基于AIS的港口引航生产安全监控管理系统开发与应用
|
摘要
随着计算机技术、通讯技术、图像视频处理技术以及3S技术的发展和成熟,海事交通管理数字化进程在我国悄然兴起,尤其在港口海事交通管理中,计算机技术正逐步取代传统的管理模式,计算机技术将各种离散的海事交通信息集成与一体,各种航运信息相互融合,相互参照,不仅提供高了海事交通信息的准确性和可靠性,单就航运安全的角度讲,基于计算机技术的现代航运管理系统,极大的促进了航运安全以及航运的效率。目前我国已开发出自己的电子海图系统(ECDIS),以及AIS产品,在海事信息管理系统中AIS是重要的信息源,因此,在开发海事信息管理系统中,重要的一步就是完成AIS信息与电子海图系统叠加,本文正是基于此项目的考虑,将AIS信息叠加显示在海图上,并将显示的信息用于港口引航管理。研究出一套具有即时监控管理引航船舶的智能引航(安全监控)管理系统。
论文研究的重点包括以下几个方面:
1、围绕引航业务流程和港口引航对船舶安全航行的管理要求,对港口引航监控的实际需求及如何运用现有的各种信息技术来实现这些需求进行了全面的分析。
2、AIS信息的解读和显示。AIS由显示(包括:ECDIS,ECS,ARPA,PC)、数据采集(GPS,HDG,COG)和通讯(VHF)三个单元组成。其中以通讯方式和协议最为复杂,本文深入研究AIS的通讯协议,以及AIS的数据格式,完成了对实时接受到的AIS信息在电子海图上显示的功能。
3、构建引航业务数据库,以上海引航管理站为研究对象,对引航管理站的业务进行了疏理和综合,以ER模型为理论基础构建了上海引航管理站数据库。结合AIS动态信息,本系统不仅完成了AIS信息在海图上的动态实时显示,在数据库的支撑下,构建出符合同一信息在不同模块中相互关联的数据结构,实现了系统的智能化管理。同时,针对引航业务的特点,论文还对指定船舶实施实时跟踪功能进行研究,实现了各种报警功能,如港内限速功能。还对海图功能进行了适当的扩展,如手动添加禁航区等功能;碰撞报警,遇险报警,辅助决策,港口应急等功能在本系统中都有相应的考虑。
港口引航是一个港口一个国家直接对外的部门,每天都接待不同国家的船舶,是外界了解一个港口的直接手段,引航效率的高低在某些程度上直接影响一个港口甚至一个国家的形象,在目前国际港口由第二代向第三代数字化港口转型的关键时机,研究海事交通信息管理系统的关键技术,对开发出具有我国自主知识产权的先进信息系统无疑具有重要意义,这也符合我国十一五规划要求海事交通管理发展水平达到中等发达国家水平的要求。
With the development and maturity of computer technology,communication technology and the video image processing technology and the 3S technology,the maritime traffic management digitalization emerge in our country,especially in the port maritime traffic management.The traditional management patterns are being replaced by the computer technology step by step.The dispersed information of vessel traffic is integrated with the computer technology.Various shipping information mix together and refer each other to improve the accuracy and the reliability of the maritime traffic information.From the angle of shipping safety,the modern shipping management system based on computer technology promotes the shipping efficiency and the shipping safety.At present,we have developed the electronic chart display an information system(EDCIS) and the AIS products.AIS is an important message source in the maritime information management system.Therefore,the combination between AIS information and the electronic chart display an information system is a very important step in developing the maritime information management system. Considering that,the thesis produces a smart pilotage(safety monitoring) management system with immediate monitoring management piloting ships,combined with AIS information displaying on the chart,which can be used in the harbor pilotage management.
