林木联合采育机底盘设计理论研究与应用
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摘要
在人工林地作业,林木联合采育机显示出无法比拟的先进性。特别是其特有的底盘具有在林区作业通过性强,对林木和林地损伤小的优势,并为采伐工人提供了安全、舒适的工作环境,从而大大提高了生产效率和木材利用率。
本论文依托国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(NO.2006BAD11A15)—“多功能林木采育作业关键技术装备研究与开发”,作为课题中的一部分,主要研究林木联合采育机底盘设计理论研究与应用。
本论文利用现代设计技术涵盖的数学建模分析、计算机仿真虚拟技术、优化设计理论等方法对林木联合采育机的底盘及其对整机设计的影响进行了理论应用研究与设计优化。主要有以下几个方面：
1.概述了国内外自动化采育伐机械研究应用的现状,分析探讨了国外典型的林木联合采育机开发研制现状。通过汲取国外先进的研究经验,结合我国工程机械研制技术现状及人工林采育作业环境,提出了适合我国国情、林情的多功能轮式林木联合采育机底盘设计方案和技术路线。
2.应用计算机虚拟设计技术对整机进行了虚拟设计与优化研究,建立了联合采育机整机结构和机构仿真模型,包括工作底盘、作业装置的模型。建立的林木联合采育机作业平台(底盘前车架)有限元模型,基于有限元理论针对底盘作业工况要求进行车架静态与动态特性分析与评价,并对其进行了振动实测。
3.根据伐区作业环境对林木联合采育机铰接转向底盘的设计要求,建立采育机底盘铰接转向机构数学模型,应用MATLAB软件的优化工具箱进行优化计算,分析在不同的情况下如何应用不同的约束条件进行采育机底盘铰接转向机构仿真测试及优化设计,同时验证理论数学模型的合理性。
4.针对林木联合采育机底盘传动系设计方案,建立采育机底盘传动系统数学模型,进行采育机底盘传动系计算机仿真模拟分析,根据采育机底盘作业工况要求仿真分析结果对比,验证采育机底盘传动系数学模型的可用性和仿真模拟的可行性。
根据理论研究及优化设计结果试制林木联合采育机底盘及整机的物理实验样机,对底盘的行驶性能及作业稳定性进行实地试验分析,验证了林木联合采育机底盘设计理论应用与技术路线的合理性,探索建立了一套适合我国的林木联合采育机底盘设计及评价体系,为今后开发试制新的林木联合采育机底盘提供了技术参考。
Working in the man-planted forest, forestry felling & cultivation machine shows the incomparable advantage. Especially its peculiar chassis has advantages of strong pull, less damage for forest land, and provides safe, comfortable working environment for workers. Then improve the production efficiency and the utilization ratio of timber.
This paper was conducted on the bases of "the key technology equipment' research and development of multi-function forest felling & cultivation" which is the "11th five-year plan" funded projects of national science and technology support plan (project number 2006BAD11A15), at the same time, this paper is one part of this project and it mainly researches the forestry felling & cultivation machine's chassis design theory research and application.
This paper uses several methods which include modern engineering machinery design method, Mathematical modeling analysis, the Optimization design theory and the Computer emulation technology to research the forestry felling & cultivation machine's chassis and the influence of machine design, and make optimization design for them. It mainly includes the following aspects:
1. It summarizes the current situation of automatic Forestry felling & cultivation machinery research's application at home and abroad, and analyzes the present situation of foreign typical forestry felling & cultivation machine's development and research. Through absorbing foreign advanced experience and research, it analyzes the present situation of Chinese engineering machinery research technologies and fast-grown forest's operating environment, and also proposes forestry felling & cultivation machine, chassis' design scheme and technical route which are suitable for Chinese national conditions and forest conditions.
2. It makes virtual design and optimization design to the machine by using computer virtual design technology and it establishes the whole structure and organization simulation model of the hinged forest cutting which includes work chassis and homework device model. It also establishes the forestry felling &cultivation machine, work platform (chassis frame) multiple target math modal, and makes structural analysis and optimization for chassis operating requirement based on finite element theory.
3. According to the working environment's design requirements to the forestry felling &cultivation machine, hinged steering chassis, it analyzes the steering process and makes use of the equivalent conversion principle to simplify the steering system into general mechanical model, and establish kinematics model to make dynamic analysis of steering system, it also analyzes the factors which influences the steering control system and make control performance analysis. Based on the solving method of nonlinear optimization problem, it analyzes and optimizes the forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis hydraulic hinged steering system mechanism. Under different logging conditions, it will test the hydraulic hinged steering system and verify the theoretical mathematics model is reasonable.
4. Accordingto the design of chassis of the forestry felling &cultivation machine, the mathematical model of the transmission system was set up for simulation analysis, With the contrast between the results of the simulation and the working requirement, it will be validated the mathematical model of usability and the simulation feasibility.
According to the theory research and optimal design result of the Forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis and the joint of physics experimental prototype, the author makes experimental analysis of the chassis'driving performance and operation stability, and verifies the rationality of the forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis optimization design theory. Try to establish a set of suitable for Chinese forestry felling &cultivation machine chassis design and evaluation system. This paper provides technical reference for developing and making new forestry felling &cultivation machine's chassis.
