用于灵敏轴承故障诊断的动态摩擦力矩采集系统
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摘要
灵敏轴承主要用于航天、航空、舰船以及精确制导武器等的高精度导航系统领域,其摩擦力矩的大小和波动性直接影响导航系统的定向和定位精度以及轴承的寿命,甚至威胁主机的安全。它的摩擦力矩及其波动性涉及到轴承结构参数、材料性能、工况条件以及润滑剂等多因素,是个十分复杂的问题,摩擦力矩及其波动性越小,轴承工作的稳定性和精度也就越高。
本文首先从课题的研究背景与目的出发,根据轴承动态摩擦力矩测量仪的工作原理明确了系统的总体设计思想,为提高系统采集的精度,制定了相关的硬件方面的改进方案,配置了完成系统所需的硬件,还采取了相关的抗电磁干扰措施;然后详细给出了摩擦力矩采集系统的软件实现。最后,对实验所得数据进行了故障因素的统计分析,建立了故障诊断模型。
基于虚拟仪器技术的轴承动态摩擦力矩采集分析系统实现了轴承摩擦力矩信号的高速大容量的数据采集,保证了数据分析精度,实现了采样数据的实时存储、显示、并可进行时域、频域分析,为构成基于摩擦力矩的航天轴承故障诊断系统做了大量基础性工作。
在理论上,本文利用统计学在故障诊断方面的应用,建立的动态摩擦力矩诊断模型其诊断准确率达到70%,为灵敏轴承的动态摩擦力矩诊断提出了一种理论研究方向;在应用上,经改进的灵敏轴承动态摩擦力矩测量系统精度上提高了约1.4%,能够更准确的反映出力矩的实际波形,可以方便灵敏轴承生产厂家和用户对产品的动态摩擦力矩进行检测及分析,为生产和使用具有更高可靠度的精密轴承提供了的理论支持与改进途径。
Sensitive bearings are mainly used in the domain of high accuracy navigation such as aerospace, aviation, ships and precision guided munitions as well. The values and volatility of friction moment related to sensitive bearings directly affect the orientation and precision of the navigation saystem as well as longevity of the bearings, even threatening main engine’s security. There are multi-factors affecting friction moment and volatility such as the bearing structure parameter, the material performance, the operating condition, and lubricant, etc, which is a complex problem. The less the friction and volatility is, the higher the stability and precision will be.
This dissertation starts from the introduction to the background and the goal of the research. Based on the working principles of the bearing dynamic friction moment measuring instruments, systematic design thought is specifically formulated. To enhance the precision of system gathering, the improvement program related to hardware is worked out: the hardware which the system needed is equipped, the related anti-electromagnetic interference measure has also been taken. Then the detailed software realization of friction moment gathering system is put forward. Finally, statistical analysis of the breakdown factors, of which the data are obtained from test, is carried out. And the failure diagnosis model is established.
The bearing dynamic friction moment gathering analysis system based on the virtual instrument technology has realized data acquisition of bearing friction moment signals with high speed and large capacity, guaranteing the precision of data analysis, realizing real-time memory and demonstration of the sampled data, carrying on time domain analysis and frequency range analysis. Much work had been done to make up the bearing diagnose system based on the friction moment.
In theory, through application of statistics to the failure diagnosis, the establishment dynamic friction moment diagnostic model has achieved diagnosis accuracy rate of 70%, then proposing one kind of theoretical research direction for the sensitive bearing's dynamic friction moment diagnosis. In application, the improved sensitive bearing dynamic friction moment measurement system increases its precision by approximately 1.4%, more accurately reflecting actual profile of moment. Therefore, this research facilitates the manufacturers and the users of sensitive bearing in the examination and the analysis of the product-related dynamic friction moment, and also provides theoretical support for and the improvement way of producing and employing precision bearings with higher reliability.
