多功能油菜联合收获机的研究
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摘要
本文论述了我国油菜联合收获机的发展现状和实现我国油菜机械化收获的重要意义。在此基础上,根据油菜生物学特征,提出并解决了研制油菜收获机所涉及到的关键技术问题。论述了多功能油菜联合收获机的研究思路,即:性能上体现优质高效,技术上提高科技含量,最终达到适应性、可靠性、经济性的统一;并通过对关键技术的优化设计,实现油菜联合收获机兼用稻、麦收获的功能。
通过对本课题的研究,取得了以下主要成果:优化选用发动机功率44Kw,有利于克服瞬间超载;采用静液压传动器与机械专用变速箱组合底盘,实现了收获、行走无级变速,对收获不同作物,可以达到最匹配的收获速度,充分适应多功能和深泥脚田块作业的要求;可拆卸式油菜专用割台与稻、麦通用割台驳接组合,拨禾轮后缩的优化设计和侧竖式双向动刀片切割分行,有效地解决油菜收获时分禾、拨禾造成的收获损失;钉齿轴流式脱粒滚筒与固定齿凹板筛独特结构组合和双层可更换冲孔型平面筛,有效解决了油菜脱粒分离难题。
试验鉴定结果表明,优化设计后的多功能油菜联合收获机,总损失率:油菜为5.8%、水稻为0.9%、小麦为0.9%;含杂率:油菜为4.2%、水稻为0.3%、小麦为0.4%;破碎率:油菜为0.1%、水稻为0.2%、小麦为0.2%。且其使用可靠性达到96.3%,主要技术性能指标达到国际先进水平。该机的研制对推动我国农机设备的技术水平,提升农机设备技术层次将发挥积极作用,具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。
This paper discusses the developing state of rape combine as well as the importance of realizing mechanized rape harvest in our country. Based on the discussing, key technique problems of researching and developing rape combine are settled according to the biological features of rape. Developing thoughts of the multi-function rape combine are also discussed, such as high quality and efficiency in performance, high-technology in engineering, which causes the uniform of flexibility, reliability and economy. By optimum designing of key techniques, the rape combine can be used to harvest both rice and wheat.
During the research of rape combine, following achievements are obtained, such as overcoming of instant overloading by selecting an engine with power of 44KW, achieving the most-matched harvesting velocity and variable-speed driving for different crops by using composite chassis frame with hydrostatic driver and special mechanical gearbox. It can Effectively reduce the harvesting loss while dividing and reeling the rape by combining the removable special rape feed table and general feed table aiming at rice and wheat and by the optimum design of backward reel and side vertical reverse sickle section. Further more,The unique flitch structures assembled the spike-tooth cylinder and fixed tooth concave grid and replaceable double-deck punched plate screen effectively solve the separating problem of rape threshing.
The results of experiment indicate that the total loss factor of this rape combine after optimum design is 5.8% for rape, 0.9% for rice, 0.9% for wheat. The dirt percentage is 4.2% for role, 0.3% for rice, 0.4% for wheat. The percentage of damage is 0.1% for role, 0.2% for rice, 0.2% for wheat. The reliability is 96.3%. These main qualifications show that this rape combine has reached the advanced levels in the world.
通过对本课题的研究,取得了以下主要成果:优化选用发动机功率44Kw,有利于克服瞬间超载;采用静液压传动器与机械专用变速箱组合底盘,实现了收获、行走无级变速,对收获不同作物,可以达到最匹配的收获速度,充分适应多功能和深泥脚田块作业的要求;可拆卸式油菜专用割台与稻、麦通用割台驳接组合,拨禾轮后缩的优化设计和侧竖式双向动刀片切割分行,有效地解决油菜收获时分禾、拨禾造成的收获损失;钉齿轴流式脱粒滚筒与固定齿凹板筛独特结构组合和双层可更换冲孔型平面筛,有效解决了油菜脱粒分离难题。
试验鉴定结果表明,优化设计后的多功能油菜联合收获机,总损失率:油菜为5.8%、水稻为0.9%、小麦为0.9%;含杂率:油菜为4.2%、水稻为0.3%、小麦为0.4%;破碎率:油菜为0.1%、水稻为0.2%、小麦为0.2%。且其使用可靠性达到96.3%,主要技术性能指标达到国际先进水平。该机的研制对推动我国农机设备的技术水平,提升农机设备技术层次将发挥积极作用,具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。
This paper discusses the developing state of rape combine as well as the importance of realizing mechanized rape harvest in our country. Based on the discussing, key technique problems of researching and developing rape combine are settled according to the biological features of rape. Developing thoughts of the multi-function rape combine are also discussed, such as high quality and efficiency in performance, high-technology in engineering, which causes the uniform of flexibility, reliability and economy. By optimum designing of key techniques, the rape combine can be used to harvest both rice and wheat.
During the research of rape combine, following achievements are obtained, such as overcoming of instant overloading by selecting an engine with power of 44KW, achieving the most-matched harvesting velocity and variable-speed driving for different crops by using composite chassis frame with hydrostatic driver and special mechanical gearbox. It can Effectively reduce the harvesting loss while dividing and reeling the rape by combining the removable special rape feed table and general feed table aiming at rice and wheat and by the optimum design of backward reel and side vertical reverse sickle section. Further more,The unique flitch structures assembled the spike-tooth cylinder and fixed tooth concave grid and replaceable double-deck punched plate screen effectively solve the separating problem of rape threshing.
The results of experiment indicate that the total loss factor of this rape combine after optimum design is 5.8% for rape, 0.9% for rice, 0.9% for wheat. The dirt percentage is 4.2% for role, 0.3% for rice, 0.4% for wheat. The percentage of damage is 0.1% for role, 0.2% for rice, 0.2% for wheat. The reliability is 96.3%. These main qualifications show that this rape combine has reached the advanced levels in the world.
