太极拳运动对中老年人静态平衡能力影响的实验研究
摘要
随着年龄的增长,中老年人的各项生理机能渐变衰退,平衡能力的下降更为明显。中老年人平衡能力的下降,直接影响到身体重心的控制能力,进而给独立生活带来一定的困难,严重的可能引起跌倒及诱发其他疾病。研究证实,科学合理的体育锻炼对中老年人平衡能力有着积极的作用,能够提高维持平衡的能力。本研究通过测试6个月太极拳锻炼者、不参加体育锻炼者和有三年以上运动经历的陈式太极拳、杨式太极拳、快走运动者的静态平衡能力,纵向对比6个月锻炼与不参加运动的中老年人平衡能力的差异,横向对比太极拳与快走、陈式与杨式太极拳锻炼的中老年女性平衡能力的差异,研究太极拳运动对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响及机制。为中老年人选择改善平衡能力的运动项目提供科学的指导,为制定中老年人太极拳运动处方提供理论依据,进一步深化和丰富太极拳理论知识。
本研究运用了文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法。实验采用法国Medicpteurs公司制造研发的WIN—POD平衡仪,对155名中老年人进行了测试,实验组45人(太极拳锻炼者,男性21人,女性24人),对照组40人(非运动者,男性18人,女性22人),陈式太极拳组28人(女性),杨式太极拳22人(女性)和快走运动20人(女性)。选用了重心动摇轨迹长(length)、包络面积(area)、重心动摇速度(avg.Q.speed)、X轴摆动速度(x speed)、Y轴摆动速度(y speed)、X轴偏移(x dev)和Y轴偏移(y dev)七项平衡能力的指标。测试分别于实验前和实验6个月后进行。
结果显示:(1)6个月太极拳锻炼后,实验组在各种姿势状态下、各指标均小于实验前。重心动摇轨迹长、重心动摇速度和Y轴摆动速度在双足姿势下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足姿势下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);包络面积在闭眼状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足睁眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);X轴摆动速度在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足睁眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);X轴偏移在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),睁眼状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);Y轴偏移仅在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,双足姿势下均无显著性差异;单足姿势下,除去睁眼状态时X轴偏移呈显著性差异(P<0.05),其他指标均呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)陈式、杨式与快走运动组平衡能力测试各指标在各种姿势状态下均小于空白组。陈式组除了单足闭眼姿势状态下X轴偏移略大于快走组,其他各指标在各姿势状态下均小于快走组;杨式组与快走组各指标值大小情况相当;陈式组在双足姿势下Y轴偏移和单足闭眼姿势状态下Y轴摆动速度、X轴偏移略大于杨式组,其他各指标在各姿势状态下均小于杨式组。陈式组与快走组相比,在单足睁眼姿势状态下,中心动摇轨迹长、重心动摇速度和X轴摆动速度上呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。陈式组与杨式组相比,双足睁眼姿势状态下,重心动摇速度呈显著性差异(P<0.05);单足睁眼姿势状态下,包络面积和X轴摆动速度呈显著性差异(P<0.05)、重心动摇轨迹长和重心动摇速度呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。研究得出以下主要结论:
1、6个月太极拳练习提高了中老年人静态平衡能力,说明系统规律的太极拳锻炼对中老年人静态平衡能力有较好的改善作用,主要表现在单脚站立平衡能力和左右方向平衡控制能力有较明显地改善。
2、陈式太极拳改善中老年女性静态平衡能力的效果优于快走运动,说明不同形式的运动对中老年女性平衡能力的影响具有差异性,主要表现在前后方向的平衡控制能力有较明显地改善。
3、陈式太极拳改善中老年女性静态平衡能力的效果优于杨式太极拳,说明不同类型的太极拳运动对中老年女性静态平衡能力具有不同的影响,陈式太极拳运动更有利于改善中老年女性的静态平衡能力。
As the growth of the age, physiological functions of the aged and elderly people becomes vestigial, the declining ability of the balance is more obvious. This affects its ability to control body weight directly, and bring certain difficulties to their independent life , serious may cause fall and induce other diseases. Research proves, scientific and reasonable system of physical exercise has positive effects on the aged and elderly people balance ability, improve their ability to maintain the balance. This study through the test on the static balance ability of six months with taijiquan beginners、without activists and with more than 3 years experience on Chen-taijiquan、Yang-taijiquan、fast walking activists , longitudinal contrast on six months with taijiquan beginners and without activists in the balance capacity difference, lateral comparison taijiquan and fast walking movement、Chen style and Yang style in the elderly women balance capacity differences, impacts and mechanism of taijiquan training on the static balance ability of the aged and elderly people For middle and elderly in selecting the appropriate fitness programs and establishing exercise prescription, providing the basis for further enrich taijiquan theoretical knowledge.
