术对汽车发动机冷却系统进行控制,解决发动机冷却系统中存在的具体问题,以达到控制效果良好,提高汽车动力性和经济性,减小汽车的排放污染,从而实现节约能源和保护环境的目的,并提高汽车的使用寿命。
在本课题研究中,通过对汽车发动机冷却系统进行测试与研究,找出了系统的影响因素和变化规律:发动机冷却系统冷却液温度受许多因素的影响,且这些影响因素大多是不断变化的,并与发动机冷却液温度呈非线性关系,发动机的冷却液温度与各影响因素间的关系很难用数学方程进行准确描述,且发动机的冷却液温度的升高和降低是一个缓慢变化和大滞后过程。根据发动机冷却系统此特点,论文提出了对发动机冷却系统采用模糊控制方法进行控制。
论文详细阐述了本控制系统采用模糊控制的系统设计,包括系统模糊控制计算、系统结构设计、控制系统硬件和软件设计。将设计出的控制系统装于发动机进行试验,测试出了系统性能参数。通过对改进前后的发动机冷却系统测试的数据比较,发现改进后的控制系统达到了预期的目标:改进后的冷却系统,使发动机具有冷启动性能好,暖机时间短,排放的有害气体少,动力性和经济性改善等优点。
本课题将模糊控制方法运用于汽车发动机冷却系统,这对于现代汽车的完善和不断发展,以及实现节约能源和保护环境具有重要的意义。这也为现代汽车发动机性能的完善提供了新的途径。
Now automobiles are of high-tech products integrated with machines and electrons, but they still have many problems with their structures and imperfect control. The motor engine cooling system has such problems. Aiming at improving the imperfect control of the engine cooling system, this paper uses the intelligent control technology to control the motor engine cooling system, solve the concrete problems of the engine cooling system, achieve a good control effect, enhance the engine dynamic characteristics and its economy as well, reduce the automotive exhaust pollution, thus reaching the goal of saving the energy sources and protecting the environment, and prolonging the automobile service lifetime.
In this research, after testing and studying the engine cooling system, the author finds the factors which influence the system and the changing rules. The coolant temperature of the engine cooling system is influenced by a number of factors, which mostly change unceasingly, and have a non-linear relationship with the engine coolant temperature. And it is difficult to accurately depict the relationship with mathematics equations. The rise and fall of the engine coolant temperature is a slowly-changing and greatly-lagging process. According to the feature of the engine cooling system, the author proposes employing the fuzzy control method to control the engine cooling system.
The paper elaborates the control system design using the fuzzy control, including the system fuzzy control computing, the system structural design, and the control system hardware and software design. The designed control system is installed in the engine to test, and the system performance parameters are gained. Compared with the former system according the data, the improved system achieves the anticipated goal.
在本课题研究中,通过对汽车发动机冷却系统进行测试与研究,找出了系统的影响因素和变化规律:发动机冷却系统冷却液温度受许多因素的影响,且这些影响因素大多是不断变化的,并与发动机冷却液温度呈非线性关系,发动机的冷却液温度与各影响因素间的关系很难用数学方程进行准确描述,且发动机的冷却液温度的升高和降低是一个缓慢变化和大滞后过程。根据发动机冷却系统此特点,论文提出了对发动机冷却系统采用模糊控制方法进行控制。
论文详细阐述了本控制系统采用模糊控制的系统设计,包括系统模糊控制计算、系统结构设计、控制系统硬件和软件设计。将设计出的控制系统装于发动机进行试验,测试出了系统性能参数。通过对改进前后的发动机冷却系统测试的数据比较,发现改进后的控制系统达到了预期的目标:改进后的冷却系统,使发动机具有冷启动性能好,暖机时间短,排放的有害气体少,动力性和经济性改善等优点。
本课题将模糊控制方法运用于汽车发动机冷却系统,这对于现代汽车的完善和不断发展,以及实现节约能源和保护环境具有重要的意义。这也为现代汽车发动机性能的完善提供了新的途径。
Now automobiles are of high-tech products integrated with machines and electrons, but they still have many problems with their structures and imperfect control. The motor engine cooling system has such problems. Aiming at improving the imperfect control of the engine cooling system, this paper uses the intelligent control technology to control the motor engine cooling system, solve the concrete problems of the engine cooling system, achieve a good control effect, enhance the engine dynamic characteristics and its economy as well, reduce the automotive exhaust pollution, thus reaching the goal of saving the energy sources and protecting the environment, and prolonging the automobile service lifetime.
