飞机装配工艺样机构建关键技术研究
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摘要
飞机研制正在向设计制造一体化的方向发展，航空制造企业迫切需要建立完善的以数字量为基础的工艺信息传递体系，旨在提高工艺数据的传递和发放效率，降低数据更改周期和成本，以满足现代飞机“低成本、短周期和高质量”研制需求。针对航空制造企业存在的实际问题和应用需求，以装配工艺信息的建模、表示和传递为对象，提出飞机装配工艺样机的概念，并对其构建的关键技术进行深入研究。主要的研究工作如下：
（1）通过分析飞机装配工艺设计中需要传递和发放的各类工艺信息，提出飞机装配工艺样机的概念，并对其信息构成和建模框架进行详细描述。装配工艺样机以产品三维模型为载体，以装配工艺结构为主模型，对各类工艺信息进行结构化定义和表示，建立了几何信息与非几何信息之间的关联关系，能够有效支持飞机装配工艺设计过程中的数据发放工作。
（2）针对飞机产品装配规划非线性的特点，建立了层次式混合装配规划模型，用于生成装配工艺结构，提出基于免疫算法的装配单元划分方法和逐步求解的装配顺序规划方法。装配单元划分方法以零部件之间的装配关系强度矩阵为基础，采用免疫克隆算法进行聚类优化，获得装配单元。装配顺序规划方法以装配约束混合编码矩阵为基础，将产品装配过程每一步的可行装配方案作为评价对象集，建立多因素模糊综合评判的评价模型，逐步获得最优装配顺序。二者互为因果，相互配合，能够生成合理有效的装配工艺结构。
（3）研究基于拓扑的层次式工艺特征建模方法。采用多色集合对工艺特征模型的底层框架进行描述，并建立推理关系矩阵，完成特征的表面层和基准层推理，实现了对设计特征的拓扑级信息提取和工艺化描述，建立了工艺信息与设计几何之间的数字化关联。
（4）针对装配工艺样机的信息构成特点和飞机产品工程更改频繁的特点，给出基于层次编码的工艺信息表示和管理方案。采用工艺码和设计码联合的编码方式，不仅能够清晰地表达主模型与其他工艺信息之间的层次和隶属关系，而且建立了工艺样机与设计模型之间的关联，实现了二者的统一表示和管理。研究由设计模型到工艺样机的更改传播机制和方法，借助层次编码以及工艺特征对设计几何的引用关系，实现面向设计更改的工艺信息更改。
（5）开发了飞机装配工艺样机建模系统。并在某型号飞机的装配工艺设计中进行应用。实现了基于数字量传递的数据发放，能够满足企业装配工艺设计过程中的信息传递和发放需求，提高了装配工艺设计效率和质量。
There is a trend towards integration of aircraft design and manufacturing. Aviation industryenterprises urgently need to establish digital process information transfer system to improve transferefficiency of process information, which can meet the “low cost, short cycle, and good quality”demands of the aircraft manufacturing. In view of the practical problems and applicationrequirements of aviation enterprises, the modeling, representation, and transfer of processinformation are studied. Aircraft assembly process mock-up is defined, and its key modelingtechnologies are researched in depth. The creative achievements are as follows:
(1) In the aircraft assembly process planning, a lot of process information is transferred todownstream phases. Through analyzing that process information, assembly process mock-up isdefined. According to the mock-up,3D model is a carrier, and assembly process structure is mastermodel, and the geometry and process attributes of all kinds of process information are modeling. Andthen the relationship between the geometric information and non-geometric information is established.The digital process information can be transferred smoothly and effectively to downstream phases.
(2) In view of the nonlinear of aircraft assembly planning, hierarchical mixed assembly planningmodel is proposed to generate assembly process structure, which includes two key methods: anassembly unit partition method based on immune algorithm and a gradually solving method forassembly sequence planning. According to the assembly relation intensity matrix, immune clonealgorithm is applied to clustering optimization, and then all the assembly units are gotten. Accordingto the mixed code matrix of assembly constraints, all the feasibly assembly element of every step areregarded as evaluation object set in assembly process, and an evaluation model based on multi-factorfuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established, which aims to obtain the optimal assembly sequencegradually. The two methods co-operate with each other to generate assembly process structure, whichcan meet the engineering demands.
(3) A hierarchical modeling method based on topology for process feature is proposed. Bottomframe of process feature model is constructed by using Polychromatic Sets. Reasoning matrix is usedto get feature surface and datum of the process feature. Feature extraction and process informationmodeling based on feature surface and datum is realized. And then the digital connection betweenprocess information and design geometry is established.
(4) According to information form characteristics of assembly process mock-up and frequent modification of aircraft product design, the process information management scheme based onhierarchical code is put forward. Process code and design code is combined to represent processinformation, which not only can clearly express the level and subordination of master model and otherprocess information, but also can establish the connection between assembly process mock-up anddesign model. And then unified representation and management of assembly process mock-up anddesign model can be realized. Modification response mechanism between the two models isresearched. By means of hierarchical code and geometric reference, the process informationmodification with product design modification is realized.