This paper uses literature, experimental and mathematical statistics.Experimental uses WIN—POD balance meter made by Medicpteurs company of France, tests 155 subjects ,experimental group is 45(men 21 and women 24), control group is 40 (men 18 and women 22), Chen-taijiquan(28,women)、Yang-taijiquan(22, women)、fast walking movement(20,women). Chooses 7 balance capacity indicators that are length、area、avg.Q.speed、x speed、y speed、x dev and y dev. Participants were texted before and after the six months.
Results show:(1) after Six months taijiquan exercises, experimental group in various postures, each index were less than experiment before. length,avg.Q.speed and Y speed under the double foot has a significant difference (P<0.05), under a single foot has a very significant difference (P<0.01);area under the close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05),under a single foot-open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);X speed under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05), under a single foot-open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);X dev under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05), under open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);Y dev under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,under a single foot posture, Except X dev with open eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05),other all has a very significant difference (P<0.01).(2)Chen style、Yang style and fast walking group in various postures, each index were less than blank group.Chen style,except X dev under a single foot–close eyes has slightly bigger than fast walking group, other indicators in every position are less than fast walking group;Yang style and fast walking group have less difference on the size of the index; Chen style,except Y dev under the double foot and Y speed、X dev under a single foot-close eyes has bigger than Yang style, other indicators in every position are less than Yang style. Compared Chen style with fast walking group,under a single foot–open eyes,length、 avg.Q.speed and x speed has a significant difference (P<0.05).Compared Chen style with Yang style,under the double foot-open eyes, avg.Q.speed has a significant difference (P<0.05);under a single foot-open eyes,area and x speed has a significant difference (P<0.05)、length and avg.Q.speed has a very significant difference (P<0.01).main conclusions can be drawn as following:
1、6 months taijiquan exercise improves the static balance ability of the aged and elderly people, it is explained that system taijiquan exercise have better improvement actions for aged and elderly people in the static balance ability, mainly displays on balance ability under a single foot standing and left-right direction has a significantly improved.
2、Chen-taijiquan on the improvement effects of the aged and elderly women is better than fast walking movement,it is explained that different form exercise has difference influence on the balance improvements for aged and elderly women, mainly displays on balance ability under around direction has a significantly improved.
3、Chen-taijiquan on the improvement effects of the aged and elderly women is better than is better than Yang-taijiquan,it is explained that different types of taijiquan for aged and elderly on improving the static balance ability is not the same, Chen-taijiquan is more beneficial to improve the aged and elderly women’s static balance ability.
