基于ARM的心电监护系统的研究与实现
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摘要
当今社会心血管疾病已成为威胁人类生命和健康的主要疾病之一,而心电监护仪可以对心脏病人的心电活动进行不间断的连续跟踪记录,是在临床监测与诊断心脏疾病的有效手段。心电监护仪是否能够及时准确捕捉到心律各种心电信号的异常变化,将会直接影响到医生对病人病情的正确判断和要采用后续治疗措施。所以对高性能动态心电监护系统的设计研究在临床医学上具有重要的意义。随着计算机软硬件技术,微电子技术,嵌入式技术的飞速发展,为此类设备的研制提供了很好的技术条件。
本论文在分析了心电信号特征基础上,根据心电信号弱,干扰多,选择合适的芯片,设计出合适的心电检测电路,检测电路的设计主要包括放大器设计、高通滤波器设计、低通滤波器设计和陷波器的设计,使处在多种噪声干扰下的微弱心电信号通过心电检测电路,检测出准确的心电波形,然后送到A/D转换器,将模拟心电信号转化成ARM能够处理的数字信号,本文采用ARM处理器是三星的s3c2440处理器来对采集的心电信号进行分析处理,然后送到显示屏上进行实时显示,同时将采集的心电数据存储到SD卡上保存,以备医生可以通过分析以前的心电图来提高对病人心脏疾病诊断的准确率。设计了报警模块,通过对心率的计算来来判断病人心跳是否正常,使病人在第一时间内得到救治。在软件方面,根据s3c2440的特点,选择合适BootLoade进行移植和Linux内核移植。分析设计了A/D转换的具体实现,分析设计了SD卡读写的具体实现,LCD显示的实现。
Nowadays angiocardiopathy has been one of disease that threaten human's life and health.ECG monitor can trace patient's electrocardiosignal continually, which would be an efficient method in clinical monitoring and diagnosis of heart disease. Whether ECG monitor system can trace all the electrocardiosignal on time correctly when all the monitored signal changed abnormally, it would affect doctor's diagnose to the patient correctly and the continual treatment. So design and research of high-reliable dynamic ECG monitor system can make great significance in clinical medicine.And the development of technology in the fields of software and hardware of computer science, micro-electronic and embedded, can support very well for studying the such device.
This paper designs a proper detection circuit in this paper with appropriate computer chip selected, and the paper, based on the analysis of electrocardiosignal, focus on weakness of electrocardiosignal, mass of disturbance signal.Designing of this circuit includes analysis and design of amplifier,high-pass filter and low-pass filter, which makes weak electrocardiosignal access the circuit in mass of electrical noise.Then filter accurate wave, and transmit to A/D module.During the procedure of signal transforming, the original signal can be recognized by ARM processor.This paper choose samsung s3c2440 processor to analysis the collected signal, and display on screen in real-time, and save the electrocardiosignal data in SD storage, for fear that doctor analysis by himself to improve the accurate rate in detecting patient's heart disease.Designing alarm module, by calculating rhythm of the heart to detect whether a patient's heartbeat is normal, can makes patient get treatment without delay.In software module, this paper choose appropriate bootloader and embedded linux kernel to transplant.and this paper analysises specific implement of A/D transform SD storage and LCD.
本论文在分析了心电信号特征基础上,根据心电信号弱,干扰多,选择合适的芯片,设计出合适的心电检测电路,检测电路的设计主要包括放大器设计、高通滤波器设计、低通滤波器设计和陷波器的设计,使处在多种噪声干扰下的微弱心电信号通过心电检测电路,检测出准确的心电波形,然后送到A/D转换器,将模拟心电信号转化成ARM能够处理的数字信号,本文采用ARM处理器是三星的s3c2440处理器来对采集的心电信号进行分析处理,然后送到显示屏上进行实时显示,同时将采集的心电数据存储到SD卡上保存,以备医生可以通过分析以前的心电图来提高对病人心脏疾病诊断的准确率。设计了报警模块,通过对心率的计算来来判断病人心跳是否正常,使病人在第一时间内得到救治。在软件方面,根据s3c2440的特点,选择合适BootLoade进行移植和Linux内核移植。分析设计了A/D转换的具体实现,分析设计了SD卡读写的具体实现,LCD显示的实现。
Nowadays angiocardiopathy has been one of disease that threaten human's life and health.ECG monitor can trace patient's electrocardiosignal continually, which would be an efficient method in clinical monitoring and diagnosis of heart disease. Whether ECG monitor system can trace all the electrocardiosignal on time correctly when all the monitored signal changed abnormally, it would affect doctor's diagnose to the patient correctly and the continual treatment. So design and research of high-reliable dynamic ECG monitor system can make great significance in clinical medicine.And the development of technology in the fields of software and hardware of computer science, micro-electronic and embedded, can support very well for studying the such device.
