基于环境与荷载因素的混凝土率效应及破坏机理试验研究
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摘要
混凝土结构的强度、刚度和延性会受到加载速率的变化而产生显著影响,因而混凝土率效应特性和破坏机理也成为抗震安全评价中的关键性因素之一。本文在大量试验基础上对混凝土材料的率效应及其发生机理进行了系统的研究。利用三轴仪对混凝土在水饱和状态、有加载历史和双向受压状态下进行了动态抗压试验,对CT图像进行了破坏机理分析,累计完成247个试件的加载试验,共获取168组有效数据。主要研究内容如下：
第一,研究了水环境对混凝土率效应特性的影响。对大气自然湿度状态下的混凝土和水饱和混凝土在10-5/S、5×10-5/s、10-4/S、5×10-4/S应变速率下进行单轴抗压试验与4MPa、8MPa两种围压下的常三轴抗压试验,分析了在不同应变速率、不同围压下大气自然湿度状态和水饱和状态下的混凝土强度、变形特性及弹性模量等物理力学参数及性能的变化特性,并就水介质对混凝土率效应特性的影响程度与规律给出了明确结论,建立了三轴强度率效应经验公式。
第二,研究了不同荷载类型与加载历史对混凝土率效应特性的影响。对预静载历史和预循环加载历史的混凝土试件在同应变速率下进行单轴抗压试验,对比分析在不同预静载加载历史、预循环加载历史和应变速率下混凝土的峰值应力、峰值应变以及弹性模量等的变化规律。在高应变速率(10-3/s)作用下,加载历史对混凝土强度的影响作用减弱,当预静态加载历史幅值为60%的极限抗压强度时弹性模量达到最大值。在低应变速率(10-5/S)作用下,循环加载历史对混凝土强度的劣化更加明显。
第三,研究了单双向应力状态下混凝土的率效应特性。对大尺度混凝土试件进行了10-5/S、10-4/S和10-3/s应变速率下单轴压缩试验和在一向侧应力为0MPa、8.3MPa、5.6MPa、8.3MPa下的双轴压缩试验,对比并分析了混凝土的单轴受压和混凝土在不同侧应力下强度、变形特性以及弹性模量等力学性能,对其变化规律给出明确结论。
第四,基于CT图像分析了混凝土的破坏机理。通过CT实时对混凝土试件横断面在不同加载阶段进行了11次扫描和第9、10、11次加载进行了从外向里的切面扫描,分析了混凝土的破坏机理。对水饱和混凝土动态损伤与破坏形态从细观层面给出了清晰的描述,对其损伤与破坏机理给出了明确的解释。
Due to the strength, stiffness and ductility of the concrete structure will be subjected to the influence of loading rate. Therefore, rate effect and failure mechanism of concrete is one of the key factor in seismic safety evaluation. This paper attempted to experimentally and theorecitally study rate effect of concrete and its dynamic failure mechanism.The dynamic compression test of concrete was carried out under water saturated, loading history and biaxial compression by triaxial apparatus. And analyzed the destruction mechanism of concrete CT images. completed total247specimen loading test, selected168valid data sets for analysis. The main research contents are as follows:
First, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under water saturated. Uniaxial compression test and triaxial compression test of two confining pressure(4MPa>8MPa) of concrete under condition of atmospheric natural moisture and water saturated has been carried out at four loading rates(10-5/s、5×10-5/s、10-4/s、5×10-4/s) in this paper.The physical and mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus, the strength, the deformation were studied under the different strain rate and confining pressure. This paper gave a definite conclusion about the influence extent and rule of rate effect of concrete under water environment and established triaxial strength rate effect empirical formula.
Second, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under different load types and loading history. To study the dynamic uniaxial compression test of concrete under static load and cyclic loading history at there different strain rates. Comparatively analyzed the mechanical properties such as peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus of concrete under different static loadings history and strain rate. The mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed under different cyclic amplitude, cyclic frequency and strain rate. The influence of concrete strength was weakened by loading history at high strain rate (10"3/s). Modulus of elasticity has reached the maximum when static loading history of value is60%of the ultimate compressive strength. The degradation of concrete strength under cyclic loading historyis more clear at low strain rate (10-3/s).
Third, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under uniaxial and biaxial compression. Compression tests of concrete samples of large scale under uniaxial and biaxial compression at three loading rates (10-5/s,10-4/s,10-3/s) and four kinds of lateral stress levers (OMPa,2.8MPa,5.6MPa,8.4MPa). And the mechanical property of concrete as uniaxial compression strength, deformation characteristic and elastic modulus under uniaxial compression or different lateral stress levers were analysed, gave a clear conclusion about the variety regulation.
