基于Android平台和增强现实的导航应用设计与开发
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摘要
增强现实技术,也叫做混合现实,是随着虚拟现实技术的发展和实际应用需要而出现的一种技术。增强现实技术并不是一种新兴业务,最早源于20世纪60年代末。因为其具有虚实结合、实时交互以及三维注册的特点,所以主要是用于扩展真实世界的信息,用以增强人们对于所看到景致获取更多的信息。
基于位置的导航信息服务在现代信息服务中占有非常重要的地位。无论是出行旅游,外出就餐,还是因公出差,都需要用到导航信息服务。但是现有地图形式的导航信息方法直观性不强,需要用户识别地理方向的问题。在智能手机出现以前,户外增强现实的产品都需要庞大的设备,携带非常不方便。因此,大多数用户无法体验到基于增强现实的导航功能。
智能手机,这种带有摄像头的移动设备成为了户外增强现实技术实现的良好平台。并且,智能手机的计算能力越来越强大,并且具有GPS和陀螺仪,已经越来越适用于研究户外增强现实技术。在智能手机上开发户外增强现实是比较前端的一门技术。在国外,很多名校和公司都在积极的开发研究。而相对国外,国内对这项技术的研究并不是太多。因此研究这项技术具有非常重要的理论意义和技术背景。
本论文主要的研究目标是实现一个基于Android平台的增强现实导航应用软件平台。根据增强现实的特点,采用Eclipse+SDK+ADT进行软件开发。该软件实现了基于增强现实技术的导航信息服务方法。软件的主要功能主要有增强现实导航、地图浏览、搜索和放大缩小显示增强范围等等。本文主要论述了基于增强现实的导航应用信息服务所涉及到的理论和方法。还主要描述了Android增强现实导航应用客户端的实现方案,包括项目研究背景,增强现实导航客户端的需求分析、Android增强现实导航应用客户端的开发设计和具体的开发过程、Android增强现实导航应用客户端的功能测试和性能测试。
Augmented Reality technology, also known as mixed reality, emerges with the development of virtual reality technology and needed on practical using. It is not a new business, which originated from the late of1960s. Because of its character of combination of the reality and virtuality, real-time interaction and3D registration, it is mainly used for expanding the real world information. The real world and the virtual information are combined seamlessly together. So it can enhance people get more information from their views.
Location-based navigation information service occupies a very important position in the modern information services. But existing navigation information based on maps requires users to identify geographic direction. It is not intuitive. Before the smart phones appear, the outdoor augmented reality products all need huge equipment and users carry it very inconvenient. Therefore, most people cannot experience the navigation function based on the augmented reality.
With the emergence of smart phones, the mobiles with camera immediately become a good platform for outdoor augmented reality technology. And with the smart phones which have GPS and gyroscopes inside becoming more and more powerful, smart phone has become more and more applicable for studying outdoor augmented reality technology. Developing outdoor augmented reality application on smart phone is a front technology. In other countries, many famous schools and companies are in active research and developing. So research on outdoor augmented reality based on smart phone has a very important theoretical significance and technical background.
The main goal of this paper is developing a navigation application based on Android platform and augmented reality. According to the characteristics of augmented reality, the author develops this application using Eclipse, SDK and ADT. The function of this application is navigating based on augmented reality, map browsing, search and zoom. This paper also discusses the theory and method of the augmented reality. It also describes the implementation of the application includes the project background, users need analysis, development and design of the client application, functional testing and performance testing.
基于位置的导航信息服务在现代信息服务中占有非常重要的地位。无论是出行旅游,外出就餐,还是因公出差,都需要用到导航信息服务。但是现有地图形式的导航信息方法直观性不强,需要用户识别地理方向的问题。在智能手机出现以前,户外增强现实的产品都需要庞大的设备,携带非常不方便。因此,大多数用户无法体验到基于增强现实的导航功能。
智能手机,这种带有摄像头的移动设备成为了户外增强现实技术实现的良好平台。并且,智能手机的计算能力越来越强大,并且具有GPS和陀螺仪,已经越来越适用于研究户外增强现实技术。在智能手机上开发户外增强现实是比较前端的一门技术。在国外,很多名校和公司都在积极的开发研究。而相对国外,国内对这项技术的研究并不是太多。因此研究这项技术具有非常重要的理论意义和技术背景。
本论文主要的研究目标是实现一个基于Android平台的增强现实导航应用软件平台。根据增强现实的特点,采用Eclipse+SDK+ADT进行软件开发。该软件实现了基于增强现实技术的导航信息服务方法。软件的主要功能主要有增强现实导航、地图浏览、搜索和放大缩小显示增强范围等等。本文主要论述了基于增强现实的导航应用信息服务所涉及到的理论和方法。还主要描述了Android增强现实导航应用客户端的实现方案,包括项目研究背景,增强现实导航客户端的需求分析、Android增强现实导航应用客户端的开发设计和具体的开发过程、Android增强现实导航应用客户端的功能测试和性能测试。
Augmented Reality technology, also known as mixed reality, emerges with the development of virtual reality technology and needed on practical using. It is not a new business, which originated from the late of1960s. Because of its character of combination of the reality and virtuality, real-time interaction and3D registration, it is mainly used for expanding the real world information. The real world and the virtual information are combined seamlessly together. So it can enhance people get more information from their views.