This paper designs a proper detection circuit in this paper with appropriate computer chip selected, and the paper, based on the analysis of electrocardiosignal, focus on weakness of electrocardiosignal, mass of disturbance signal.Designing of this circuit includes analysis and design of amplifier,high-pass filter and low-pass filter, which makes weak electrocardiosignal access the circuit in mass of electrical noise.Then filter accurate wave, and transmit to A/D module.During the procedure of signal transforming, the original signal can be recognized by ARM processor.This paper choose samsung s3c2440 processor to analysis the collected signal, and display on screen in real-time, and save the electrocardiosignal data in SD storage, for fear that doctor analysis by himself to improve the accurate rate in detecting patient's heart disease.Designing alarm module, by calculating rhythm of the heart to detect whether a patient's heartbeat is normal, can makes patient get treatment without delay.In software module, this paper choose appropriate bootloader and embedded linux kernel to transplant.and this paper analysises specific implement of A/D transform SD storage and LCD.
引文
[1]蔡建新.张唯真.生物医学电子学.北京：北京大学出版社.,1997.2：35～36
[2]郭继鸿,张萍.动态心电图学.北京：人民卫生出版社,2003.3：32-35
[3]白霄波.基于单片机的便携式心电监测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文]成都,西南交通大学,2005.3：2-36
[4]Low Cost,Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier.Analog Devices,Inc,1999
[5]齐颂扬 医学仪器高等教育出版社,1990.3：106～112
[6]Bruce Carter.The PCB is a component of op amp design.Analog Applications Journal,2000,August:42-47
[7]王林泓 动态心电信号分析系统的研究：‘[硕士学位论文]重庆,重庆大学,2002.6.6-8
[8]孙戈 基于S3C2440的嵌入式Linux开发实例西安电子科技大学出版社2010.5：61-62
[9]冯国进著.嵌入式Linux驱动程序设计从入门到精通.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.11：229～233
[10]蒋阅峰,杨燕红.基于ARM处理器和CF卡的动态心电监护系统,电子测量与仪器学报,2006
[11]杨宏丽,张庆平.基于LabvIEw的心电信号检测处理系统设计,现代电子技术,2006
[12]张笑微,冯焕清.低功耗超大存储容量的动态心电记录仪的设计,电子技术应用,2004
[13]张帷,张石,鲍喜荣等.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计,医疗设备信息,2005
[14]郑桦,清邢,徐智弯.构造嵌入式LINUX的文件系统.嵌入式应用.2004.20(8)：30～32
[15]王学龙.嵌入式Linux的设计与应用.清华大学出版社,2001
[16]周玉珍.简明心电图手册.北京：人民军医出版社,2002
[17]纪卫东,彭明辰.一种适合于长时间实时心电监护系统的心律失常事件分类方法.医疗设备信息,1997
[20]李德华,宁新宝.临床诊断心电信号波形参数拐点检测算法研究.南京师范大学学报：工程技术版,2004
[21]MSP430X1XX Family users guide.Texas Instruments,2004
[22]Amplifier to ADC interface.Analog Application Handbook,2003
[23]Enrique combos,Eckart Hartmann.ECG Front End Design is Simplified with MicroConverter.Analog Dialogue,2003,11-37
[24]Zywietz C,Willems JL,Arnaud P, et al Stability of computer ECG amplitude measurements in the presence of noise.Comput Biomed Res 1990,23:10-31
[25]Daskalov IK,Christov II.Electrocadiogram signal preprocessing for automatic detection of QRS boundaries.Medical Engineering and Physics,1999,21:37-44
[26]Seongsoo Hong,Embedded Linux Outlook in the PostPC Industry. Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,2003.Sixth IEEE International Symposium on14-16 May 2003