本研究运用了文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法。实验采用法国Medicpteurs公司制造研发的WIN—POD平衡仪,对155名中老年人进行了测试,实验组45人(太极拳锻炼者,男性21人,女性24人),对照组40人(非运动者,男性18人,女性22人),陈式太极拳组28人(女性),杨式太极拳22人(女性)和快走运动20人(女性)。选用了重心动摇轨迹长(length)、包络面积(area)、重心动摇速度(avg.Q.speed)、X轴摆动速度(x speed)、Y轴摆动速度(y speed)、X轴偏移(x dev)和Y轴偏移(y dev)七项平衡能力的指标。测试分别于实验前和实验6个月后进行。
结果显示:(1)6个月太极拳锻炼后,实验组在各种姿势状态下、各指标均小于实验前。重心动摇轨迹长、重心动摇速度和Y轴摆动速度在双足姿势下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足姿势下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);包络面积在闭眼状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足睁眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);X轴摆动速度在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),单足睁眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);X轴偏移在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈显著性差异(P<0.05),睁眼状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);Y轴偏移仅在单足闭眼姿势状态下呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,双足姿势下均无显著性差异;单足姿势下,除去睁眼状态时X轴偏移呈显著性差异(P<0.05),其他指标均呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)陈式、杨式与快走运动组平衡能力测试各指标在各种姿势状态下均小于空白组。陈式组除了单足闭眼姿势状态下X轴偏移略大于快走组,其他各指标在各姿势状态下均小于快走组;杨式组与快走组各指标值大小情况相当;陈式组在双足姿势下Y轴偏移和单足闭眼姿势状态下Y轴摆动速度、X轴偏移略大于杨式组,其他各指标在各姿势状态下均小于杨式组。陈式组与快走组相比,在单足睁眼姿势状态下,中心动摇轨迹长、重心动摇速度和X轴摆动速度上呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。陈式组与杨式组相比,双足睁眼姿势状态下,重心动摇速度呈显著性差异(P<0.05);单足睁眼姿势状态下,包络面积和X轴摆动速度呈显著性差异(P<0.05)、重心动摇轨迹长和重心动摇速度呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。研究得出以下主要结论:
1、6个月太极拳练习提高了中老年人静态平衡能力,说明系统规律的太极拳锻炼对中老年人静态平衡能力有较好的改善作用,主要表现在单脚站立平衡能力和左右方向平衡控制能力有较明显地改善。
2、陈式太极拳改善中老年女性静态平衡能力的效果优于快走运动,说明不同形式的运动对中老年女性平衡能力的影响具有差异性,主要表现在前后方向的平衡控制能力有较明显地改善。
3、陈式太极拳改善中老年女性静态平衡能力的效果优于杨式太极拳,说明不同类型的太极拳运动对中老年女性静态平衡能力具有不同的影响,陈式太极拳运动更有利于改善中老年女性的静态平衡能力。
As the growth of the age, physiological functions of the aged and elderly people becomes vestigial, the declining ability of the balance is more obvious. This affects its ability to control body weight directly, and bring certain difficulties to their independent life , serious may cause fall and induce other diseases. Research proves, scientific and reasonable system of physical exercise has positive effects on the aged and elderly people balance ability, improve their ability to maintain the balance. This study through the test on the static balance ability of six months with taijiquan beginners、without activists and with more than 3 years experience on Chen-taijiquan、Yang-taijiquan、fast walking activists , longitudinal contrast on six months with taijiquan beginners and without activists in the balance capacity difference, lateral comparison taijiquan and fast walking movement、Chen style and Yang style in the elderly women balance capacity differences, impacts and mechanism of taijiquan training on the static balance ability of the aged and elderly people For middle and elderly in selecting the appropriate fitness programs and establishing exercise prescription, providing the basis for further enrich taijiquan theoretical knowledge.
This paper uses literature, experimental and mathematical statistics.Experimental uses WIN—POD balance meter made by Medicpteurs company of France, tests 155 subjects ,experimental group is 45(men 21 and women 24), control group is 40 (men 18 and women 22), Chen-taijiquan(28,women)、Yang-taijiquan(22, women)、fast walking movement(20,women). Chooses 7 balance capacity indicators that are length、area、avg.Q.speed、x speed、y speed、x dev and y dev. Participants were texted before and after the six months.