(5) A modeling software system for aircraft assembly process mock-up is developed. The systemhas been used in a certain type of aircraft assembly process design. The system can meet the needs oftransfer and distribution of digital process data. The efficiency of assembly process design isimproved greatly.
（1）通过分析飞机装配工艺设计中需要传递和发放的各类工艺信息，提出飞机装配工艺样机的概念，并对其信息构成和建模框架进行详细描述。装配工艺样机以产品三维模型为载体，以装配工艺结构为主模型，对各类工艺信息进行结构化定义和表示，建立了几何信息与非几何信息之间的关联关系，能够有效支持飞机装配工艺设计过程中的数据发放工作。
（2）针对飞机产品装配规划非线性的特点，建立了层次式混合装配规划模型，用于生成装配工艺结构，提出基于免疫算法的装配单元划分方法和逐步求解的装配顺序规划方法。装配单元划分方法以零部件之间的装配关系强度矩阵为基础，采用免疫克隆算法进行聚类优化，获得装配单元。装配顺序规划方法以装配约束混合编码矩阵为基础，将产品装配过程每一步的可行装配方案作为评价对象集，建立多因素模糊综合评判的评价模型，逐步获得最优装配顺序。二者互为因果，相互配合，能够生成合理有效的装配工艺结构。
（3）研究基于拓扑的层次式工艺特征建模方法。采用多色集合对工艺特征模型的底层框架进行描述，并建立推理关系矩阵，完成特征的表面层和基准层推理，实现了对设计特征的拓扑级信息提取和工艺化描述，建立了工艺信息与设计几何之间的数字化关联。
（4）针对装配工艺样机的信息构成特点和飞机产品工程更改频繁的特点，给出基于层次编码的工艺信息表示和管理方案。采用工艺码和设计码联合的编码方式，不仅能够清晰地表达主模型与其他工艺信息之间的层次和隶属关系，而且建立了工艺样机与设计模型之间的关联，实现了二者的统一表示和管理。研究由设计模型到工艺样机的更改传播机制和方法，借助层次编码以及工艺特征对设计几何的引用关系，实现面向设计更改的工艺信息更改。
（5）开发了飞机装配工艺样机建模系统。并在某型号飞机的装配工艺设计中进行应用。实现了基于数字量传递的数据发放，能够满足企业装配工艺设计过程中的信息传递和发放需求，提高了装配工艺设计效率和质量。
There is a trend towards integration of aircraft design and manufacturing. Aviation industryenterprises urgently need to establish digital process information transfer system to improve transferefficiency of process information, which can meet the “low cost, short cycle, and good quality”demands of the aircraft manufacturing. In view of the practical problems and applicationrequirements of aviation enterprises, the modeling, representation, and transfer of processinformation are studied. Aircraft assembly process mock-up is defined, and its key modelingtechnologies are researched in depth. The creative achievements are as follows:
(1) In the aircraft assembly process planning, a lot of process information is transferred todownstream phases. Through analyzing that process information, assembly process mock-up isdefined. According to the mock-up,3D model is a carrier, and assembly process structure is mastermodel, and the geometry and process attributes of all kinds of process information are modeling. Andthen the relationship between the geometric information and non-geometric information is established.The digital process information can be transferred smoothly and effectively to downstream phases.
(2) In view of the nonlinear of aircraft assembly planning, hierarchical mixed assembly planningmodel is proposed to generate assembly process structure, which includes two key methods: anassembly unit partition method based on immune algorithm and a gradually solving method forassembly sequence planning. According to the assembly relation intensity matrix, immune clonealgorithm is applied to clustering optimization, and then all the assembly units are gotten. Accordingto the mixed code matrix of assembly constraints, all the feasibly assembly element of every step areregarded as evaluation object set in assembly process, and an evaluation model based on multi-factorfuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established, which aims to obtain the optimal assembly sequencegradually. The two methods co-operate with each other to generate assembly process structure, whichcan meet the engineering demands.
(3) A hierarchical modeling method based on topology for process feature is proposed. Bottomframe of process feature model is constructed by using Polychromatic Sets. Reasoning matrix is usedto get feature surface and datum of the process feature. Feature extraction and process informationmodeling based on feature surface and datum is realized. And then the digital connection betweenprocess information and design geometry is established.
(4) According to information form characteristics of assembly process mock-up and frequent modification of aircraft product design, the process information management scheme based onhierarchical code is put forward. Process code and design code is combined to represent processinformation, which not only can clearly express the level and subordination of master model and otherprocess information, but also can establish the connection between assembly process mock-up anddesign model. And then unified representation and management of assembly process mock-up anddesign model can be realized. Modification response mechanism between the two models isresearched. By means of hierarchical code and geometric reference, the process informationmodification with product design modification is realized.
(5) A modeling software system for aircraft assembly process mock-up is developed. The systemhas been used in a certain type of aircraft assembly process design. The system can meet the needs oftransfer and distribution of digital process data. The efficiency of assembly process design isimproved greatly.
引文
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