The emphasis of the thesis includes the following parts:
(1) The complete analysis of the requirement of vessel safety shipping,the actual need of harbor pilotage monitoring and various information technologies to realize the need;
(2) The interpretation and display of the AIS information.AIS is made up of three units,that is,display(including ECDIS,ECS,ARPA,PC),data collection(GPS,HDG, COG) and communication(VHF).The communication methods and agreements are the most complex.The thesis realizes the function of real-time receiving AIS information displaying on the electronic chart through deep researching the communication agreement and the data format of AIS;
(3) Establish the pilotage database based on Shanghai pilotage management center as the author's subject.And the database of Shanghai pilotage management center was established based on the theory of the ER model through carding and integration the work of pilotage management center.Combined with the AIS dynamic-information,the system not only realizes the dynamic real-time display of the AIS information on the chart but also establishes the relevant data format in the different module accord with the same information on the basis of database in order to realize the systemic intelligent management.Meanwhile,focus on the characteristics of pilotage,the thesis also studies the real-time tracking capabilities of the appointed vessel and realizes various alarm capabilities,such as,speed limit in the harbor.The function of chart is also developed, such as,add up to the non-shipping area manually etc.;collision alarm,distress alarm, assistant decision-making and emergency in the harbor etc.functions are considered in the system.
Harbor piloting is a department of a harbor or a country open to other countries, which pilots the vessels from the different countries every day.It is a direct way to know the harbor.The pilotage efficiency affect directly the images of a harbor even a country to some extent.At present,when the international harbors transform from second to third digitization,the research on the key technique of the maritime traffic information management system has significant meaning to the modern information system of our country's independent intellectual property,which also accord with the requirement that The Eleventh Five-year Plan requires the level of maritime traffic management system reaches that of middle developed country level.
论文研究的重点包括以下几个方面:
1、围绕引航业务流程和港口引航对船舶安全航行的管理要求,对港口引航监控的实际需求及如何运用现有的各种信息技术来实现这些需求进行了全面的分析。
2、AIS信息的解读和显示。AIS由显示(包括:ECDIS,ECS,ARPA,PC)、数据采集(GPS,HDG,COG)和通讯(VHF)三个单元组成。其中以通讯方式和协议最为复杂,本文深入研究AIS的通讯协议,以及AIS的数据格式,完成了对实时接受到的AIS信息在电子海图上显示的功能。
3、构建引航业务数据库,以上海引航管理站为研究对象,对引航管理站的业务进行了疏理和综合,以ER模型为理论基础构建了上海引航管理站数据库。结合AIS动态信息,本系统不仅完成了AIS信息在海图上的动态实时显示,在数据库的支撑下,构建出符合同一信息在不同模块中相互关联的数据结构,实现了系统的智能化管理。同时,针对引航业务的特点,论文还对指定船舶实施实时跟踪功能进行研究,实现了各种报警功能,如港内限速功能。还对海图功能进行了适当的扩展,如手动添加禁航区等功能;碰撞报警,遇险报警,辅助决策,港口应急等功能在本系统中都有相应的考虑。
港口引航是一个港口一个国家直接对外的部门,每天都接待不同国家的船舶,是外界了解一个港口的直接手段,引航效率的高低在某些程度上直接影响一个港口甚至一个国家的形象,在目前国际港口由第二代向第三代数字化港口转型的关键时机,研究海事交通信息管理系统的关键技术,对开发出具有我国自主知识产权的先进信息系统无疑具有重要意义,这也符合我国十一五规划要求海事交通管理发展水平达到中等发达国家水平的要求。
With the development and maturity of computer technology,communication technology and the video image processing technology and the 3S technology,the maritime traffic management digitalization emerge in our country,especially in the port maritime traffic management.The traditional management patterns are being replaced by the computer technology step by step.The dispersed information of vessel traffic is integrated with the computer technology.Various shipping information mix together and refer each other to improve the accuracy and the reliability of the maritime traffic information.From the angle of shipping safety,the modern shipping management system based on computer technology promotes the shipping efficiency and the shipping safety.At present,we have developed the electronic chart display an information system(EDCIS) and the AIS products.AIS is an important message source in the maritime information management system.Therefore,the combination between AIS information and the electronic chart display an information system is a very important step in developing the maritime information management system. Considering that,the thesis produces a smart pilotage(safety monitoring) management system with immediate monitoring management piloting ships,combined with AIS information displaying on the chart,which can be used in the harbor pilotage management.
