底部钻柱振动特性及减振增压装置设计研究
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摘要
井下增压技术是在现有钻井工艺条件下提高钻进速度的有效途径之一。本文在对底部钻柱振动特性实验研究的基础上,提出了设计一种集钻柱减振和井底钻井液增压于一体的钻柱减振增压装置的新概念。该装置是通过吸收钻井过程中钻柱纵向振动的能量作为钻井液增压的能量来源,利用钻柱的纵向振动带动井下柱塞泵的柱塞往复运动,并利用钻压波动压缩钻井液使之增压,既实现了井底增压又起到了钻柱减振的效果。避免了以往的井下增压装置必须具有的复杂换向机构、大大简化了井下增压装置的结构,消除了影响增压装置寿命的一个重要因素,使之更利于在井下恶劣环境下实现增压目的和正常工作。
论文运用底部钻柱动力学模拟试验装置,通过室内实验,对直井眼中底部钻柱的纵向振动特性进行了模拟实验研究。分析得出了五种常用底部钻具组合(BHA)在不同钻进参数条件下的钻柱振动特性以及井底钻压波动规律,给出了311.1mm和244.5mm井眼中常用钻井参数条件下井底钻压波动的幅度范围和频率范围。为合理利用钻柱纵向振动能量实现井下钻井液增压提供了实验依据,为井下减振增压装置主体结构参数的确定提供了设计依据。根据钻柱纵向振动特性的研究结果,设计出了装置的总体结构,并对装置的重要零部件进行强度校核。应用液压伺服系统仿真工具SIMULINK以及机械动态仿真工具PRO /ENGINEER Wildfire对减振增压装置进行了工作原理及机械结构运动仿真分析,从理论上论证了减振增压原理的可行性。在上述研究的基础上,完成了装置的所有零件设计、相关的进排水阀设计、动密封机构设计、超高压钻头设计、连接装置设计、零件加工图纸以及整体装配图纸的绘制等工作,完成了减振增压系统的加工和样机研制。在胜利油田桩古10-58井中生界地层进行的首次井下试验,证实了该装置能够显著提高钻井速度。试验钻进井段为3457.5-3482.5m,钻进25.0m,平均机械钻速6.20m/h(平均钻时9.67min/m);比未使用减振增压装置的邻井相同井段和地层的机械钻速(0.67m/h(平均钻时90.10min/m))提高了8.25倍。
Down-hole hydraulic pressurizing technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the rate of penetration under the existing conditions of drilling technology. This paper have presented a new kind of concept which will integrate drilling string vibration reducing with bottom hole drilling fluid pressurizing to design a vibration reducing and pressure increasing device based on the study of experiment of bottom hole drilling string vibration characteristics. This kind of device will absorb energy generated from the longitudinal vibration of the drilling string as its own power in the process of drilling, and take advantadge of the longitudinal vibration of the drilling string to achive the to-and-fro movement of the piston located in the plunger pump, as the mean while the drilling fluid get pressurized because of the compress of the vibration of the drilling pressure. Therefore, the effect of bottom hole pressure increasing as well as the effect of drilling string vibration reducing have been gained at the same time. The merit of this new type of device can be describe as the new designed device is more simplified compare to the prior ones with more complicated reversing agent, and it also eliminated another important factor which contribute to the short life cycle of the device, so it must be more suitable to the purpose of down-hole pressure increasing under the harsh working conditions in the bottom hole.
This paper commited to the simulated experiment study targeted to the bottom hole drilling string vibration characteristics in straight holes using the bottom hole drilling string dynamics simulated experimental device. Having analysed the data, drilling string vibration characteristics and down-hole drilling pressure alternating regulation have been gained for five sets of BHA under different drilling parameters condition, and presented amplitude range and frequency range for wellbore sized 311.1mm and 244.5mm under normal used drilling parameter conditions. Therefore, this study has presented experimental criteria for increasing down-hole drilling fluid pressure using energy generated by drilling string longitudinal vibration, and presented design criteria for the determination of device parameters. According to the study result of the longitudinal drilling string vibration characteristics, the overall structure of the device has been designed and the intensity check for some crucial parts has been calculated. The operating principle and mechanical structure of the device has been analysed and simulated using SIMULINK and PRO/ENINEER WILDFIRE, as a result the feasibility of the theory of drilling string shock absorption and hydraulic pressurizing has been proved. On the basis of the above research, the design of the all the parts, relative valves, active sealling agents, UHP bit, connecting device, machining drawings, overall assembly drawings and so on have been achived, then the production of drilling string shock absorption and hydraulic pressurizing system and the development of prototype has completed. In the first down-hole experiment in Mesozoic erathem of Zhuanggu 10-58 Well located in Shengli Oilfield, the result proved this type of device can improve drilling speed greatly. The experimental distance is 3457.5m to 3482.5m, and the drilling depth is 25.0m with the average drilling speed of 6.20m/h(the average drilling time of 9.67min/m). The drilling speed is 8.25 times greater than the same drilling distance in the nearby well without the device.