Results show:(1) after Six months taijiquan exercises, experimental group in various postures, each index were less than experiment before. length,avg.Q.speed and Y speed under the double foot has a significant difference (P<0.05), under a single foot has a very significant difference (P<0.01);area under the close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05),under a single foot-open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);X speed under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05), under a single foot-open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);X dev under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05), under open eyes has a very significant difference (P<0.01);Y dev under a single foot-close eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,under a single foot posture, Except X dev with open eyes has a significant difference (P<0.05),other all has a very significant difference (P<0.01).(2)Chen style、Yang style and fast walking group in various postures, each index were less than blank group.Chen style,except X dev under a single foot–close eyes has slightly bigger than fast walking group, other indicators in every position are less than fast walking group;Yang style and fast walking group have less difference on the size of the index; Chen style,except Y dev under the double foot and Y speed、X dev under a single foot-close eyes has bigger than Yang style, other indicators in every position are less than Yang style. Compared Chen style with fast walking group,under a single foot–open eyes,length、 avg.Q.speed and x speed has a significant difference (P<0.05).Compared Chen style with Yang style,under the double foot-open eyes, avg.Q.speed has a significant difference (P<0.05);under a single foot-open eyes,area and x speed has a significant difference (P<0.05)、length and avg.Q.speed has a very significant difference (P<0.01).main conclusions can be drawn as following:
1、6 months taijiquan exercise improves the static balance ability of the aged and elderly people, it is explained that system taijiquan exercise have better improvement actions for aged and elderly people in the static balance ability, mainly displays on balance ability under a single foot standing and left-right direction has a significantly improved.
2、Chen-taijiquan on the improvement effects of the aged and elderly women is better than fast walking movement,it is explained that different form exercise has difference influence on the balance improvements for aged and elderly women, mainly displays on balance ability under around direction has a significantly improved.
3、Chen-taijiquan on the improvement effects of the aged and elderly women is better than is better than Yang-taijiquan,it is explained that different types of taijiquan for aged and elderly on improving the static balance ability is not the same, Chen-taijiquan is more beneficial to improve the aged and elderly women’s static balance ability.
引文
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6孙云霞.秧歌舞锻炼对中老年女性平衡能力与骨密度的影响[J].辽宁师范大学学报(然科学版),2007,30(1):119-20
7祝令庆,张建国,张建玉.负荷伸膝运动对中老年人下肢肌力及平衡能力的影响[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2008,27(3):49-51
8丁华丽.踢毽运动对中老年女性单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].广州体育学院学报,2004,24(6):54
9刘四,王俊兰.有氧健身操对中老人妇女体质的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(28):194
10Roth AE,Miller MG,Ricard M,etal.Comparisons of static and dynamic balance following training in aquatic and land environments[J].Sport Rehabil,2006,15:299-311.
1陈文鹤,郭黎,马俊杰,等.长期木兰拳练习对中老年人平衡调节的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2004,28(1):68
2金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005, 29(1):45-48
3马兰军,任庆军,张昕,等.太极拳对改善中老年妇女平衡能力的研究[J].中国妇幼研究,2007,18(6):484-85
4张孝荣.练习太极拳对中老年单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,2009,25(2):82-83
5荣湘江,马炳存.太极拳运动对中年人平衡能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(4):343-46
1周崇山.太极拳运动与减少秧歌对部分中老年妇女平衡能力影响的对比研究[D].河北师范大学,2007
2Margaret K. Mak,PhD,Pui Ling Ng,MSc.Mediolateral Sway in Single-Leg Stance Is the Best Dscriminator of Balance Performance for Tai-Chi Practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med habil,2003,84:683-86
3Guan H,Koceja DM.Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and h-reflex characteristics[J].Am J Chin Med.2011,39(2):251-60.
4Gyllensten AL, Hui-Chan CW, Tsang WW.Stability limits, single-leg jump, and body awareness in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2010,91(2):215-20.
5张铁明,谭延敏.秧歌与太极拳对中老年女性健身作用的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(36):70
6刘崇,闫芬,李颖,等.太极拳、健步走对改善女性老年人静态平衡功能效果的对比研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(5):445-47
1李奇虎,黄秀玉.对太极拳锻炼提高中年人平衡能力的实验研究[J].搏击-武术科学,2007,4(5):37-8
2马兰军,任庆军,张昕,等.太极拳对改善中老年妇女平衡能力的研究[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2007,18(6):484-85
3张孝荣.练习太极拳对中老年单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,2009,25(2):82-83
4周崇山.太极拳运动与减少秧歌对部分中老年妇女平衡能力影响的对比研究[D].河北师范大学,2007
5Margaret K. Mak,PhD,Pui Ling Ng,MSc.Mediolateral Sway in Single-Leg Stance Is the Best Dscriminator of Balance Performance for Tai-Chi Practitioner s[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003,84:683-86.