In this research, after testing and studying the engine cooling system, the author finds the factors which influence the system and the changing rules. The coolant temperature of the engine cooling system is influenced by a number of factors, which mostly change unceasingly, and have a non-linear relationship with the engine coolant temperature. And it is difficult to accurately depict the relationship with mathematics equations. The rise and fall of the engine coolant temperature is a slowly-changing and greatly-lagging process. According to the feature of the engine cooling system, the author proposes employing the fuzzy control method to control the engine cooling system.
The paper elaborates the control system design using the fuzzy control, including the system fuzzy control computing, the system structural design, and the control system hardware and software design. The designed control system is installed in the engine to test, and the system performance parameters are gained. Compared with the former system according the data, the improved system achieves the anticipated goal.
引文
[1] 周家瑞.汽车构造(上册).北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[2] 董敬.汽车发动机原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[3] 余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[4] 庄继德.汽车电子控制系统工程.北京:北京理工大学出版社 1998.5
[5] 于英民,孙全.计算机接口技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.6
[6] 姚伯威等.控制工程基础.北京:国防工业出版 ,2004.4
[7] 李迅波.机械工程测试技术基础.电子科技大学出版社,1998.11
[8] 郭新民,翟平,汽车发动机智能冷却系统的研究,内燃机工程,2001,3 ,No.1:15-16
[9] 卢广锋,郭新民.汽车冷却系统水温对发动机性能影响.山东内燃机,2002,3, No.1:32-33
[10] 冷玉福,发动机冷却系统自动控制装置的开发,汽车电器,2002,12:19.23
[11] 曲建岭,王磊,水温模糊控制系统设计,自动化仪表,2000,2, No.2:8-9
[12] 李洪兴,王加银,模糊控制系统建模,中国科学,2002,9, No.9
[13] 翟丽,郭新民,汽车发动机冷却系统的智能控制,汽车电器,2001, No.1:14-15
[14] Dr.rer.nat.H.Schwarz Eta.Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems2 nd Ed.Germany:Iprime en Allemage Rbert osch GmBH,1995
[15] Tom Denton.Automobile Electric & Electronic Systems.Great Britain:London NW13BH,the Bath Press,Avon,1995
[16] Gambino,Michelle etc.Experimental and computational analysis 0f a dynamic model for control strategy optimization in a spark ignition engine.Proceedings 0f the 1994 American Control Control Conference,Part 2
[17] Cho,Dong-II Dan etc.Variable structure control method for fuel-injectedsystems.Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control.Transactionsof the ASME v 115 n 3 Sep 1993, 475—481
[18] Kaidantzis etc.Patrick Robust,self-cal ibrating 1ambda feedback for SI engines.E1ectronic Engine Contr01s .1993 SAE Special Publications n 955
[19] Choi,Seium B etc.Observer-based controller design method for improving air/fuel characteristics of spark ignition engines.IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology V 6 n3 Mary l 998,325—334。
[20] 余祖俊.微机检测与控制系统应用设计.北京:北方交通大学出版社,2001.12
[21] 熊世和.机电系统计算机控制工程.成都:电子科技大学,1999.8
[22] 胡才汉.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[23] 胡泓,姚伯威.机电一体化原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.6
[24] 诸静,模糊控制原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社.1995
[25] 南建辉,熊鸣.MCS-51 单片机原理及应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[26] 舒化,姚国平.汽车电子控制技术.北京:人民交通出版社,20001.11
[27] 何立民.单片机应用程序设计技术. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.4
[28] 杨振江.流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.7
[29] 关德新,冯文全.单片机外围器件实用手册电源器件分册. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.4
[30] 纪宗南.单片机外围器件实用手册输入通道器件分册. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.5
[31] 楼然苗.51 系列单片机设计实例. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.3
[32] 钱耀义.汽车发动机汽油喷射系统.北京:人民交通出版社,1992.12
[33] 张振东等.车用汽油发动机空燃比及点火控制系统.汽车工程,1999. 21 卷 3 期
[34] 石栾等.发动机工况实时模拟系统的研制.汽车工程,1999 年 21 卷 5 期
[35] 吴基安.汽车电子技术.人民邮电出版社.1999
[36] XC4G24 型汽油机性能试验报告.绵阳:绵阳新晨动力机械有限公司,2002
[37] 沈清等.神经网络应用技术.合肥:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[38] 张乃尧等.神经网络与模糊控制.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10
[39] 王永翼.神经元网络控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[40] 何克忠等.计算机控制系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10
