测压铜柱静态标定体制的研究
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摘要
我国现行的塑性测压校准自建国以来,一直沿用前苏联的校准方法和技术设备,技术水平落后,尚未形成完整的塑性测压校准和量传体系。本文在对静态标定系统中相关设备和测压元件进行溯源研究的基础上,得出“标准”铜柱是量值传递体系中极为重要的一环,应对其进行深入的研究。
运用最小二乘法对三种型号十几个批次的测压铜柱和五个批次的“标准”铜柱进行二阶多项式拟合,得其拟合方程。在其模型的基础上进行了同型号各批次铜柱之间的一致性分析并对每个批次铜柱压力灵敏度进行计算。
分析了“标准”铜柱测量不确定度的来源,从中找到制定“标准”铜柱判据的切入点,给出了制定“标准”铜柱判据应限制的几个指标。通过对大量“标准”铜柱的实验数据进行处理,得到“标准”铜柱的判据。为了验证此判据的合理性,对三个型号十几个批次的测压铜柱进行了分析,证明“标准”铜柱的判据是可用的。
对“标准”铜柱编表方法进行研究,为了考核由“标准”铜柱选出的一个小样本编制的“标准”铜柱压力对照表能否反映该批“标准”铜柱总体的特性,从某批“标准”铜柱中随机选出三个小样本,并进行了静态标定试验,然后用所得的数据进行静态编表实践。在同一变形量下,对三份“标准”铜柱压力对照表进行了压力计算和各压力误差计算,验证了误差在规定的范围内,证明“标准”铜柱编表的一致性。
对“标准”铜柱计量保证方案进行了初步探讨。
The current plastic pressure-measuring calibration in our country has been using the Soviet Union's calibration method and technical equipment since our country was built. It is backward in technical level and has not form a complete plastic pressure-measuring calibration and quality transfer system yet.The paper has got a conclusion that "standard" copper cylinder has an important position in quality transfer system through researching the traceability of relevant equipments and pressure-measuring components in static calibration system. So the "standard" copper cylinders should be researched in depth.
Least square fitting method is used to got the second order polynomial fitting curves of more than ten batches pressure-measuring copper cylinders in three types and five batches "standard " copper cylinders.The consistency of several batches in one type is analysed and the pressure sensitivity of each batches is calculated.
The source of pressure-measuring copper cylinders' uncertainty has been analysed.The breakthrough point of "standard" copper cylinders' criterion is found through it.Several indexes to be restricted are got to copper cylinders' criterion made.The criterion of "standard" copper cylinders is made through processing a large number of "standard" copper cylinders' experimental data.In order to verify the reasonableness of the criterion,more than ten batches' copper cylinders' in three types are analysed to prove that the "standard" copper cylinders' criteria is available.
The method of "standard" copper cylinders' table making is researched.In order to test the "standard" copper cylinders' pressure comparison table made by a small "standard" copper cylinders' sample can reflect the characteristic of "standard" copper cylinders' collectivity of a certain batch.The static calibration experiment is doing with three small samples randomly selected from a certain "standard" copper cylinders' batch. The data got from the experiment are used to make static pressure comparison table.The pressure and pressure error are calculated according to the three "standard" copper cylinders' pressure comparison table.Consistency of "standard" copper cylinders' table made is proved through testing the pressure error in a cetain range that is known before.
"Standard" copper cylinders' measurement assurance program is discussed primarily.