The emphasis of the thesis includes the following parts:
(1) The complete analysis of the requirement of vessel safety shipping,the actual need of harbor pilotage monitoring and various information technologies to realize the need;
(2) The interpretation and display of the AIS information.AIS is made up of three units,that is,display(including ECDIS,ECS,ARPA,PC),data collection(GPS,HDG, COG) and communication(VHF).The communication methods and agreements are the most complex.The thesis realizes the function of real-time receiving AIS information displaying on the electronic chart through deep researching the communication agreement and the data format of AIS;
(3) Establish the pilotage database based on Shanghai pilotage management center as the author's subject.And the database of Shanghai pilotage management center was established based on the theory of the ER model through carding and integration the work of pilotage management center.Combined with the AIS dynamic-information,the system not only realizes the dynamic real-time display of the AIS information on the chart but also establishes the relevant data format in the different module accord with the same information on the basis of database in order to realize the systemic intelligent management.Meanwhile,focus on the characteristics of pilotage,the thesis also studies the real-time tracking capabilities of the appointed vessel and realizes various alarm capabilities,such as,speed limit in the harbor.The function of chart is also developed, such as,add up to the non-shipping area manually etc.;collision alarm,distress alarm, assistant decision-making and emergency in the harbor etc.functions are considered in the system.
Harbor piloting is a department of a harbor or a country open to other countries, which pilots the vessels from the different countries every day.It is a direct way to know the harbor.The pilotage efficiency affect directly the images of a harbor even a country to some extent.At present,when the international harbors transform from second to third digitization,the research on the key technique of the maritime traffic information management system has significant meaning to the modern information system of our country's independent intellectual property,which also accord with the requirement that The Eleventh Five-year Plan requires the level of maritime traffic management system reaches that of middle developed country level.
引文
[1]贾传荧,史国友,贾银山,魏海平,张波.基于电子海图的船舶动态监控系统设计与实现[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,3:22-24.
[2]杨永康.通用船舶自动识别系统(UAIS)性能和使用[J].航海技术,2004,1:22-25.
[3]翁跃宗.JM-ECS电子海图基础平台的设计与实现[J].上海海事大学学报,2004,4:19-21.
[4]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定[J].交通标准化,2002,1:42-44.
[5]赵学俊,董晓永,赵丽宁.AIS与船舶航行安全[J].世界海运,2003,26(2):24-26
[6]王文成.AIS与船舶交通安全管理.中国水运(学术版),2007,3:39-41
[7]刘传润,张来保.珠江口水域AIS基站的设计[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,33(1):61-63
[8]刘桂云,舒海平,胡云平.港口AIS网络的构建[J].水运工程,2004,4:37-39.
[9]刘人杰,刘畅,柳晓鸣.AIS应用于VTS中系统容量的分析[J].中国航海,2002,2:
[10]邵传勇,刘人杰.在VTS中AIS基站建设的分析[J].现代电子技术,2003,18:9-11.
[11]周炜.电子海图及其应用[J].中国水运,2002,6:35-36.
[12]于娜.通用自动识别系统(AIS)的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[13]于臣.海事CCTV控制系统的研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[14]张建.宁波港船舶自动识别系统构建方案的研究[D].上海海事大学,2004.
[15]王健.基于AIS的航标无线监控系统的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2006.
[16]陈建辉.液化天然气专用码头安全论证的研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[17]朱飞祥.AIS基站控制软件系统的研究[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[18]赵建宏.DQPSK数字接收机的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2004.
[19]杨定照.宁波港引航监控管理信息系统新技术应用研究与评价[D].上海海事大学,2006.
[20]钱亚冠.视频编码理论与MPEG-4的DSP实现[D].浙江大学,2005.
[21]许艳.关注:AIS在我国的发展[J].中国海事.2007,5:14-17.
