单轴并联式混合动力汽车能量管理策略的研究
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摘要
随着全球能源与环境问题的日益突出,开发低油耗、低排放的新型汽车成为当今汽车工业发展的首要任务。混合动力汽车融合了传统汽车和电动汽车的优点,是解决能源短缺和改善环境的有效手段之一,也是当代汽车发展的重要方向。
实现混合动力汽车良好整车性能的关键是能量管理策略的制定,开展能量管理策略的研究已成为开发混合动力汽车的重中之重。本文基于轻型商用车平台进行混合动力技术的研究,通过软件仿真对混合动力汽车的能量管理策略进行了研究,为整车开发奠定基础。文章主要进行了以下研究工作：
(1)根据项目总体设计方案及样车用途特点,整车采用了基于双离合器的单轴并联式混合动力总成结构。根据样车的各项设计指标,对动力系统关键部件进行了参数设计和选型。然后对动力系统各部件的匹配结果进行验证,验证结果表明本项目设计的动力系统能够满足车辆动力性能要求。
(2)建立整车动力系统仿真模型。在Matlab/Simulink软件中,采用理论与实验相结合的建模方式,完成对发动机、电机、动力电池系统、动力传动系统、车轮、整车动力学系统建模,同时建立了基于模糊PID控制的驾驶员模型。整车仿真模型的建立为下面的整车控制策略和参数研究提供了仿真基础。
(3)根据整车动力系统结构设计,提出转矩分配策略并以提高经济性为目标对其进行优化。在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真分析研究,仿真结果表明所设计的整车控制策略具有较好的控制和节能效果。
(4)以CRUISE与Matlab/Simulink为仿真平台,对传统型与混合动力汽车的燃油经济性进行仿真验证,两个平台仿真结果基本吻合,最大误差小于5%,满足实际工程要求。
As the global energy source and environmental issues become increasingly prominent, developing new low fuel consumption and low-emission vehicles has turned into the primary task of automobile industry. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) which combines the advantages of the traditional vehicles and electric vehicles is one of effective ways to solve the energy shortage problems and improve the environment condition, which is also an important developing direction for modern vehicles.
Energy management strategy is the key to achieve good vehicle Performance of HEV, the formulation of carrying out the research on energy management strategies has become the top priority of the HEV. This paper presents my research on the drive train of the hybrid electric light commercial vehicle. The HEV energy management strategy has been researched by the software simulation, setting up the foundation for vehicle development. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, according to the whole project design and usage of the vehicle, a single-axle parallel hybrid electronic system with two-clutches was adopted in the paper for the HEV. The parameters of the key components were computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system.Then the matching results of the components of the power system was verified, the results show that the power system designed in this paper can meet the performance of vehicle.
Second,the simulation model of the power system was built. Based on Matlab/Simulink, the theoretical and experimental approach were combined to build the modles,the models of the engine, motor, battery power system, powertrain, wheels, vehicle dynamic system were compeleted, while driver model was built based on fuzzy PID control.The simulation model provided a basis for anaiysing the vehicle control strategy.
Third,according to the design of the vehicle power system, torque distribution strategy was proposed and then optimized the strategy to improve the economy. Energy management strategy was simulated and analyzed in Matlab/simulink. The test results show that the performance of designed control system meets the design requirements, and the vehicle has a substantial increase in economic performance.
Finally, the fuel economy of the traditional vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles were simulated based on the CRUISE and Matlab/Simulink, the maximum error of the two simulation results is less than 5%, so it can meet the practical engineering requirements.
实现混合动力汽车良好整车性能的关键是能量管理策略的制定,开展能量管理策略的研究已成为开发混合动力汽车的重中之重。本文基于轻型商用车平台进行混合动力技术的研究,通过软件仿真对混合动力汽车的能量管理策略进行了研究,为整车开发奠定基础。文章主要进行了以下研究工作：
(1)根据项目总体设计方案及样车用途特点,整车采用了基于双离合器的单轴并联式混合动力总成结构。根据样车的各项设计指标,对动力系统关键部件进行了参数设计和选型。然后对动力系统各部件的匹配结果进行验证,验证结果表明本项目设计的动力系统能够满足车辆动力性能要求。
(2)建立整车动力系统仿真模型。在Matlab/Simulink软件中,采用理论与实验相结合的建模方式,完成对发动机、电机、动力电池系统、动力传动系统、车轮、整车动力学系统建模,同时建立了基于模糊PID控制的驾驶员模型。整车仿真模型的建立为下面的整车控制策略和参数研究提供了仿真基础。
(3)根据整车动力系统结构设计,提出转矩分配策略并以提高经济性为目标对其进行优化。在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真分析研究,仿真结果表明所设计的整车控制策略具有较好的控制和节能效果。
(4)以CRUISE与Matlab/Simulink为仿真平台,对传统型与混合动力汽车的燃油经济性进行仿真验证,两个平台仿真结果基本吻合,最大误差小于5%,满足实际工程要求。
As the global energy source and environmental issues become increasingly prominent, developing new low fuel consumption and low-emission vehicles has turned into the primary task of automobile industry. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) which combines the advantages of the traditional vehicles and electric vehicles is one of effective ways to solve the energy shortage problems and improve the environment condition, which is also an important developing direction for modern vehicles.