运用最小二乘法对三种型号十几个批次的测压铜柱和五个批次的“标准”铜柱进行二阶多项式拟合,得其拟合方程。在其模型的基础上进行了同型号各批次铜柱之间的一致性分析并对每个批次铜柱压力灵敏度进行计算。
分析了“标准”铜柱测量不确定度的来源,从中找到制定“标准”铜柱判据的切入点,给出了制定“标准”铜柱判据应限制的几个指标。通过对大量“标准”铜柱的实验数据进行处理,得到“标准”铜柱的判据。为了验证此判据的合理性,对三个型号十几个批次的测压铜柱进行了分析,证明“标准”铜柱的判据是可用的。
对“标准”铜柱编表方法进行研究,为了考核由“标准”铜柱选出的一个小样本编制的“标准”铜柱压力对照表能否反映该批“标准”铜柱总体的特性,从某批“标准”铜柱中随机选出三个小样本,并进行了静态标定试验,然后用所得的数据进行静态编表实践。在同一变形量下,对三份“标准”铜柱压力对照表进行了压力计算和各压力误差计算,验证了误差在规定的范围内,证明“标准”铜柱编表的一致性。
对“标准”铜柱计量保证方案进行了初步探讨。
The current plastic pressure-measuring calibration in our country has been using the Soviet Union's calibration method and technical equipment since our country was built. It is backward in technical level and has not form a complete plastic pressure-measuring calibration and quality transfer system yet.The paper has got a conclusion that "standard" copper cylinder has an important position in quality transfer system through researching the traceability of relevant equipments and pressure-measuring components in static calibration system. So the "standard" copper cylinders should be researched in depth.
Least square fitting method is used to got the second order polynomial fitting curves of more than ten batches pressure-measuring copper cylinders in three types and five batches "standard " copper cylinders.The consistency of several batches in one type is analysed and the pressure sensitivity of each batches is calculated.
The source of pressure-measuring copper cylinders' uncertainty has been analysed.The breakthrough point of "standard" copper cylinders' criterion is found through it.Several indexes to be restricted are got to copper cylinders' criterion made.The criterion of "standard" copper cylinders is made through processing a large number of "standard" copper cylinders' experimental data.In order to verify the reasonableness of the criterion,more than ten batches' copper cylinders' in three types are analysed to prove that the "standard" copper cylinders' criteria is available.
The method of "standard" copper cylinders' table making is researched.In order to test the "standard" copper cylinders' pressure comparison table made by a small "standard" copper cylinders' sample can reflect the characteristic of "standard" copper cylinders' collectivity of a certain batch.The static calibration experiment is doing with three small samples randomly selected from a certain "standard" copper cylinders' batch. The data got from the experiment are used to make static pressure comparison table.The pressure and pressure error are calculated according to the three "standard" copper cylinders' pressure comparison table.Consistency of "standard" copper cylinders' table made is proved through testing the pressure error in a cetain range that is known before.
"Standard" copper cylinders' measurement assurance program is discussed primarily.
引文
[1]孔德仁,狄长安,范启胜.塑性测压技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2006.
[2]吴安森.关于提高铜柱测压精度问题的研究摘要[J].测试技术学报,1994,8(2):184-188.
[3]张炳利.膛压测量器材校准技术及实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[4]杨丽侠.标准铜柱及测压器的校准及鉴选研究[R].西安:中国兵器工业第204研究所,2008.
[5]王立吉.计量学基础[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1997.
[6]王昌明.实用弹道学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1994.
[7]郭增贵.关于高膛压测试技术的研究[J].高膛压火炮论文集,1989,(5):530-537.
[8]刘素洁.测压铜柱的静态一致性及静动差研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[9]肖明耀.误差理论与应用[M].北京:计量出版社,1985.
[10]陈久宇,林见.观测数据处理方法[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1987.
[11]孔德仁.塑性测压器材准动态校准技术及实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学博士学位论文,2003.
[12]朱明武,王昌明,柳光辽等.测压铜柱准动态标定实践[J].兵工学报,1993,(3):80-83.
[13]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜柱温度统一修正公式研究[J].兵工学报,2003,24(2):145-148.
[14]刘智敏.不确定度及其实践[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[15]宋文爱,卜雄珠.工程实验理论基础[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2000.
[16]朱明武.动压测量[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.
[17]朱明武,王宗之.武器测试技术[M].南京:华东工程学院,1984.
[18]孔德仁,朱明武.铜柱、铜球准动态校准的机理[J].南京理工大学学报,2004,28(4):375-379.
[19]J.廉纳著.内弹道学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1958.
[20]韦汉忠.火炮膛内电测压力值与铜柱压力值的分析[J].高膛压火炮论文集,1989,(9):538-547.
[21]《内弹道实验原理》编写组.内弹道实验原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[22]黄伟,朱明武.铜柱测压系统的动态特性分析及其动态误差修正[J].兵工学报分 册,1990,(1):233-242.