本文首先从课题的研究背景与目的出发,根据轴承动态摩擦力矩测量仪的工作原理明确了系统的总体设计思想,为提高系统采集的精度,制定了相关的硬件方面的改进方案,配置了完成系统所需的硬件,还采取了相关的抗电磁干扰措施;然后详细给出了摩擦力矩采集系统的软件实现。最后,对实验所得数据进行了故障因素的统计分析,建立了故障诊断模型。
基于虚拟仪器技术的轴承动态摩擦力矩采集分析系统实现了轴承摩擦力矩信号的高速大容量的数据采集,保证了数据分析精度,实现了采样数据的实时存储、显示、并可进行时域、频域分析,为构成基于摩擦力矩的航天轴承故障诊断系统做了大量基础性工作。
在理论上,本文利用统计学在故障诊断方面的应用,建立的动态摩擦力矩诊断模型其诊断准确率达到70%,为灵敏轴承的动态摩擦力矩诊断提出了一种理论研究方向;在应用上,经改进的灵敏轴承动态摩擦力矩测量系统精度上提高了约1.4%,能够更准确的反映出力矩的实际波形,可以方便灵敏轴承生产厂家和用户对产品的动态摩擦力矩进行检测及分析,为生产和使用具有更高可靠度的精密轴承提供了的理论支持与改进途径。
Sensitive bearings are mainly used in the domain of high accuracy navigation such as aerospace, aviation, ships and precision guided munitions as well. The values and volatility of friction moment related to sensitive bearings directly affect the orientation and precision of the navigation saystem as well as longevity of the bearings, even threatening main engine’s security. There are multi-factors affecting friction moment and volatility such as the bearing structure parameter, the material performance, the operating condition, and lubricant, etc, which is a complex problem. The less the friction and volatility is, the higher the stability and precision will be.
This dissertation starts from the introduction to the background and the goal of the research. Based on the working principles of the bearing dynamic friction moment measuring instruments, systematic design thought is specifically formulated. To enhance the precision of system gathering, the improvement program related to hardware is worked out: the hardware which the system needed is equipped, the related anti-electromagnetic interference measure has also been taken. Then the detailed software realization of friction moment gathering system is put forward. Finally, statistical analysis of the breakdown factors, of which the data are obtained from test, is carried out. And the failure diagnosis model is established.
The bearing dynamic friction moment gathering analysis system based on the virtual instrument technology has realized data acquisition of bearing friction moment signals with high speed and large capacity, guaranteing the precision of data analysis, realizing real-time memory and demonstration of the sampled data, carrying on time domain analysis and frequency range analysis. Much work had been done to make up the bearing diagnose system based on the friction moment.
In theory, through application of statistics to the failure diagnosis, the establishment dynamic friction moment diagnostic model has achieved diagnosis accuracy rate of 70%, then proposing one kind of theoretical research direction for the sensitive bearing's dynamic friction moment diagnosis. In application, the improved sensitive bearing dynamic friction moment measurement system increases its precision by approximately 1.4%, more accurately reflecting actual profile of moment. Therefore, this research facilitates the manufacturers and the users of sensitive bearing in the examination and the analysis of the product-related dynamic friction moment, and also provides theoretical support for and the improvement way of producing and employing precision bearings with higher reliability.
引文
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[8] Gentle C.R.,Pasdari M.Measurement of cage and pocket friction in a ball beating for use in a simulation program[J].ASLE Transactions,1985,28(4):536-541.
[9] Gapta P.K.Friction insFigilities in ball bearings[J].Tribology Transactions,1988,31(2):258-268.
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[29]陈锡辉,张银鸿.LabVIEW8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:4-30.
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[41]白云,高育鹏等.基于LabVIEW的数据采集与处理技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2009.
[42]张兢,卢凤兰,余成波.基于DAQ数据采集卡的虚拟仪器通用硬件平台设计[J].重庆工学院学报,2001,15(2):42-44.
[43]夏新涛,贾晨辉,王中宇.滚动轴承摩擦力矩的非线性特征.农业机械学报. 2009(4): 202-205.
[44]吕琛,王桂增.一种用于滚动轴承故障诊断的方法[J],吉林大学学报,2004(7).
[45]万长森.滚动轴承的分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[46]朱继海.非稳态振动信号分析.振动与冲击[J],2000(1),86—87.
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[2]李建华,邓四二,马纯民.陀螺仪框架灵敏轴承摩擦力矩影响因素分析[J].轴承,2006(7):4-7.
[3]马小梅,邓四二,梁波等.航天轴承摩擦力矩的试验分析[J].轴承,2005(10):22-24.
[4]李兴林.影响密封轴承摩擦力矩的主要因素分析[J].轴承,1993(4):23-26.
[5]角田和雄.玉軸受の摩擦発生機構(1)[J].機構學.1965(2):645-648.
[6]张航编译.国外航天精密轴承技术状况.国外航天轴承[M]. 1999,1-l7.
[7] M.J.Todd,Stevens K.T.Frictional Torque of Angular Contact Ball Bearings with Different Conformities[R].National Centre of Tribology,Risley,European Space Tribology Lab.ESA-CR(P)-1221,1987,7.
[8] Gentle C.R.,Pasdari M.Measurement of cage and pocket friction in a ball beating for use in a simulation program[J].ASLE Transactions,1985,28(4):536-541.
[9] Gapta P.K.Friction insFigilities in ball bearings[J].Tribology Transactions,1988,31(2):258-268.
