单根多楔带附件驱动系统动态特性建模与仿真技术的研究
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摘要
由于具有结构简单、维护方便、布置紧凑,装有维持带张力稳定的张紧器等特点,自20世纪70年代以来,单根多楔带附件驱动系统(Serpentine Belt Accessory Drive System,SBADS)被广泛应用到汽车、手扶电梯、造纸机械的纸带传送等领域。SBADS的动态特性直接影响附件的工作性能,因而有必要对其进行研究。我国在SBADS动态特性设计、开发等方面还处于起步阶段,需对有关的设计理论与技术方面开展更深入、细致地研究。
论文以SBADS为研究对象,对SBADS的动态特性的建模和仿真技术方面展开了研究。论文主要包含以下内容:
(1)张紧器和SBADS的动态特性的实验研究。实验测试了张紧器在准静态往复运动时的扭矩、转角;分析研究了两者间的关系。实验测试了在不同的预载荷、激励振幅和激励频率下,张紧器的扭矩、转角和两者间的相位差;分析研究了张紧器预载荷、激励振幅、激励频率的变化对张紧器动刚度、阻尼的影响。实验测试了主动轮加速时,SBADS中张紧轮轮毂径向力、张紧臂摆角、带横向位移和从动轮转速的变化;分析研究了主动轮转速和附件负荷扭矩变化对SBADS振动幅值(包括各轮的旋转振动和带的横向振动幅值、带张力的波动幅值)、带弹性滑移的影响。
(2)SBADS的动态特性建模和动态特性仿真技术研究。探讨了SBADS动态特性的建模方法(建模时考虑了带阻尼和带在带-轮接触区发生的蠕变对带张力的影响等因素)和模型的数值计算方法;对提出的SBADS建模方法和数值计算方法的可行性进行了实验验证;在计算分析主动轮转速、带阻尼和张紧器预载荷与滑移因子关系的基础上,提出了控制带滑移的方法。该方法在SBADS结构参数确定情况下,通过调整张紧器预载荷和安装角,达到对带滑移的控制。
(3)SBADS的带横向振动特性和张紧器参数优化设计方法的仿真研究。将带减化为Euler-Bernoulli梁,推导了SBADS梁耦合振动模型;利用该SBADS梁耦合振动模型,仿真研究了稳态时,张紧器设计参数(张紧器刚度、张紧臂长和张紧器安装角)的变化对带横向振动特性的影响;提出了张紧器参数的优化设计方法。该方法以带的最大横向变形最小、张紧器的有效系数最大为目标,达到对张紧器参数的优化设计。
(4)SBADS的固有频率和固有频率的灵敏度的仿真分析。
对组成SBADS模型的非线性方程,探讨了其线性化的处理方法;研究了带阻尼、张紧器设计参数对SBADS固有频率的影响;提出了固有频率的调控方法。该方法是在研究固有频率对张紧器参数的灵敏度基础上,找出对固有频率有重要影响的张紧器参数;进而通过调整该参数,达到对固有频率的调控。
Serpentine Belt Accessory Drive Systems (SBADS) are widely used in the automotive industry, escalators and paper tape since 1970s. They provide an efficient means of transmitting power to all accessories by a single multi-ribbed belt. The advantages of SBADS include simple structure, convenient maintenance, compact mounting space, the capability of automatic tension loss compensation, and so on.
However, SBADS exhibit complex dynamic characteristics, including rotational vibrations of pulleys and tensioner, and transverse vibrations in the various belt spans. Therefore, it is of great interest to find an effective approach for modeling and predicting the dynamic response of SBADS.
The main contents of the dissertation are summarized as follows.
Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of tensioner and SBADS are investigated experimentally. The experimented procedures to test the quasi-static and dynamic characteristics of tensioner are proposed. The relation between the tensioner preload, excitation amplitude, excitation frequency and the dynamic stiffness, damping of tensioner are discussed. The effects on the vibration and belt slipping of the driving pulley speed and accessory loads are investigated experimentally.
Secondly, a modeling method and simulating technologies of the dynamic characteristics for SBADS are presented. A rotational motion model for SBADS is established. In the model, belt damping is incorporated and the effects on belt tensions due to belt“creep”on the contact arc with pulley are considered. Taking a SBADS as a studying example, the dynamic characteristics are calculated and compared with experiment. The numerical simulations for a SBADS are performed to study the effects of the driving pulley speed, belt damping and tensioner preload on the slip factor. It helps effectively control belt slipping to adjust the preload and installed position of the tensioner.
Thirdly, using the rotational-transverse coupling model for SBADS incorporating belt bending stiffness, the effects on equilibrium deflection in belt spans of the parameters of tensioner are investigated. An optimization method to minimizing the transverse deflections of the belt span and maximizing the tensioner effectiveness is presented for the tensioner. The calculated results show that the optimized tensioner suppresses effectively the transverse deflections of belt spans.