6Guan H,Koceja DM.Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and h-reflex characteristics[J]. Am J Chin Med.2011,39(2):251-60.
7Wolf SL, BarubartHX, Kutner NG, etal.Reducing frailty and falls in older persons:an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized training[J].Am Geriatr Soc,1996,44:489–97.
8吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
1Williamww.N.Tsang, Christina WY.Hui-Chan.Effects of Tai Chi on joint Proprioception and Stanbility Limits in Elderly Subjects[J].Med.Sci.Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-71
2Xu,DQ,Li,JX,Hong,Y,etal.Effect of Tai Chi exercise on proprioception of ankle and knee joints in old people[J].British Journal of SportsMedicine,2004,38:50-54.
3姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(1):75-77
4Margaret K. Mak, PhD, Pui Ling Ng, MSc. Mediolateral Sway in Single-Leg Stance Is the Best Dscriminator of Balance Performance for Tai-Chi Practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003,84:683-86.
1Ge Wu, Juvena Hitt.Ground contact characteristics of Tai Chi gait[J].Article in press,2004,6:1-7
2朱文敏.太极拳运动对老年人平衡能力的影响及其下肢肌肉工作特征研究[D].上海体育学院,2009
3吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
4金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005, 29(1):45-48
1刘骁蒨.体育锻炼对河南省中老年人体质及骨健康的影响[J].武汉体育学院,2008,
2吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
3Dong-Qing Xu,Jing-Xian Li,Youlian Hong. Effect of regular Tai Chi and jogging exercise on neuromuscular reaction in older people[J].Age and Ageing,2005,34(5):439-444.
4Xu DQ,Li JX,Hong Y.Effects of long term Tai Chi practice and jogging exercise on muscle strength and endurance in older people[J].2006,40(1):50-4.
1刘崇,闫芬,李颖,等.太极拳、健步走对改善女性老年人静态平衡功能效果的对比研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(5):445-47
1Yan Tiebin,Xie Ronghuo,Guo Youhua,etal .Comparison of the efects of shadowboxing on equilibrium function Of healthy elderly women[J]Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation,2005,9(4):159-61.
2Tsang WWN,Hui-Chan KM.Tai Chi:Physiological characteristics and beneficial effects on health[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2004,36:648-57.
3Mao Hongni.Effects of taijiquan exercises combined with orally calcium supplement on postmenopausal women's bonemineral density[J].Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,2009,24(9):814-16.
1姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22:75-7
2Tsang WWN,Hui-Chan CM.Tai Chi:Physiological characteristics and beneficial effects on health[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2004,36:648-57.
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2王西安.陈式太极拳老架[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2007
3人民体育出版社.太极拳全书[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1998
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[29]孙云霞.秧歌舞锻炼对中老年女性平衡能力与骨密度的影响[J].辽宁师范大学学报(然科学版),2007,30(1):119-20
[30]祝令庆,张建国,张建玉.负荷伸膝运动对中老年人下肢肌力及平衡能力的影响[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2008,27(3):49-51
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[35]马兰军,任庆军,张昕,等.太极拳对改善中老年妇女平衡能力的研究[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2007,18(6):484-85
[36]张孝荣.练习太极拳对中老年单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,2009,25(2):82-83
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[39] Guan H,Koceja DM.Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and h-reflex characteristics[J].Am J Chin Med.2011,39(2):251-60.
[40] Gyllensten AL,Hui-Chan CW,Tsang WW.Stability limits,single-leg jump,and body awareness in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2010,91(2):215-20.
[41]张铁明,谭延敏.秧歌与太极拳对中老年女性健身作用的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(36):70
[42]刘崇,闫芬,李颖,等.太极拳、健步走对改善女性老年人静态平衡功能效果的对比研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(5):445-47
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[54] Xu DQ,Li JX,Hong Y.Effects of long term Tai Chi practice and jogging exercise on muscle strength and endurance in older people[J].2006,40(1):50-4.