[22]倪甦华,唐宝民.MPLS网络多路径动态流量分配的研究[J].电子学报,2005,33(4):718-720.
[23]刘传润.AIS应用的研究与综述[J].广州航海高等专科学校学报,2007,3:12-15.
[24]刘顺来,钟碧良.基于AIS的船舶碰撞危险度模糊评判模型.2007,3:4-7.
[25]岳晋,贾小平,任光,曹辉.基于视频通信技术的船舶监管网络[J].大连海事大学学报,2006,32(2):35-38.
[26]赵丽宁,郝江凌,赵德鹏.电子海图导航系统多设备接口动态链接库的开发[J].大连海事大学学报,2003,30(4):18-20.
[27]周长征,杨杰.GPRS船舶实时监控系统设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2006,(11).
[28]杨永康.通用船舶自动识别系统(UAIS)性能和使用[J].航海技术,2004,1:21-24.
[29]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定[J].交通标准化,2002,1:42-44.
[30]邓洪章.中国船舶自动识别系统(AIS)岸台建设[J].中国经贸,2004,11:72-73.
[31]章剑.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)装船和检验要求[J].航海技术,2006,2:26-28.
[32]高守军.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)研究与发展[J].天津航海,2006,2:47-50.
[33]刘克中,季永青.船舶自动识别系统在VTS中的应用.航海技术,2003,4:23-25
[34]熊锡龙,郭志新.船舶自动识别系统的应用[J].中国水运,2003,7:44-45.
[35]鲁远曙.海军船舶自动识别系统(NAIS)[J].舰船电子工程,2004,6:43-45.
[36]吴建华,陶德馨.自动船舶识别系统的信息解码技术研究[J].船电技术,2007,4:595-598
[37]张茂华,黄建忠,郭增锋.基于AIS船站的港口海事监测信息系统研究[J].船电技术,2007.3:176-179.
[38]张振建.AIS对VTS运作的改善[J].航海技术,2007,4:37-38.
[39]唐冲,王骁,肖冰,余力.谈军用AIS的特殊性[J].航海技术,2006,4:39-40.
[40]董书增.AIS在船舶航行中的使用及探讨[J].中国水运(学术版),2007,6:8-9.
[41]邵哲平,孙腾达,潘家财,纪贤标.基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的开发.中国航海,2007,2:30-33.
[42]IHO S-57 IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Edition 3.1[S].International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2000.
[43]IHO S-52 IHO SPECTIFICATIONS FOR CHART CONTENT AND DISPLAY ASPECTS OF ECDIS Edition 5.0[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,1996.
[44]IHO S-52 App2 Color & Symbol Specifications for ECDIS Edition 4.2[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2004.
[45]IHO S-52 App3 Glossary of ECDIS-related Terms Edition 3.0[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2004.
[46]WAN Xiaoxia,Electronic Chart Display and Information System[J],GEO-SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE,2002(1)5:7-11,21.
[47]Don C.Donderi,Simulated Navigation Performance with Marine Electronic Chart and Information Display Systems(ECDIS)[J],Journal of Navigation,2004(2)57:189-202.
[2]杨永康.通用船舶自动识别系统(UAIS)性能和使用[J].航海技术,2004,1:22-25.
[3]翁跃宗.JM-ECS电子海图基础平台的设计与实现[J].上海海事大学学报,2004,4:19-21.
[4]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定[J].交通标准化,2002,1:42-44.
[5]赵学俊,董晓永,赵丽宁.AIS与船舶航行安全[J].世界海运,2003,26(2):24-26
[6]王文成.AIS与船舶交通安全管理.中国水运(学术版),2007,3:39-41
[7]刘传润,张来保.珠江口水域AIS基站的设计[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,33(1):61-63
[8]刘桂云,舒海平,胡云平.港口AIS网络的构建[J].水运工程,2004,4:37-39.
[9]刘人杰,刘畅,柳晓鸣.AIS应用于VTS中系统容量的分析[J].中国航海,2002,2:
[10]邵传勇,刘人杰.在VTS中AIS基站建设的分析[J].现代电子技术,2003,18:9-11.