Energy management strategy is the key to achieve good vehicle Performance of HEV, the formulation of carrying out the research on energy management strategies has become the top priority of the HEV. This paper presents my research on the drive train of the hybrid electric light commercial vehicle. The HEV energy management strategy has been researched by the software simulation, setting up the foundation for vehicle development. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, according to the whole project design and usage of the vehicle, a single-axle parallel hybrid electronic system with two-clutches was adopted in the paper for the HEV. The parameters of the key components were computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system.Then the matching results of the components of the power system was verified, the results show that the power system designed in this paper can meet the performance of vehicle.
Second,the simulation model of the power system was built. Based on Matlab/Simulink, the theoretical and experimental approach were combined to build the modles,the models of the engine, motor, battery power system, powertrain, wheels, vehicle dynamic system were compeleted, while driver model was built based on fuzzy PID control.The simulation model provided a basis for anaiysing the vehicle control strategy.
Third,according to the design of the vehicle power system, torque distribution strategy was proposed and then optimized the strategy to improve the economy. Energy management strategy was simulated and analyzed in Matlab/simulink. The test results show that the performance of designed control system meets the design requirements, and the vehicle has a substantial increase in economic performance.
Finally, the fuel economy of the traditional vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles were simulated based on the CRUISE and Matlab/Simulink, the maximum error of the two simulation results is less than 5%, so it can meet the practical engineering requirements.
引文
[1]Antoni Szumanowski,混合电动车辆基础[M],北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001
[2]孙逢春.混合动力车辆的归类方法研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2002,22(1)：40-44.
[3]广濑久士,丹下昭二.电动车及混合动力车的现状与展望[J].汽车工程,2003,25(2)：204～209.
[4]殷德双,陈潼.丰田Prius混合动力电动汽车技术特征分析[J].上海汽车,2004,12：24-27.
[5]PNGV Program.U.S. Department of Commerce,1993.
[6]王军,冉金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(1)：71～74.
[8]张卫青.混合动力汽车的发展现状及其关键技术[J].重庆工学院学报,2006,20(5)：19～22.
[9]姜涛.混合动力汽车要解决的关键技术[J].汽车维修,2011年11期,9-11
[9]Lee C-C.Fuzzy logic in control systems:fuzzy logic controlle. Part I.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1990,20(2):404-418
[10]柳长立.电动汽车驱动系统的电动机选择[J],汽车技术,1995
[11]张雄飞、何天明、张献伟.新型混合动力汽车(PHEV)技术简介.城市车辆,2008-8.
[12]姜顺明.混合动力汽车动力匹配的研究,[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏大学,2001
[13]张金柱.混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[14]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[15]张科勋,童毅,李建秋,等.一体式起动发电机系统概述[J].汽车工程,2005(3)：377-380.
[16]刘家曦,李铁才,杨贵杰.永磁同步电机转子位置与速度预估[J].电机与控制学报,2009,13(5)：690-694.
[17]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[18]日本电气学会,电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会编,康龙云译.电动汽车最新技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[19]王沫然Simulink建模及动态仿真.北京：电子工业出版社,2002
[20]何仁.汽车动力性燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998
[21]王庆年,刘志茄,王伟华.混合动力正向仿真与建模[J].汽车工程,2005(4)：392～394.
[22]Advisor 2004说明书.
[23]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[24]石辛民.模糊控制机器MATLAB仿真[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[25]童毅.并联式混合动力系统动态协调控制问题的研究,[博士学位论文].北京：清华大学,2004
[26]Chan-Chiao Lin et al.Integrated,Feed-Forward Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation in SIMULINK and its Use for Power Management Studies.SAE 2001-01-1334
[27]Baumann B,Rizzoni G,Washington G.Intelligent control of hybrid vehicles using neural networks and fuzzy logic[J].SAE paper,981061:125-133.