[23]伍鹰,朱明武.测压圆柱静动态特性计算方法[J].兵工学报,1993,(4):69-74.
[24]朱明武等.高压动态标定技术的进展[J].现代计量测试,1996,(1):37-41.
[25]柳光辽等.落锤液压动标装置的经验模型[J].第四届测试技术年会论文集(第一卷),1990,(8):5-8.
[26]朱明武.准动态压力标定系统--总体技术方案论证报告[R].南京:华东工学院,1983.
[27]王仁等.塑性力学进展[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[28]AVL B620.Dynamic Pressure Calibrator[Z],AVL技术资料.
[29]d.Schenck.H.Theories of Engineering Experimentation[M].McGraw-Hill Book Company.1979.
[30]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].中国农业机械出版社,1982.
[31]朱明武.测压铜球准动态校准标定方法及系统研究工作总结[Z].南京:华东工学院,1987.
[32]张淑宁.准动态校准技术实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[33]田贵义,李佩华.铜柱测定膛压装置动态误差分析[J].测试技术学报,2004,(18):121-124.
[34]吴安森.关于铜柱测压法的新探索[J].测试技术学报,1996,(10):191-194.
[35]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁.浅谈测压铜柱现状及发展[J].计量与测试技术,2001,(5):15-16.
[36]孔德仁,朱明武,申爱平等.铜柱测压器动态特性分析及计算机仿真[J].火工品,2001,(2):27-30.
[37]D.Warken,E.meinceke.Copper Crushers:Dynamic Calibration in the Laboratory[J].10th International Symposium On Ballistics,1987.
[38]J.Winkler,Quality Improvement in Piezoelectric Pressure Measurements by Applying Advanced Calibration Methods[J].Fourth International AVL Symposium On Ballistic Measurement,1989.
[39]伍鹰.测压圆柱体静态计算方法的研究与测量系统动态误差的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,1988.
[40]伍鹰.测压圆柱静动态特性分析[D].南京:南京理工大学博士学位论文,1991.
[41]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜柱准动态压力校准表的适用范围[J].弹道学报,2001,(13):92-96.
[42]艾建勋.动态压力标定装置的压力研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[43]伍鹰,朱明武.测压圆柱静动态特性计算方法[J].兵工学报,1993,(4):69-74.
[44]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜球准动态校准压力对照表适用范围探讨[J].南京理工大学学报,2002,(26):239-242。
[45]邹华,邹瑞荣.铜柱温度修正系数的研究[J].弹道学报,2003,(15):19-22.
[46]孙强.火炮膛压的测定方法[J].一重技术,2002,(92):51-52.
[47]孔德仁,张淑宁.测压铜球的压力脉宽修正公式[J]。火炮发射与控制学报,2001,(4):33-37.
[48]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[49]Walton,W.S.Weapon Chamber Pressure Measurement[J].1983.AD 137304,p256-281.
[50]Bender,James M.Improved M-11 Copper Crusher gage[J].MA,AD-A 119955.
[51]AD-A110094.Weapon Chamber Pressure Measurement[Z].1982,TOP3-2-810.
[52]AD-A187996.Bruce Buzzo Automated Peak Chamber Pressure Measurement System[Z].1987.
[2]吴安森.关于提高铜柱测压精度问题的研究摘要[J].测试技术学报,1994,8(2):184-188.
[3]张炳利.膛压测量器材校准技术及实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[4]杨丽侠.标准铜柱及测压器的校准及鉴选研究[R].西安:中国兵器工业第204研究所,2008.
[5]王立吉.计量学基础[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1997.
[6]王昌明.实用弹道学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1994.
[7]郭增贵.关于高膛压测试技术的研究[J].高膛压火炮论文集,1989,(5):530-537.
[8]刘素洁.测压铜柱的静态一致性及静动差研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[9]肖明耀.误差理论与应用[M].北京:计量出版社,1985.
[10]陈久宇,林见.观测数据处理方法[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1987.
[11]孔德仁.塑性测压器材准动态校准技术及实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学博士学位论文,2003.
[12]朱明武,王昌明,柳光辽等.测压铜柱准动态标定实践[J].兵工学报,1993,(3):80-83.