[11]周炜.电子海图及其应用[J].中国水运,2002,6:35-36.
[12]于娜.通用自动识别系统(AIS)的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[13]于臣.海事CCTV控制系统的研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[14]张建.宁波港船舶自动识别系统构建方案的研究[D].上海海事大学,2004.
[15]王健.基于AIS的航标无线监控系统的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2006.
[16]陈建辉.液化天然气专用码头安全论证的研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[17]朱飞祥.AIS基站控制软件系统的研究[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[18]赵建宏.DQPSK数字接收机的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2004.
[19]杨定照.宁波港引航监控管理信息系统新技术应用研究与评价[D].上海海事大学,2006.
[20]钱亚冠.视频编码理论与MPEG-4的DSP实现[D].浙江大学,2005.
[21]许艳.关注:AIS在我国的发展[J].中国海事.2007,5:14-17.
[22]倪甦华,唐宝民.MPLS网络多路径动态流量分配的研究[J].电子学报,2005,33(4):718-720.
[23]刘传润.AIS应用的研究与综述[J].广州航海高等专科学校学报,2007,3:12-15.
[24]刘顺来,钟碧良.基于AIS的船舶碰撞危险度模糊评判模型.2007,3:4-7.
[25]岳晋,贾小平,任光,曹辉.基于视频通信技术的船舶监管网络[J].大连海事大学学报,2006,32(2):35-38.
[26]赵丽宁,郝江凌,赵德鹏.电子海图导航系统多设备接口动态链接库的开发[J].大连海事大学学报,2003,30(4):18-20.
[27]周长征,杨杰.GPRS船舶实时监控系统设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2006,(11).
[28]杨永康.通用船舶自动识别系统(UAIS)性能和使用[J].航海技术,2004,1:21-24.
[29]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定[J].交通标准化,2002,1:42-44.
[30]邓洪章.中国船舶自动识别系统(AIS)岸台建设[J].中国经贸,2004,11:72-73.
[31]章剑.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)装船和检验要求[J].航海技术,2006,2:26-28.
[32]高守军.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)研究与发展[J].天津航海,2006,2:47-50.
[33]刘克中,季永青.船舶自动识别系统在VTS中的应用.航海技术,2003,4:23-25
[34]熊锡龙,郭志新.船舶自动识别系统的应用[J].中国水运,2003,7:44-45.
[35]鲁远曙.海军船舶自动识别系统(NAIS)[J].舰船电子工程,2004,6:43-45.
[36]吴建华,陶德馨.自动船舶识别系统的信息解码技术研究[J].船电技术,2007,4:595-598
[37]张茂华,黄建忠,郭增锋.基于AIS船站的港口海事监测信息系统研究[J].船电技术,2007.3:176-179.
[38]张振建.AIS对VTS运作的改善[J].航海技术,2007,4:37-38.
[39]唐冲,王骁,肖冰,余力.谈军用AIS的特殊性[J].航海技术,2006,4:39-40.
[40]董书增.AIS在船舶航行中的使用及探讨[J].中国水运(学术版),2007,6:8-9.
[41]邵哲平,孙腾达,潘家财,纪贤标.基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的开发.中国航海,2007,2:30-33.
[42]IHO S-57 IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Edition 3.1[S].International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2000.
[43]IHO S-52 IHO SPECTIFICATIONS FOR CHART CONTENT AND DISPLAY ASPECTS OF ECDIS Edition 5.0[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,1996.
[44]IHO S-52 App2 Color & Symbol Specifications for ECDIS Edition 4.2[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2004.
[45]IHO S-52 App3 Glossary of ECDIS-related Terms Edition 3.0[S].the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2004.
[46]WAN Xiaoxia,Electronic Chart Display and Information System[J],GEO-SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE,2002(1)5:7-11,21.
[47]Don C.Donderi,Simulated Navigation Performance with Marine Electronic Chart and Information Display Systems(ECDIS)[J],Journal of Navigation,2004(2)57:189-202.