Fourth, the destruction mechanism of concrete was analyzed according to the images obtained from CT. Through the CT real-time of concrete specimen cross section at different loading stages11scanning and peripheral section and the section in the middle of the scan.concrete specimen cross-sectional was scaned11times at different loading stages and the ninth, tenth, eleventh loading stages were scaned from outside to inside. This paper gave a clear description of the water saturation concrete dynamic damage and failure pattern from the mesoscopic level and explainde the damage and failure mechanism.
第一,研究了水环境对混凝土率效应特性的影响。对大气自然湿度状态下的混凝土和水饱和混凝土在10-5/S、5×10-5/s、10-4/S、5×10-4/S应变速率下进行单轴抗压试验与4MPa、8MPa两种围压下的常三轴抗压试验,分析了在不同应变速率、不同围压下大气自然湿度状态和水饱和状态下的混凝土强度、变形特性及弹性模量等物理力学参数及性能的变化特性,并就水介质对混凝土率效应特性的影响程度与规律给出了明确结论,建立了三轴强度率效应经验公式。
第二,研究了不同荷载类型与加载历史对混凝土率效应特性的影响。对预静载历史和预循环加载历史的混凝土试件在同应变速率下进行单轴抗压试验,对比分析在不同预静载加载历史、预循环加载历史和应变速率下混凝土的峰值应力、峰值应变以及弹性模量等的变化规律。在高应变速率(10-3/s)作用下,加载历史对混凝土强度的影响作用减弱,当预静态加载历史幅值为60%的极限抗压强度时弹性模量达到最大值。在低应变速率(10-5/S)作用下,循环加载历史对混凝土强度的劣化更加明显。
第三,研究了单双向应力状态下混凝土的率效应特性。对大尺度混凝土试件进行了10-5/S、10-4/S和10-3/s应变速率下单轴压缩试验和在一向侧应力为0MPa、8.3MPa、5.6MPa、8.3MPa下的双轴压缩试验,对比并分析了混凝土的单轴受压和混凝土在不同侧应力下强度、变形特性以及弹性模量等力学性能,对其变化规律给出明确结论。
第四,基于CT图像分析了混凝土的破坏机理。通过CT实时对混凝土试件横断面在不同加载阶段进行了11次扫描和第9、10、11次加载进行了从外向里的切面扫描,分析了混凝土的破坏机理。对水饱和混凝土动态损伤与破坏形态从细观层面给出了清晰的描述,对其损伤与破坏机理给出了明确的解释。
Due to the strength, stiffness and ductility of the concrete structure will be subjected to the influence of loading rate. Therefore, rate effect and failure mechanism of concrete is one of the key factor in seismic safety evaluation. This paper attempted to experimentally and theorecitally study rate effect of concrete and its dynamic failure mechanism.The dynamic compression test of concrete was carried out under water saturated, loading history and biaxial compression by triaxial apparatus. And analyzed the destruction mechanism of concrete CT images. completed total247specimen loading test, selected168valid data sets for analysis. The main research contents are as follows:
First, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under water saturated. Uniaxial compression test and triaxial compression test of two confining pressure(4MPa>8MPa) of concrete under condition of atmospheric natural moisture and water saturated has been carried out at four loading rates(10-5/s、5×10-5/s、10-4/s、5×10-4/s) in this paper.The physical and mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus, the strength, the deformation were studied under the different strain rate and confining pressure. This paper gave a definite conclusion about the influence extent and rule of rate effect of concrete under water environment and established triaxial strength rate effect empirical formula.
Second, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under different load types and loading history. To study the dynamic uniaxial compression test of concrete under static load and cyclic loading history at there different strain rates. Comparatively analyzed the mechanical properties such as peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus of concrete under different static loadings history and strain rate. The mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed under different cyclic amplitude, cyclic frequency and strain rate. The influence of concrete strength was weakened by loading history at high strain rate (10"3/s). Modulus of elasticity has reached the maximum when static loading history of value is60%of the ultimate compressive strength. The degradation of concrete strength under cyclic loading historyis more clear at low strain rate (10-3/s).
Third, the rate effect of concrete was investigated detailedly under uniaxial and biaxial compression. Compression tests of concrete samples of large scale under uniaxial and biaxial compression at three loading rates (10-5/s,10-4/s,10-3/s) and four kinds of lateral stress levers (OMPa,2.8MPa,5.6MPa,8.4MPa). And the mechanical property of concrete as uniaxial compression strength, deformation characteristic and elastic modulus under uniaxial compression or different lateral stress levers were analysed, gave a clear conclusion about the variety regulation.
Fourth, the destruction mechanism of concrete was analyzed according to the images obtained from CT. Through the CT real-time of concrete specimen cross section at different loading stages11scanning and peripheral section and the section in the middle of the scan.concrete specimen cross-sectional was scaned11times at different loading stages and the ninth, tenth, eleventh loading stages were scaned from outside to inside. This paper gave a clear description of the water saturation concrete dynamic damage and failure pattern from the mesoscopic level and explainde the damage and failure mechanism.
引文
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