Location-based navigation information service occupies a very important position in the modern information services. But existing navigation information based on maps requires users to identify geographic direction. It is not intuitive. Before the smart phones appear, the outdoor augmented reality products all need huge equipment and users carry it very inconvenient. Therefore, most people cannot experience the navigation function based on the augmented reality.
With the emergence of smart phones, the mobiles with camera immediately become a good platform for outdoor augmented reality technology. And with the smart phones which have GPS and gyroscopes inside becoming more and more powerful, smart phone has become more and more applicable for studying outdoor augmented reality technology. Developing outdoor augmented reality application on smart phone is a front technology. In other countries, many famous schools and companies are in active research and developing. So research on outdoor augmented reality based on smart phone has a very important theoretical significance and technical background.
The main goal of this paper is developing a navigation application based on Android platform and augmented reality. According to the characteristics of augmented reality, the author develops this application using Eclipse, SDK and ADT. The function of this application is navigating based on augmented reality, map browsing, search and zoom. This paper also discusses the theory and method of the augmented reality. It also describes the implementation of the application includes the project background, users need analysis, development and design of the client application, functional testing and performance testing.
引文
[1]丰艳增强现实系统虚实无缝融合相关问题研究[学位论文]上海大学2007
[2]Nokia 2009 Trendbird Report Nokia's Mobile Mixed Reality Nokia 2009
[3]Azuma R A survey of augmented reality Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments Citeseer 1997
[4]张锦明,付永恒 基于GPS/GPRS的位置信息服务系统的设计与实现测绘通报2007年11期30-33
[5]汪小林,庞潇,罗英伟LBS-p：一个支持在线地图服务的LBS支撑平台计算机科学与探索2010年06期520-530
[6]朱云龙LBS在3G中的应用 中国电子商情2007年Z1期 39-40
[7]齐攀,蔡君,刘伟平LBS平台中GIS的研究与实现科学技术与工程2009年06期 1438-1442
[8]Ronald T, Azuma A survey of augmented reality Presence:Teleoperatorsa nd Virtual Environments 6(4) 1997 355-385
[9]Feine S, Maclntyre B, Hollerer T, etc A touring machine:PrototyPing 3d mobile augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment In Proeeedings of the 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers(ISWC' 97) 1997 74-81.
[10]Hollerer T, Feiner S, Terauchi T, etc Exploring MARS:Developing Indoor and Outdoor User Interfaces to a mobile Augmented Reality System Computers and Graphics 23(6) Dec 1999 779-785
[11]PieKarski W, Thomas, B H Tinmith-evo5-An Architecture for Supporting Mobile Augmented Reality Environments The 2nd International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2001 177-178
[12]Thomas B, Close B, Donoghue J,ect Arquake:An outdoor/indoor augmented reality first person application. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Wearable Computers 2000 139-146
[13]AD Cheok, SW Fong, KH Goh, etc Human pacman:a sensing-based mobile entertainment system with ubiquitous computing and tangible interaction In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Network and system support for games 2003 106-117.