[10] Rodionov E.M.Moments Originating from Errors in the Form of Rolling Surfaces of a Ball Bearing [R].Foreign Technology Div Wright-Patterson AFB,Ohio,FTD-HT-66-374,1966,12.
[11] Yokoyama,Kazuhiro;Tohyama,Akira;Suzuki,Takamasa,Evaluation of friction torque of rolling bearing[J].Journal of Japan Society for Precision Engineering,1996,62(2):210-214.
[12]高奋武,邓四二等.非接触式轴承启动摩擦力矩测量仪[J].轴承,2009(4):39-42.
[13] Belloni, F.; Riva, M.; Pujara, H.D.. Dynamic virtual test of power electronics converters[C]. Conference Proceedings-Synergy of Science and Technology in Instrumentation and Measurement, 2007:47-49.
[14]王雷,张华良等.滚动轴承故障智能诊断系统[J].轴承,2006(8):31-33.
[15]朱江红.低速球轴承摩擦力矩的分析研究[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2006(6):20-25.
[16]方乾.高灵敏微型轴承制造中的关键技术[J].机械工程师, 2004(9):44-45
[17]袁哲俊,王先逵.精密和超精密加工技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[18] Palani, A.; Jayashankar,V.;Jagadeeshkumar,V.. Instrumentation for onsite measurements on power transformers[C]. Conference Proceedings- Synergy of Science and Technology in Instrumentation and Measurement, 2007.
[19]柏林,王见.虚拟仪器及其在机械测试中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:3-59.
[20]杨乐平,李海涛.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2003:395-399.
[21]王建林,刘静宜.虚拟集成测试与虚拟仪器技术[J].北京化工大学学报,2001,28(2):84-88.
[22]李止军.计算机测控系统设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:512-515.
[23]高西全,丁美玉,阔永红.数字信号处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[24]邢姐娟,杨世忠.虚拟仪器的原理及发展.山西电子技术[J],2006(1),90～91.
[25]周利清,苏菲.数字信号处理基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005.147～255.
[26]刘君华,郭会军,赵向阳,等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计(第一版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1-2.
[27] National Instruments Corporation. Using External Code in LabVIEW[J]. 2000: 23-28.
[28]石博强,赵德永,李畅,等.LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:199-202.
[29]陈锡辉,张银鸿.LabVIEW8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:4-30.
[30]张桐,陈国顺.精通LabVIEW程序设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008:15-30.
[31]徐晓东.LabVIEW8.5常用功能与编程实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2009:140-194.
[32] Aw, K.C.;Xie, S.Q.; Bennett, Hamish. Development of a LabVIEW-based pseudo real-time shaker controller [J]. International Journal of Automation and Control, 2008, 4(2): 526-537.
[33] Wong, William. LabVIEW embraces graphical object-oriented programming [J]. Electronic Design, 2006, 54(21):38-40.
[34] Akram, Gasmelseed; Jasmy, Yunus. Numerical simulation of the FDTD method in LabVIEW [J]. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2007, 8(6):90-99.
[35] Falcon, Jeanne Sullivan. LabVIEW State Diagram Toolkit for the design and implementation of discrete-event systems[C]. Proceedings-Eighth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2006:469-470.
[36] Ponce, Pedro; Ramirez, Fernando; Medina, Veronica. A novel neuro-fuzzy controller genetically enhanced using LabVIEW[C]. Proceedings-34th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2008:1559-1565.
[37] Yuan,Weihua; Cheng,Lan; Yang,Zhenghua. Using DLL for PC/104 data acquiring in LabVIEW platform[C]. 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI, 2007:4878-4881.
[38] Winstead, Vincent. Applied engineering with LabVIEW: Experiences from a plug-in hybrid project. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2008, 2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.
[39]孙秋野. LabVIEW8.5快速入门与提高.西安交通大学出版社,2009.
[40]雷振山. LabVIEW高级编程与虚拟仪器工程应用.中国铁道出版社,2009.
[41]白云,高育鹏等.基于LabVIEW的数据采集与处理技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2009.
[42]张兢,卢凤兰,余成波.基于DAQ数据采集卡的虚拟仪器通用硬件平台设计[J].重庆工学院学报,2001,15(2):42-44.
[43]夏新涛,贾晨辉,王中宇.滚动轴承摩擦力矩的非线性特征.农业机械学报. 2009(4): 202-205.
[44]吕琛,王桂增.一种用于滚动轴承故障诊断的方法[J],吉林大学学报,2004(7).
[45]万长森.滚动轴承的分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[46]朱继海.非稳态振动信号分析.振动与冲击[J],2000(1),86—87.
[47]靳同红,莫正波,郑德亮等.时频分析技术及应用研究.机械科学与技术,2009(1),75～78
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