[27]ARM Limited Corporation.ARM Architecture Reference Manual.ARM Limited Corporation,1996-2000
[28]ARM Limited Corporation.ARM Developer Suite Versionl.2 Developer Guide. ARM Limited Corporation,1999-2001
[29]Samsung electronics.S3C2410 user's manual.Samsung electronic,2003
[30]S3C2410 320Bit RISC Microprocessor User's manual,Revrsion 1.2.Samsung Electronics,2003
[31]张华强,乔晓林.家庭心电图仪及远程诊断系统.黑龙江自动化技术与应用,1999
[32]王静,刘夏伟.基于Linux的嵌入式系统的启动设计.电子科技.2004
[33]Raj Kamal著.陈曙晖等译.嵌入式系统体系、结构与设计.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[34]Waynewol嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京：机械工业出版社,2002
[35]宋国军,张侃谕,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-BOOT基本特点及其移植方法,2004
[36]慕春棣.嵌入式系统的构建.北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[37]DanielP.Bovet&Marco.Cesati深入理解Linux内核.北京：中国电力出版社,2004
[38]金晶,浦汉来,朱莉.基于FLASH存储器的嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现.电子器件.2003
[39]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[40]熊光泽,罗蕾.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向.计算机应用.2000
[41]顾喜梅,顾宝根.基于Linux的文件系统机制的研究及实现方法.计算机工程与设计.2002
[42]刘森,嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开.北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2006
[43]NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTORhie datasheet,1999
[44]TEXASINSTR MENTSInc, TL084datasheet,1999
[45]邹波,柴继红.基于ARM处理器的心电血压监护仪的研制,医疗装备,2005
[46蒋阅峰,杨燕红.基于ARM处理器和CF卡的动态心电监护系统,电子测量与仪器学报,2006
[47]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[48]张笑微,冯焕清.低功耗超大存储容量的动态心电记录仪的设计,电子技术应用,2004
[49]张帷,张石,鲍喜荣等.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计,医疗设备信息,2005
[50]王保化.生物医学电子学.四川：高等教育出版社,1988
[51]周立功.ARM嵌入式软件开发实例(二),北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[52]李亚峰,欧文盛等.ARM嵌入式Linux系统开发从入门到精通,北京,清华大学出版社,2007
[53]Alessandro Rubini.Linux Deviee Drivers.USA:0, Reily&Assoulales,2006
[54]Terrence Fong,Sebastien Grange,Charles Thorpe,Charles Baur.Multirobot remote driving With collaborative control[J].IEEE International Workshop onRobot-Human Interactive Communication,Bordeaux and Paris,2001
[55]SIEMENS.AT Conunand Set Siemens Cellular Engines.03.10. Germany: Siemens AG,2005
[2]郭继鸿,张萍.动态心电图学.北京：人民卫生出版社,2003.3：32-35
[3]白霄波.基于单片机的便携式心电监测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文]成都,西南交通大学,2005.3：2-36
[4]Low Cost,Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier.Analog Devices,Inc,1999
[5]齐颂扬 医学仪器高等教育出版社,1990.3：106～112
[6]Bruce Carter.The PCB is a component of op amp design.Analog Applications Journal,2000,August:42-47
[7]王林泓 动态心电信号分析系统的研究：‘[硕士学位论文]重庆,重庆大学,2002.6.6-8
[8]孙戈 基于S3C2440的嵌入式Linux开发实例西安电子科技大学出版社2010.5：61-62
[9]冯国进著.嵌入式Linux驱动程序设计从入门到精通.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.11：229～233
[10]蒋阅峰,杨燕红.基于ARM处理器和CF卡的动态心电监护系统,电子测量与仪器学报,2006
[11]杨宏丽,张庆平.基于LabvIEw的心电信号检测处理系统设计,现代电子技术,2006
[12]张笑微,冯焕清.低功耗超大存储容量的动态心电记录仪的设计,电子技术应用,2004
[13]张帷,张石,鲍喜荣等.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计,医疗设备信息,2005
[14]郑桦,清邢,徐智弯.构造嵌入式LINUX的文件系统.嵌入式应用.2004.20(8)：30～32
[15]王学龙.嵌入式Linux的设计与应用.清华大学出版社,2001