引文
[1] 吴福良,刘建政,李长兴,油菜联合收割机的研究,见,中国农业工程学会,农业工程科技创新与建设现代农业(第Ⅰ分册)—2005 年中国农业工程学会学术年会论文集,北京,2005,169-173
[2] 吴福良,汤发明,刘建政等,油菜收获机研究再报,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,41-46
[3] 李耀明,我国油菜联合收割机的现状与展望,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,41-46
[4] 张毅、汤松 ,我国油菜生产现状分析与发展对策讨论,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京,2004,19-20
[5] 黄凤洪、郭萍梅等 ,生物柴油发展现状和展望,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京,2004,6-10
[6] 李云昌 ,低成本油菜品种遗传改良,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京 2004,24-28
[7] 北京农业机械化学院主编,农业机械学(下册),北京,农业出版社,1981,320-323,331-350,350-359,369-422
[8] 陆庆惠,JB/T9778.1-1999,全喂入脱粒机 技术条件,中华人民共和国机械行业标准,国家机械工业局 1999-09-17 批准,2000-01-01 实施
[9]镇江农业机械学院主编,农业机械学(下册),北京,中国农业机械出版社,1982,7-42,43-50,105-151,230-234
[10]朱建勋,高产水稻收割机的研究,见上海市农业机械学会主编,上海市农业机械学会 2006 年学术年会论文集,上海,2006,57-63
[11]华南农学院农机教研室编,水稻联合收割机原理与设计,北京,中国农业机械出版社,1981,164-166
[12]李景晖,徐寿国,孙艾明,史健,液压技术在农业机械上的发展趋势,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,63-64
[13]萧方忠,静液压无级变速传动装置的开发与应用初探,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2003,116
[14] 张兰星,何月娥编著,谷物收割机械理论与计算,吉林,吉林人民出版社,1980,1-10,26-58,60-141,204-205
[15] 萧林桦,JB/T 6682-1993,谷物联合收割机橡胶履带系列参数,北京,国家标准出版社,1993
[16] 周春林、李志庆、吴俊峰等,JB/T 7862.2-2001,农业机械 切割器的动刀片、定刀片和刀杆,中国机械工业联合会 2001-09-03 批准,2001-12-01 实施
[17] Cz.卡那沃依斯基,曹宠文等译校,收获机械,北京,中国农业机械出版社, 1983,189-199
[18] 陈志,农业机械化工程,北京,中国农业机械学会,2002,182-200
[19] 冷树泉合陈俊宝,GB/T 8097 合 1996 ,收获机械联合收割机试验方法,北京,中国标准出版社,1996
[20] 马恒琪,洪良琛等,JB/T 6287-92,谷物联合收割机可靠性评定试验方法,北京,中国标准出版社,1992
[2] 吴福良,汤发明,刘建政等,油菜收获机研究再报,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,41-46
[3] 李耀明,我国油菜联合收割机的现状与展望,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,41-46
[4] 张毅、汤松 ,我国油菜生产现状分析与发展对策讨论,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京,2004,19-20
[5] 黄凤洪、郭萍梅等 ,生物柴油发展现状和展望,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京,2004,6-10
[6] 李云昌 ,低成本油菜品种遗传改良,见,中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会编,食物与能源安全战略中的中国油料—中国作物学会油料作物专业委员会第五届学术年会论文集,北京 2004,24-28
[7] 北京农业机械化学院主编,农业机械学(下册),北京,农业出版社,1981,320-323,331-350,350-359,369-422
[8] 陆庆惠,JB/T9778.1-1999,全喂入脱粒机 技术条件,中华人民共和国机械行业标准,国家机械工业局 1999-09-17 批准,2000-01-01 实施
[9]镇江农业机械学院主编,农业机械学(下册),北京,中国农业机械出版社,1982,7-42,43-50,105-151,230-234
[10]朱建勋,高产水稻收割机的研究,见上海市农业机械学会主编,上海市农业机械学会 2006 年学术年会论文集,上海,2006,57-63
[11]华南农学院农机教研室编,水稻联合收割机原理与设计,北京,中国农业机械出版社,1981,164-166
[12]李景晖,徐寿国,孙艾明,史健,液压技术在农业机械上的发展趋势,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十一届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2004,63-64
[13]萧方忠,静液压无级变速传动装置的开发与应用初探,见,胡伟,张宝苓主编,全国收获机技术与市场发展研究—第十届全国联合收获机技术发展与市场动态研究研讨会论文集,天津,2003,116
[14] 张兰星,何月娥编著,谷物收割机械理论与计算,吉林,吉林人民出版社,1980,1-10,26-58,60-141,204-205
[15] 萧林桦,JB/T 6682-1993,谷物联合收割机橡胶履带系列参数,北京,国家标准出版社,1993
[16] 周春林、李志庆、吴俊峰等,JB/T 7862.2-2001,农业机械 切割器的动刀片、定刀片和刀杆,中国机械工业联合会 2001-09-03 批准,2001-12-01 实施
[17] Cz.卡那沃依斯基,曹宠文等译校,收获机械,北京,中国农业机械出版社, 1983,189-199
[18] 陈志,农业机械化工程,北京,中国农业机械学会,2002,182-200
[19] 冷树泉合陈俊宝,GB/T 8097 合 1996 ,收获机械联合收割机试验方法,北京,中国标准出版社,1996
[20] 马恒琪,洪良琛等,JB/T 6287-92,谷物联合收割机可靠性评定试验方法,北京,中国标准出版社,1992