[41] Wong Y F.Sideris A.earning convergence in the cerebellar model controller.IEEE Trans.On Neural Networks,1 992,3(1):l 1 5—286
[42] lippi Cesare etc.A Fine Control of Air-to-Fuel Ratio with Recurrent Neural Networks.IEEE Instrument and Measurement TechnologyConference,St.Paul,Minncsota,USA,May,1988
[43] 赵光宙等.应用神经网络模糊控制器的发动机怠速控制.内燃机工程,2000.1
[44] 王文成.神经网络及其在汽车工程中的应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[45] 李世勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1 996
[46] 黎苏等.汽车发动机动态过程及其应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[2] 董敬.汽车发动机原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[3] 余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[4] 庄继德.汽车电子控制系统工程.北京:北京理工大学出版社 1998.5
[5] 于英民,孙全.计算机接口技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.6
[6] 姚伯威等.控制工程基础.北京:国防工业出版 ,2004.4
[7] 李迅波.机械工程测试技术基础.电子科技大学出版社,1998.11
[8] 郭新民,翟平,汽车发动机智能冷却系统的研究,内燃机工程,2001,3 ,No.1:15-16
[9] 卢广锋,郭新民.汽车冷却系统水温对发动机性能影响.山东内燃机,2002,3, No.1:32-33
[10] 冷玉福,发动机冷却系统自动控制装置的开发,汽车电器,2002,12:19.23
[11] 曲建岭,王磊,水温模糊控制系统设计,自动化仪表,2000,2, No.2:8-9
[12] 李洪兴,王加银,模糊控制系统建模,中国科学,2002,9, No.9
[13] 翟丽,郭新民,汽车发动机冷却系统的智能控制,汽车电器,2001, No.1:14-15
[14] Dr.rer.nat.H.Schwarz Eta.Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems2 nd Ed.Germany:Iprime en Allemage Rbert osch GmBH,1995
[15] Tom Denton.Automobile Electric & Electronic Systems.Great Britain:London NW13BH,the Bath Press,Avon,1995
[16] Gambino,Michelle etc.Experimental and computational analysis 0f a dynamic model for control strategy optimization in a spark ignition engine.Proceedings 0f the 1994 American Control Control Conference,Part 2
[17] Cho,Dong-II Dan etc.Variable structure control method for fuel-injectedsystems.Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control.Transactionsof the ASME v 115 n 3 Sep 1993, 475—481
[18] Kaidantzis etc.Patrick Robust,self-cal ibrating 1ambda feedback for SI engines.E1ectronic Engine Contr01s .1993 SAE Special Publications n 955
[19] Choi,Seium B etc.Observer-based controller design method for improving air/fuel characteristics of spark ignition engines.IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology V 6 n3 Mary l 998,325—334。
[20] 余祖俊.微机检测与控制系统应用设计.北京:北方交通大学出版社,2001.12
[21] 熊世和.机电系统计算机控制工程.成都:电子科技大学,1999.8
[22] 胡才汉.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[23] 胡泓,姚伯威.机电一体化原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.6
[24] 诸静,模糊控制原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社.1995
[25] 南建辉,熊鸣.MCS-51 单片机原理及应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[26] 舒化,姚国平.汽车电子控制技术.北京:人民交通出版社,20001.11
[27] 何立民.单片机应用程序设计技术. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.4
[28] 杨振江.流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.7
[29] 关德新,冯文全.单片机外围器件实用手册电源器件分册. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.4
[30] 纪宗南.单片机外围器件实用手册输入通道器件分册. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.5
[31] 楼然苗.51 系列单片机设计实例. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.3
[32] 钱耀义.汽车发动机汽油喷射系统.北京:人民交通出版社,1992.12
[33] 张振东等.车用汽油发动机空燃比及点火控制系统.汽车工程,1999. 21 卷 3 期
[34] 石栾等.发动机工况实时模拟系统的研制.汽车工程,1999 年 21 卷 5 期
[35] 吴基安.汽车电子技术.人民邮电出版社.1999
[36] XC4G24 型汽油机性能试验报告.绵阳:绵阳新晨动力机械有限公司,2002
[37] 沈清等.神经网络应用技术.合肥:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[38] 张乃尧等.神经网络与模糊控制.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10
[39] 王永翼.神经元网络控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[40] 何克忠等.计算机控制系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.10
[41] Wong Y F.Sideris A.earning convergence in the cerebellar model controller.IEEE Trans.On Neural Networks,1 992,3(1):l 1 5—286
[42] lippi Cesare etc.A Fine Control of Air-to-Fuel Ratio with Recurrent Neural Networks.IEEE Instrument and Measurement TechnologyConference,St.Paul,Minncsota,USA,May,1988
[43] 赵光宙等.应用神经网络模糊控制器的发动机怠速控制.内燃机工程,2000.1
[44] 王文成.神经网络及其在汽车工程中的应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
[45] 李世勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1 996
[46] 黎苏等.汽车发动机动态过程及其应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2000