论文运用底部钻柱动力学模拟试验装置,通过室内实验,对直井眼中底部钻柱的纵向振动特性进行了模拟实验研究。分析得出了五种常用底部钻具组合(BHA)在不同钻进参数条件下的钻柱振动特性以及井底钻压波动规律,给出了311.1mm和244.5mm井眼中常用钻井参数条件下井底钻压波动的幅度范围和频率范围。为合理利用钻柱纵向振动能量实现井下钻井液增压提供了实验依据,为井下减振增压装置主体结构参数的确定提供了设计依据。根据钻柱纵向振动特性的研究结果,设计出了装置的总体结构,并对装置的重要零部件进行强度校核。应用液压伺服系统仿真工具SIMULINK以及机械动态仿真工具PRO /ENGINEER Wildfire对减振增压装置进行了工作原理及机械结构运动仿真分析,从理论上论证了减振增压原理的可行性。在上述研究的基础上,完成了装置的所有零件设计、相关的进排水阀设计、动密封机构设计、超高压钻头设计、连接装置设计、零件加工图纸以及整体装配图纸的绘制等工作,完成了减振增压系统的加工和样机研制。在胜利油田桩古10-58井中生界地层进行的首次井下试验,证实了该装置能够显著提高钻井速度。试验钻进井段为3457.5-3482.5m,钻进25.0m,平均机械钻速6.20m/h(平均钻时9.67min/m);比未使用减振增压装置的邻井相同井段和地层的机械钻速(0.67m/h(平均钻时90.10min/m))提高了8.25倍。
Down-hole hydraulic pressurizing technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the rate of penetration under the existing conditions of drilling technology. This paper have presented a new kind of concept which will integrate drilling string vibration reducing with bottom hole drilling fluid pressurizing to design a vibration reducing and pressure increasing device based on the study of experiment of bottom hole drilling string vibration characteristics. This kind of device will absorb energy generated from the longitudinal vibration of the drilling string as its own power in the process of drilling, and take advantadge of the longitudinal vibration of the drilling string to achive the to-and-fro movement of the piston located in the plunger pump, as the mean while the drilling fluid get pressurized because of the compress of the vibration of the drilling pressure. Therefore, the effect of bottom hole pressure increasing as well as the effect of drilling string vibration reducing have been gained at the same time. The merit of this new type of device can be describe as the new designed device is more simplified compare to the prior ones with more complicated reversing agent, and it also eliminated another important factor which contribute to the short life cycle of the device, so it must be more suitable to the purpose of down-hole pressure increasing under the harsh working conditions in the bottom hole.
This paper commited to the simulated experiment study targeted to the bottom hole drilling string vibration characteristics in straight holes using the bottom hole drilling string dynamics simulated experimental device. Having analysed the data, drilling string vibration characteristics and down-hole drilling pressure alternating regulation have been gained for five sets of BHA under different drilling parameters condition, and presented amplitude range and frequency range for wellbore sized 311.1mm and 244.5mm under normal used drilling parameter conditions. Therefore, this study has presented experimental criteria for increasing down-hole drilling fluid pressure using energy generated by drilling string longitudinal vibration, and presented design criteria for the determination of device parameters. According to the study result of the longitudinal drilling string vibration characteristics, the overall structure of the device has been designed and the intensity check for some crucial parts has been calculated. The operating principle and mechanical structure of the device has been analysed and simulated using SIMULINK and PRO/ENINEER WILDFIRE, as a result the feasibility of the theory of drilling string shock absorption and hydraulic pressurizing has been proved. On the basis of the above research, the design of the all the parts, relative valves, active sealling agents, UHP bit, connecting device, machining drawings, overall assembly drawings and so on have been achived, then the production of drilling string shock absorption and hydraulic pressurizing system and the development of prototype has completed. In the first down-hole experiment in Mesozoic erathem of Zhuanggu 10-58 Well located in Shengli Oilfield, the result proved this type of device can improve drilling speed greatly. The experimental distance is 3457.5m to 3482.5m, and the drilling depth is 25.0m with the average drilling speed of 6.20m/h(the average drilling time of 9.67min/m). The drilling speed is 8.25 times greater than the same drilling distance in the nearby well without the device.
引文
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