[16]周玉珍.简明心电图手册.北京：人民军医出版社,2002
[17]纪卫东,彭明辰.一种适合于长时间实时心电监护系统的心律失常事件分类方法.医疗设备信息,1997
[20]李德华,宁新宝.临床诊断心电信号波形参数拐点检测算法研究.南京师范大学学报：工程技术版,2004
[21]MSP430X1XX Family users guide.Texas Instruments,2004
[22]Amplifier to ADC interface.Analog Application Handbook,2003
[23]Enrique combos,Eckart Hartmann.ECG Front End Design is Simplified with MicroConverter.Analog Dialogue,2003,11-37
[24]Zywietz C,Willems JL,Arnaud P, et al Stability of computer ECG amplitude measurements in the presence of noise.Comput Biomed Res 1990,23:10-31
[25]Daskalov IK,Christov II.Electrocadiogram signal preprocessing for automatic detection of QRS boundaries.Medical Engineering and Physics,1999,21:37-44
[26]Seongsoo Hong,Embedded Linux Outlook in the PostPC Industry. Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,2003.Sixth IEEE International Symposium on14-16 May 2003
[27]ARM Limited Corporation.ARM Architecture Reference Manual.ARM Limited Corporation,1996-2000
[28]ARM Limited Corporation.ARM Developer Suite Versionl.2 Developer Guide. ARM Limited Corporation,1999-2001
[29]Samsung electronics.S3C2410 user's manual.Samsung electronic,2003
[30]S3C2410 320Bit RISC Microprocessor User's manual,Revrsion 1.2.Samsung Electronics,2003
[31]张华强,乔晓林.家庭心电图仪及远程诊断系统.黑龙江自动化技术与应用,1999
[32]王静,刘夏伟.基于Linux的嵌入式系统的启动设计.电子科技.2004
[33]Raj Kamal著.陈曙晖等译.嵌入式系统体系、结构与设计.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[34]Waynewol嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京：机械工业出版社,2002
[35]宋国军,张侃谕,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-BOOT基本特点及其移植方法,2004
[36]慕春棣.嵌入式系统的构建.北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[37]DanielP.Bovet&Marco.Cesati深入理解Linux内核.北京：中国电力出版社,2004
[38]金晶,浦汉来,朱莉.基于FLASH存储器的嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现.电子器件.2003
[39]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[40]熊光泽,罗蕾.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向.计算机应用.2000
[41]顾喜梅,顾宝根.基于Linux的文件系统机制的研究及实现方法.计算机工程与设计.2002
[42]刘森,嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开.北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2006
[43]NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTORhie datasheet,1999
[44]TEXASINSTR MENTSInc, TL084datasheet,1999
[45]邹波,柴继红.基于ARM处理器的心电血压监护仪的研制,医疗装备,2005
[46蒋阅峰,杨燕红.基于ARM处理器和CF卡的动态心电监护系统,电子测量与仪器学报,2006
[47]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[48]张笑微,冯焕清.低功耗超大存储容量的动态心电记录仪的设计,电子技术应用,2004
[49]张帷,张石,鲍喜荣等.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计,医疗设备信息,2005
[50]王保化.生物医学电子学.四川：高等教育出版社,1988
[51]周立功.ARM嵌入式软件开发实例(二),北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[52]李亚峰,欧文盛等.ARM嵌入式Linux系统开发从入门到精通,北京,清华大学出版社,2007
[53]Alessandro Rubini.Linux Deviee Drivers.USA:0, Reily&Assoulales,2006
[54]Terrence Fong,Sebastien Grange,Charles Thorpe,Charles Baur.Multirobot remote driving With collaborative control[J].IEEE International Workshop onRobot-Human Interactive Communication,Bordeaux and Paris,2001
[55]SIEMENS.AT Conunand Set Siemens Cellular Engines.03.10. Germany: Siemens AG,2005