[28]Kheir N A,Salman M A,Schouten N J.Emissions and fuel economy trade-off for hybrid vehicles using fuzzy logic[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2004, 66:155-172
[29]Wang A,Chen Y,Zhang R.A novel design of energy management system for hybrid electric vehicles using evolutionary computation[A].Proceedings of the 18th International Electric Vehicle Symposium [DB/CD]. Berlin,Germany:World Electric Vehicle Association,2001
[30]Zhang Rongjun,Chen Yaobin.Control of hybrid dynamical systems for electric vehicles[A]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference [C]. Arlington, VA,USA:IEEE,2001.2884-2889
[31]Jong-Seob Won,Reza Langari.Intelligent Energy Management Agent for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle.2003 IEEE,7803-7896.
[32]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993
[33]张欣,宋建锋,王大兴.并联式混合动力汽车多能源动力总成控制单元的研究与开发[J].高科技通讯,2003(2)：92.
[34]于永涛,曾小华等.混合动力汽车性能仿真软件的可用性仿真验证.[J].系统仿真学报,2009(1)
[2]孙逢春.混合动力车辆的归类方法研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2002,22(1)：40-44.
[3]广濑久士,丹下昭二.电动车及混合动力车的现状与展望[J].汽车工程,2003,25(2)：204～209.
[4]殷德双,陈潼.丰田Prius混合动力电动汽车技术特征分析[J].上海汽车,2004,12：24-27.
[5]PNGV Program.U.S. Department of Commerce,1993.
[6]王军,冉金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势[J].公路交通科技,2000,17(1)：71～74.
[8]张卫青.混合动力汽车的发展现状及其关键技术[J].重庆工学院学报,2006,20(5)：19～22.
[9]姜涛.混合动力汽车要解决的关键技术[J].汽车维修,2011年11期,9-11
[9]Lee C-C.Fuzzy logic in control systems:fuzzy logic controlle. Part I.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1990,20(2):404-418
[10]柳长立.电动汽车驱动系统的电动机选择[J],汽车技术,1995
[11]张雄飞、何天明、张献伟.新型混合动力汽车(PHEV)技术简介.城市车辆,2008-8.
[12]姜顺明.混合动力汽车动力匹配的研究,[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏大学,2001
[13]张金柱.混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[14]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[15]张科勋,童毅,李建秋,等.一体式起动发电机系统概述[J].汽车工程,2005(3)：377-380.
[16]刘家曦,李铁才,杨贵杰.永磁同步电机转子位置与速度预估[J].电机与控制学报,2009,13(5)：690-694.
[17]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[18]日本电气学会,电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会编,康龙云译.电动汽车最新技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[19]王沫然Simulink建模及动态仿真.北京：电子工业出版社,2002
[20]何仁.汽车动力性燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998
[21]王庆年,刘志茄,王伟华.混合动力正向仿真与建模[J].汽车工程,2005(4)：392～394.
[22]Advisor 2004说明书.
[23]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[24]石辛民.模糊控制机器MATLAB仿真[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[25]童毅.并联式混合动力系统动态协调控制问题的研究,[博士学位论文].北京：清华大学,2004
[26]Chan-Chiao Lin et al.Integrated,Feed-Forward Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation in SIMULINK and its Use for Power Management Studies.SAE 2001-01-1334
[27]Baumann B,Rizzoni G,Washington G.Intelligent control of hybrid vehicles using neural networks and fuzzy logic[J].SAE paper,981061:125-133.
[28]Kheir N A,Salman M A,Schouten N J.Emissions and fuel economy trade-off for hybrid vehicles using fuzzy logic[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2004, 66:155-172
[29]Wang A,Chen Y,Zhang R.A novel design of energy management system for hybrid electric vehicles using evolutionary computation[A].Proceedings of the 18th International Electric Vehicle Symposium [DB/CD]. Berlin,Germany:World Electric Vehicle Association,2001
[30]Zhang Rongjun,Chen Yaobin.Control of hybrid dynamical systems for electric vehicles[A]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference [C]. Arlington, VA,USA:IEEE,2001.2884-2889
[31]Jong-Seob Won,Reza Langari.Intelligent Energy Management Agent for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle.2003 IEEE,7803-7896.
[32]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993
[33]张欣,宋建锋,王大兴.并联式混合动力汽车多能源动力总成控制单元的研究与开发[J].高科技通讯,2003(2)：92.
[34]于永涛,曾小华等.混合动力汽车性能仿真软件的可用性仿真验证.[J].系统仿真学报,2009(1)