[55] Yan Tiebin,Xie Ronghuo,Guo Youhua,etal.Comparison of the efects of shadowboxing on equilibrium function Of healthy elderly women[J].chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation,2005,9(4):159-61.
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[57] Mao Hongni.Effects of taijiquan exercises combined with orally calcium supplement on postmenopausal women's bonemineral density[J].Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,2009,24(9):814-16.
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2金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(1):45-48
3肖春梅,李阳,梁晓杰,等.体育锻炼对老年人平衡能力的影响[J].现代康复,2001,5(11)
4金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(1):45-48
1陈文鹤,赵釜生.太极拳练习的能量消耗和甲皱微循环变化[J].上海体育学院学报,1984,8(2):1-7
2周雷,王健,吴飞.高﹑中、低架势太极拳运动的气体代谢反应[J].中国运动医学杂志,2007,26(2):211
3任可欣.太极拳改善老年人平衡的研究进展[J].体育科研,2004,25(4):52-53
4刘崇.参与太极拳、交谊舞、健步走对老年女性静态平衡能力对比分析[D].河北师范大学,2009
5韩有译.太极拳练习对老年人心肺功能及平衡能力阶段平的研究[D].东北师范大学,2010
1肖春梅.人体平衡能力测试方法文献综述[J].吉林体育学院学报,2001,17(2):52-54
2吕志,刘静.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响[J].武术科学,2009,10(6):33-35
3肖春梅.老年人平衡能力的性别特征[J].体育科学研究,2001,5(2):26-28
4张建国,谭明义,毛文敏.中老年人静止站立时平衡机能研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(5):604-607
1霍洪峰,林佳龙,赵亮,等.老年人平衡能力特点及评估[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(51):10332
2王宁华,殷秀珍,黄永禧,等.正常人平衡定量评测及相关因素初探[J].中国康复医学杂志,1995,10:17-19
3汪敏,李学佩,李哲生,等.年龄和视觉对直立静态平衡的影响[J].耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,1997,4 (1):9-12
4Lordsr.The effete sofa community exercise faetorsin older women[J].Ostcoporos Int,1996,6(5):361-67
5金冬梅,燕铁斌.平衡功能临床评定研究进展[J],中华物理医学与康复杂志,2002,24(3):187-89
6刘崇,阎芬,曹兵,等.运动延缓老年人平衡能力下降的研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(7):674
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2肖春梅,王彤,姜桂萍.太极拳运动对老年平衡能力的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(4):489-90
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1魏继红.太极拳的健身功效及技击特点之研究[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2002,18(4):17
2陈文鹤,赵釜生.太极拳练习的能量消耗和甲皱微循环变化[J].上海体育学院学报,1984,8(2):1-7
3姚保龙,蒋小毛,霍文景,等.长期活动对老年人平衡功能的影响[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005,27(9):571-572
4陈敏雄、王恬、陈佩杰.健身锻炼对老年妇女身体素质和运动能力的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4):162-163
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2曾云贵,周小青,王安利,等.健身气功?八段锦锻炼对中老年人身体形态和理机能影响的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(9):1207-09
3魏胜敏.四种健身气功锻炼对中老年人健身功效的研究[D].河北师范大学,2007
4张勃欣.易筋经对中老年人平衡功能的试验研究[D].北京中医药大学,2009
5韩仁英.12周扭秧歌对中老年女性身体形态、机能和身体素质变化的影响[D].北京体育大学,2006
6孙云霞.秧歌舞锻炼对中老年女性平衡能力与骨密度的影响[J].辽宁师范大学学报(然科学版),2007,30(1):119-20
7祝令庆,张建国,张建玉.负荷伸膝运动对中老年人下肢肌力及平衡能力的影响[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2008,27(3):49-51
8丁华丽.踢毽运动对中老年女性单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].广州体育学院学报,2004,24(6):54
9刘四,王俊兰.有氧健身操对中老人妇女体质的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(28):194
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1陈文鹤,郭黎,马俊杰,等.长期木兰拳练习对中老年人平衡调节的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2004,28(1):68
2金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005, 29(1):45-48
3马兰军,任庆军,张昕,等.太极拳对改善中老年妇女平衡能力的研究[J].中国妇幼研究,2007,18(6):484-85
4张孝荣.练习太极拳对中老年单足站立平衡能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,2009,25(2):82-83
5荣湘江,马炳存.太极拳运动对中年人平衡能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(4):343-46
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2Margaret K. Mak,PhD,Pui Ling Ng,MSc.Mediolateral Sway in Single-Leg Stance Is the Best Dscriminator of Balance Performance for Tai-Chi Practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med habil,2003,84:683-86
3Guan H,Koceja DM.Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and h-reflex characteristics[J].Am J Chin Med.2011,39(2):251-60.