[14]PINTARIC,T An adaptive thresholding algorithm for the augmented reality toolkit In IEEE International Augmented Reality Toolkit Workshop 2003 71
[15]Kato H, Billinghurst M Marker tracking and hmd calibration for a video-based augmented reality conferencing system In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality(IWAR'99) 1999 85-94
[16]Rekimoto J, Nagao K The world through the computer:computer augmented interaction with real world environments In Proceeding of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology(UIST'95) 1995 29-36
[17]Jun Rekimoto Transvision:A hand-held augmented reality system for collaborative design In International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia(VSMM'96) 1996 85-90
[18]Billinghurst M, Kato H, Poupyrev I The magicbook-moving seamlessly between reality and virtuality IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 21(3) 2001 6-8
[19]Geiger C, Kleinnjohann B, Reimann C, etc Mobile AR4ALL In Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality(IS AR'01) 2001 181-182
[20]Wagner D, Schmalstieg, D First Steps Towards Handheld Augmented Reality Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wearable Computers(ISWC'2003) 2003 127-135
[21]Mohring M, Lessig C, Bimber O Video see-through AR on consumer cell-phones In Proceedings of the Third IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality(ISMAR'04) 2004 252-253
[22]Henrysson A, Billinghurst M, Ollila M Face to Face Collaborative AR on Mobile Phones Proceedings Fourth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented and Mixed Reality(ISMAR'05) 2005 80-89
[23]Rohs M Marker-Based Embodied Interaction for Handheld Augmented Reality Games In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Pervasive Gaming Applications(PerGames) at PERVASIVE 2006 2006163-167
[24]Mozzies Game网站:
http://al.siemens.com/innovation/en/publikationen/publications_pof/pof_fall_200 4/research_cooperation.htm
[25]Hakkarainen M, Woodward C Symball-Camera Driven Table Tennis for Mobile Phones Poster at ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE 2005) 2005 321-324
[26]Geiger C, Paelke V, Reimann, C Mobile Entertainment Computing In Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.3105/2004 2000 142-147
[27]Niwaer Ai. Ying Lu, Jitender Deogun The smart phones of tomorrow Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Nebraska 5(1) Jan 2008 1-2
[28]Schmalstieg D, Wagner D Mobile Phones as a Platform for Augmented Reality Graz University of Technology 2009
[29]Belimpasakis P, You Y, Selonen P Enabling Rapid Creation of Content for Consumption in Mobile Augmented Reality 2010 Fourth Internation Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies 2010 1-6
[30]Bauer M, Bruegge B, Klinker G. etc Design of a Component-Based Augmented Reality Framework 2001 Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2001 45-54
[31]Schmalstieg D, Langlotz T, Billinghurst M Virtual Realities Springer Wien NewYork 2011 13-37
[32]Mizell D Augmented Reality Applications in Aerospace Proceedings of ISAR 2000 2000 9-15
[33]Kato H, Billinghurst M Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a video-based Augmented Reality Conferencing System In Procceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR 99) 1999 85-94
[34]Szalavari Z, Schmalstieg D, Fuhrmann A, etc "Studierstube":An Environment for Collaboration in Augmented Reality Virtual Reality-Systems Development and Applications Springer 3(1) 1998 37-49
[35]唐小成,康波基于AR的设备维护系统的交互设计与实现微计算机信息2008年27期224-225.
[36]章国锋,秦学英,董子龙面向增强视频的基于结构和运动恢复的摄像机标定计算机学报2006年12期2104-2111.
[37]任波,管涛,李利军等基于ARToolKit的增强现实系统开发与应用计算机系统应用2006年01期81-84.
[38]隋毅基于手持设备的增强现实技术研究与应用[学位论文]青岛大学2009
[39]杨丹基于ARToolKit增强现实交互场景的研究[学位论文]沈阳工业大学2012
[40]钟志鹏移动增强现实博物馆导览应用研究[学位论文]北京理工大学2011
[41]Vincenty Thaddeus Direct and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid with Application of Nested Equations Survey Review vol.23 200888-93
[42]坐标变换公式
http://derekliu.blog.51cto.com/4479510/864727
[43]透视投影变换
http://www.cnblogs.com/apapaxionga/archive/2011/12/29/2306380.html
[44]高奎贺 山毓俊 孙达 基于虚拟视频技术的机动车视频测速仪虚拟检车方法的研究 中国计量2011
[2]Nokia 2009 Trendbird Report Nokia's Mobile Mixed Reality Nokia 2009
[3]Azuma R A survey of augmented reality Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments Citeseer 1997
[4]张锦明,付永恒 基于GPS/GPRS的位置信息服务系统的设计与实现测绘通报2007年11期30-33
[5]汪小林,庞潇,罗英伟LBS-p：一个支持在线地图服务的LBS支撑平台计算机科学与探索2010年06期520-530
[6]朱云龙LBS在3G中的应用 中国电子商情2007年Z1期 39-40
[7]齐攀,蔡君,刘伟平LBS平台中GIS的研究与实现科学技术与工程2009年06期 1438-1442
[8]Ronald T, Azuma A survey of augmented reality Presence:Teleoperatorsa nd Virtual Environments 6(4) 1997 355-385
[9]Feine S, Maclntyre B, Hollerer T, etc A touring machine:PrototyPing 3d mobile augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment In Proeeedings of the 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers(ISWC' 97) 1997 74-81.
[10]Hollerer T, Feiner S, Terauchi T, etc Exploring MARS:Developing Indoor and Outdoor User Interfaces to a mobile Augmented Reality System Computers and Graphics 23(6) Dec 1999 779-785
[11]PieKarski W, Thomas, B H Tinmith-evo5-An Architecture for Supporting Mobile Augmented Reality Environments The 2nd International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2001 177-178
[12]Thomas B, Close B, Donoghue J,ect Arquake:An outdoor/indoor augmented reality first person application. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Wearable Computers 2000 139-146
[13]AD Cheok, SW Fong, KH Goh, etc Human pacman:a sensing-based mobile entertainment system with ubiquitous computing and tangible interaction In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Network and system support for games 2003 106-117.