[13]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜柱温度统一修正公式研究[J].兵工学报,2003,24(2):145-148.
[14]刘智敏.不确定度及其实践[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[15]宋文爱,卜雄珠.工程实验理论基础[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2000.
[16]朱明武.动压测量[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.
[17]朱明武,王宗之.武器测试技术[M].南京:华东工程学院,1984.
[18]孔德仁,朱明武.铜柱、铜球准动态校准的机理[J].南京理工大学学报,2004,28(4):375-379.
[19]J.廉纳著.内弹道学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1958.
[20]韦汉忠.火炮膛内电测压力值与铜柱压力值的分析[J].高膛压火炮论文集,1989,(9):538-547.
[21]《内弹道实验原理》编写组.内弹道实验原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[22]黄伟,朱明武.铜柱测压系统的动态特性分析及其动态误差修正[J].兵工学报分 册,1990,(1):233-242.
[23]伍鹰,朱明武.测压圆柱静动态特性计算方法[J].兵工学报,1993,(4):69-74.
[24]朱明武等.高压动态标定技术的进展[J].现代计量测试,1996,(1):37-41.
[25]柳光辽等.落锤液压动标装置的经验模型[J].第四届测试技术年会论文集(第一卷),1990,(8):5-8.
[26]朱明武.准动态压力标定系统--总体技术方案论证报告[R].南京:华东工学院,1983.
[27]王仁等.塑性力学进展[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[28]AVL B620.Dynamic Pressure Calibrator[Z],AVL技术资料.
[29]d.Schenck.H.Theories of Engineering Experimentation[M].McGraw-Hill Book Company.1979.
[30]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].中国农业机械出版社,1982.
[31]朱明武.测压铜球准动态校准标定方法及系统研究工作总结[Z].南京:华东工学院,1987.
[32]张淑宁.准动态校准技术实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[33]田贵义,李佩华.铜柱测定膛压装置动态误差分析[J].测试技术学报,2004,(18):121-124.
[34]吴安森.关于铜柱测压法的新探索[J].测试技术学报,1996,(10):191-194.
[35]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁.浅谈测压铜柱现状及发展[J].计量与测试技术,2001,(5):15-16.
[36]孔德仁,朱明武,申爱平等.铜柱测压器动态特性分析及计算机仿真[J].火工品,2001,(2):27-30.
[37]D.Warken,E.meinceke.Copper Crushers:Dynamic Calibration in the Laboratory[J].10th International Symposium On Ballistics,1987.
[38]J.Winkler,Quality Improvement in Piezoelectric Pressure Measurements by Applying Advanced Calibration Methods[J].Fourth International AVL Symposium On Ballistic Measurement,1989.
[39]伍鹰.测压圆柱体静态计算方法的研究与测量系统动态误差的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,1988.
[40]伍鹰.测压圆柱静动态特性分析[D].南京:南京理工大学博士学位论文,1991.
[41]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜柱准动态压力校准表的适用范围[J].弹道学报,2001,(13):92-96.
[42]艾建勋.动态压力标定装置的压力研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[43]伍鹰,朱明武.测压圆柱静动态特性计算方法[J].兵工学报,1993,(4):69-74.
[44]孔德仁,朱明武,张淑宁等.测压铜球准动态校准压力对照表适用范围探讨[J].南京理工大学学报,2002,(26):239-242。
[45]邹华,邹瑞荣.铜柱温度修正系数的研究[J].弹道学报,2003,(15):19-22.
[46]孙强.火炮膛压的测定方法[J].一重技术,2002,(92):51-52.
[47]孔德仁,张淑宁.测压铜球的压力脉宽修正公式[J]。火炮发射与控制学报,2001,(4):33-37.
[48]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[49]Walton,W.S.Weapon Chamber Pressure Measurement[J].1983.AD 137304,p256-281.
[50]Bender,James M.Improved M-11 Copper Crusher gage[J].MA,AD-A 119955.
[51]AD-A110094.Weapon Chamber Pressure Measurement[Z].1982,TOP3-2-810.
[52]AD-A187996.Bruce Buzzo Automated Peak Chamber Pressure Measurement System[Z].1987.