本论文依托国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(NO.2006BAD11A15)—“多功能林木采育作业关键技术装备研究与开发”,作为课题中的一部分,主要研究林木联合采育机底盘设计理论研究与应用。
本论文利用现代设计技术涵盖的数学建模分析、计算机仿真虚拟技术、优化设计理论等方法对林木联合采育机的底盘及其对整机设计的影响进行了理论应用研究与设计优化。主要有以下几个方面：
1.概述了国内外自动化采育伐机械研究应用的现状,分析探讨了国外典型的林木联合采育机开发研制现状。通过汲取国外先进的研究经验,结合我国工程机械研制技术现状及人工林采育作业环境,提出了适合我国国情、林情的多功能轮式林木联合采育机底盘设计方案和技术路线。
2.应用计算机虚拟设计技术对整机进行了虚拟设计与优化研究,建立了联合采育机整机结构和机构仿真模型,包括工作底盘、作业装置的模型。建立的林木联合采育机作业平台(底盘前车架)有限元模型,基于有限元理论针对底盘作业工况要求进行车架静态与动态特性分析与评价,并对其进行了振动实测。
3.根据伐区作业环境对林木联合采育机铰接转向底盘的设计要求,建立采育机底盘铰接转向机构数学模型,应用MATLAB软件的优化工具箱进行优化计算,分析在不同的情况下如何应用不同的约束条件进行采育机底盘铰接转向机构仿真测试及优化设计,同时验证理论数学模型的合理性。
4.针对林木联合采育机底盘传动系设计方案,建立采育机底盘传动系统数学模型,进行采育机底盘传动系计算机仿真模拟分析,根据采育机底盘作业工况要求仿真分析结果对比,验证采育机底盘传动系数学模型的可用性和仿真模拟的可行性。
根据理论研究及优化设计结果试制林木联合采育机底盘及整机的物理实验样机,对底盘的行驶性能及作业稳定性进行实地试验分析,验证了林木联合采育机底盘设计理论应用与技术路线的合理性,探索建立了一套适合我国的林木联合采育机底盘设计及评价体系,为今后开发试制新的林木联合采育机底盘提供了技术参考。
Working in the man-planted forest, forestry felling & cultivation machine shows the incomparable advantage. Especially its peculiar chassis has advantages of strong pull, less damage for forest land, and provides safe, comfortable working environment for workers. Then improve the production efficiency and the utilization ratio of timber.
This paper was conducted on the bases of "the key technology equipment' research and development of multi-function forest felling & cultivation" which is the "11th five-year plan" funded projects of national science and technology support plan (project number 2006BAD11A15), at the same time, this paper is one part of this project and it mainly researches the forestry felling & cultivation machine's chassis design theory research and application.
This paper uses several methods which include modern engineering machinery design method, Mathematical modeling analysis, the Optimization design theory and the Computer emulation technology to research the forestry felling & cultivation machine's chassis and the influence of machine design, and make optimization design for them. It mainly includes the following aspects:
1. It summarizes the current situation of automatic Forestry felling & cultivation machinery research's application at home and abroad, and analyzes the present situation of foreign typical forestry felling & cultivation machine's development and research. Through absorbing foreign advanced experience and research, it analyzes the present situation of Chinese engineering machinery research technologies and fast-grown forest's operating environment, and also proposes forestry felling & cultivation machine, chassis' design scheme and technical route which are suitable for Chinese national conditions and forest conditions.
2. It makes virtual design and optimization design to the machine by using computer virtual design technology and it establishes the whole structure and organization simulation model of the hinged forest cutting which includes work chassis and homework device model. It also establishes the forestry felling &cultivation machine, work platform (chassis frame) multiple target math modal, and makes structural analysis and optimization for chassis operating requirement based on finite element theory.
3. According to the working environment's design requirements to the forestry felling &cultivation machine, hinged steering chassis, it analyzes the steering process and makes use of the equivalent conversion principle to simplify the steering system into general mechanical model, and establish kinematics model to make dynamic analysis of steering system, it also analyzes the factors which influences the steering control system and make control performance analysis. Based on the solving method of nonlinear optimization problem, it analyzes and optimizes the forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis hydraulic hinged steering system mechanism. Under different logging conditions, it will test the hydraulic hinged steering system and verify the theoretical mathematics model is reasonable.
4. Accordingto the design of chassis of the forestry felling &cultivation machine, the mathematical model of the transmission system was set up for simulation analysis, With the contrast between the results of the simulation and the working requirement, it will be validated the mathematical model of usability and the simulation feasibility.
According to the theory research and optimal design result of the Forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis and the joint of physics experimental prototype, the author makes experimental analysis of the chassis'driving performance and operation stability, and verifies the rationality of the forestry felling &cultivation machine, chassis optimization design theory. Try to establish a set of suitable for Chinese forestry felling &cultivation machine chassis design and evaluation system. This paper provides technical reference for developing and making new forestry felling &cultivation machine's chassis.
引文
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