4Gyllensten AL, Hui-Chan CW, Tsang WW.Stability limits, single-leg jump, and body awareness in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2010,91(2):215-20.
5张铁明,谭延敏.秧歌与太极拳对中老年女性健身作用的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(36):70
6刘崇,闫芬,李颖,等.太极拳、健步走对改善女性老年人静态平衡功能效果的对比研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(5):445-47
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2马兰军,任庆军,张昕,等.太极拳对改善中老年妇女平衡能力的研究[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2007,18(6):484-85
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6Guan H,Koceja DM.Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and h-reflex characteristics[J]. Am J Chin Med.2011,39(2):251-60.
7Wolf SL, BarubartHX, Kutner NG, etal.Reducing frailty and falls in older persons:an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized training[J].Am Geriatr Soc,1996,44:489–97.
8吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
1Williamww.N.Tsang, Christina WY.Hui-Chan.Effects of Tai Chi on joint Proprioception and Stanbility Limits in Elderly Subjects[J].Med.Sci.Sports Exerc,2003,35(12):1962-71
2Xu,DQ,Li,JX,Hong,Y,etal.Effect of Tai Chi exercise on proprioception of ankle and knee joints in old people[J].British Journal of SportsMedicine,2004,38:50-54.
3姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(1):75-77
4Margaret K. Mak, PhD, Pui Ling Ng, MSc. Mediolateral Sway in Single-Leg Stance Is the Best Dscriminator of Balance Performance for Tai-Chi Practitioners[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003,84:683-86.
1Ge Wu, Juvena Hitt.Ground contact characteristics of Tai Chi gait[J].Article in press,2004,6:1-7
2朱文敏.太极拳运动对老年人平衡能力的影响及其下肢肌肉工作特征研究[D].上海体育学院,2009
3吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
4金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005, 29(1):45-48
1刘骁蒨.体育锻炼对河南省中老年人体质及骨健康的影响[J].武汉体育学院,2008,
2吕志.太极拳训练与本体感觉训练对中老年人平衡能力影响的实验研究[D].上海体育学院,2010
3Dong-Qing Xu,Jing-Xian Li,Youlian Hong. Effect of regular Tai Chi and jogging exercise on neuromuscular reaction in older people[J].Age and Ageing,2005,34(5):439-444.
4Xu DQ,Li JX,Hong Y.Effects of long term Tai Chi practice and jogging exercise on muscle strength and endurance in older people[J].2006,40(1):50-4.
1刘崇,闫芬,李颖,等.太极拳、健步走对改善女性老年人静态平衡功能效果的对比研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2009,24(5):445-47
1Yan Tiebin,Xie Ronghuo,Guo Youhua,etal .Comparison of the efects of shadowboxing on equilibrium function Of healthy elderly women[J]Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation,2005,9(4):159-61.
2Tsang WWN,Hui-Chan KM.Tai Chi:Physiological characteristics and beneficial effects on health[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2004,36:648-57.
3Mao Hongni.Effects of taijiquan exercises combined with orally calcium supplement on postmenopausal women's bonemineral density[J].Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,2009,24(9):814-16.
1姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22:75-7
2Tsang WWN,Hui-Chan CM.Tai Chi:Physiological characteristics and beneficial effects on health[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2004,36:648-57.
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