Finally, a method of linearizing the non-linear equations for SBADS is proposed. The effects of belt damping and parameters of the tensioner on the natural frequencies of SBADS are investigated. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the natural frequencies’sensitivities to the parameters of the tensioner. Then, the first order natural frequency is adjusted through changing the tensioner parameter which the first order natural frequency of SBADS is most sensitive to.
论文以SBADS为研究对象,对SBADS的动态特性的建模和仿真技术方面展开了研究。论文主要包含以下内容:
(1)张紧器和SBADS的动态特性的实验研究。实验测试了张紧器在准静态往复运动时的扭矩、转角;分析研究了两者间的关系。实验测试了在不同的预载荷、激励振幅和激励频率下,张紧器的扭矩、转角和两者间的相位差;分析研究了张紧器预载荷、激励振幅、激励频率的变化对张紧器动刚度、阻尼的影响。实验测试了主动轮加速时,SBADS中张紧轮轮毂径向力、张紧臂摆角、带横向位移和从动轮转速的变化;分析研究了主动轮转速和附件负荷扭矩变化对SBADS振动幅值(包括各轮的旋转振动和带的横向振动幅值、带张力的波动幅值)、带弹性滑移的影响。
(2)SBADS的动态特性建模和动态特性仿真技术研究。探讨了SBADS动态特性的建模方法(建模时考虑了带阻尼和带在带-轮接触区发生的蠕变对带张力的影响等因素)和模型的数值计算方法;对提出的SBADS建模方法和数值计算方法的可行性进行了实验验证;在计算分析主动轮转速、带阻尼和张紧器预载荷与滑移因子关系的基础上,提出了控制带滑移的方法。该方法在SBADS结构参数确定情况下,通过调整张紧器预载荷和安装角,达到对带滑移的控制。
(3)SBADS的带横向振动特性和张紧器参数优化设计方法的仿真研究。将带减化为Euler-Bernoulli梁,推导了SBADS梁耦合振动模型;利用该SBADS梁耦合振动模型,仿真研究了稳态时,张紧器设计参数(张紧器刚度、张紧臂长和张紧器安装角)的变化对带横向振动特性的影响;提出了张紧器参数的优化设计方法。该方法以带的最大横向变形最小、张紧器的有效系数最大为目标,达到对张紧器参数的优化设计。
(4)SBADS的固有频率和固有频率的灵敏度的仿真分析。
对组成SBADS模型的非线性方程,探讨了其线性化的处理方法;研究了带阻尼、张紧器设计参数对SBADS固有频率的影响;提出了固有频率的调控方法。该方法是在研究固有频率对张紧器参数的灵敏度基础上,找出对固有频率有重要影响的张紧器参数;进而通过调整该参数,达到对固有频率的调控。
Serpentine Belt Accessory Drive Systems (SBADS) are widely used in the automotive industry, escalators and paper tape since 1970s. They provide an efficient means of transmitting power to all accessories by a single multi-ribbed belt. The advantages of SBADS include simple structure, convenient maintenance, compact mounting space, the capability of automatic tension loss compensation, and so on.
However, SBADS exhibit complex dynamic characteristics, including rotational vibrations of pulleys and tensioner, and transverse vibrations in the various belt spans. Therefore, it is of great interest to find an effective approach for modeling and predicting the dynamic response of SBADS.
The main contents of the dissertation are summarized as follows.
Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of tensioner and SBADS are investigated experimentally. The experimented procedures to test the quasi-static and dynamic characteristics of tensioner are proposed. The relation between the tensioner preload, excitation amplitude, excitation frequency and the dynamic stiffness, damping of tensioner are discussed. The effects on the vibration and belt slipping of the driving pulley speed and accessory loads are investigated experimentally.
Secondly, a modeling method and simulating technologies of the dynamic characteristics for SBADS are presented. A rotational motion model for SBADS is established. In the model, belt damping is incorporated and the effects on belt tensions due to belt“creep”on the contact arc with pulley are considered. Taking a SBADS as a studying example, the dynamic characteristics are calculated and compared with experiment. The numerical simulations for a SBADS are performed to study the effects of the driving pulley speed, belt damping and tensioner preload on the slip factor. It helps effectively control belt slipping to adjust the preload and installed position of the tensioner.
Thirdly, using the rotational-transverse coupling model for SBADS incorporating belt bending stiffness, the effects on equilibrium deflection in belt spans of the parameters of tensioner are investigated. An optimization method to minimizing the transverse deflections of the belt span and maximizing the tensioner effectiveness is presented for the tensioner. The calculated results show that the optimized tensioner suppresses effectively the transverse deflections of belt spans.
Finally, a method of linearizing the non-linear equations for SBADS is proposed. The effects of belt damping and parameters of the tensioner on the natural frequencies of SBADS are investigated. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the natural frequencies’sensitivities to the parameters of the tensioner. Then, the first order natural frequency is adjusted through changing the tensioner parameter which the first order natural frequency of SBADS is most sensitive to.
引文
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