[14]PINTARIC,T An adaptive thresholding algorithm for the augmented reality toolkit In IEEE International Augmented Reality Toolkit Workshop 2003 71
[15]Kato H, Billinghurst M Marker tracking and hmd calibration for a video-based augmented reality conferencing system In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality(IWAR'99) 1999 85-94
[16]Rekimoto J, Nagao K The world through the computer:computer augmented interaction with real world environments In Proceeding of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology(UIST'95) 1995 29-36
[17]Jun Rekimoto Transvision:A hand-held augmented reality system for collaborative design In International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia(VSMM'96) 1996 85-90
[18]Billinghurst M, Kato H, Poupyrev I The magicbook-moving seamlessly between reality and virtuality IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 21(3) 2001 6-8
[19]Geiger C, Kleinnjohann B, Reimann C, etc Mobile AR4ALL In Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality(IS AR'01) 2001 181-182
[20]Wagner D, Schmalstieg, D First Steps Towards Handheld Augmented Reality Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wearable Computers(ISWC'2003) 2003 127-135
[21]Mohring M, Lessig C, Bimber O Video see-through AR on consumer cell-phones In Proceedings of the Third IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality(ISMAR'04) 2004 252-253
[22]Henrysson A, Billinghurst M, Ollila M Face to Face Collaborative AR on Mobile Phones Proceedings Fourth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented and Mixed Reality(ISMAR'05) 2005 80-89
[23]Rohs M Marker-Based Embodied Interaction for Handheld Augmented Reality Games In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Pervasive Gaming Applications(PerGames) at PERVASIVE 2006 2006163-167
[24]Mozzies Game网站:
http://al.siemens.com/innovation/en/publikationen/publications_pof/pof_fall_200 4/research_cooperation.htm
[25]Hakkarainen M, Woodward C Symball-Camera Driven Table Tennis for Mobile Phones Poster at ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE 2005) 2005 321-324
[26]Geiger C, Paelke V, Reimann, C Mobile Entertainment Computing In Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.3105/2004 2000 142-147
[27]Niwaer Ai. Ying Lu, Jitender Deogun The smart phones of tomorrow Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Nebraska 5(1) Jan 2008 1-2
[28]Schmalstieg D, Wagner D Mobile Phones as a Platform for Augmented Reality Graz University of Technology 2009
[29]Belimpasakis P, You Y, Selonen P Enabling Rapid Creation of Content for Consumption in Mobile Augmented Reality 2010 Fourth Internation Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies 2010 1-6
[30]Bauer M, Bruegge B, Klinker G. etc Design of a Component-Based Augmented Reality Framework 2001 Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2001 45-54
[31]Schmalstieg D, Langlotz T, Billinghurst M Virtual Realities Springer Wien NewYork 2011 13-37
[32]Mizell D Augmented Reality Applications in Aerospace Proceedings of ISAR 2000 2000 9-15
[33]Kato H, Billinghurst M Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a video-based Augmented Reality Conferencing System In Procceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR 99) 1999 85-94
[34]Szalavari Z, Schmalstieg D, Fuhrmann A, etc "Studierstube":An Environment for Collaboration in Augmented Reality Virtual Reality-Systems Development and Applications Springer 3(1) 1998 37-49
[35]唐小成,康波基于AR的设备维护系统的交互设计与实现微计算机信息2008年27期224-225.
[36]章国锋,秦学英,董子龙面向增强视频的基于结构和运动恢复的摄像机标定计算机学报2006年12期2104-2111.
[37]任波,管涛,李利军等基于ARToolKit的增强现实系统开发与应用计算机系统应用2006年01期81-84.
[38]隋毅基于手持设备的增强现实技术研究与应用[学位论文]青岛大学2009
[39]杨丹基于ARToolKit增强现实交互场景的研究[学位论文]沈阳工业大学2012
[40]钟志鹏移动增强现实博物馆导览应用研究[学位论文]北京理工大学2011
[41]Vincenty Thaddeus Direct and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid with Application of Nested Equations Survey Review vol.23 200888-93
[42]坐标变换公式
http://derekliu.blog.51cto.com/4479510/864727
[43]透视投影变换
http://www.cnblogs.com/apapaxionga/archive/2011/12/29/2306380.html
[44]高奎贺 山毓俊 孙达 基于虚拟视频技术的机动车视频测速仪虚拟检车方法的研究 中国计量2011