参与太极拳、交谊舞、健步走对老年女性静态平衡能力的对比分析
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摘要
随着我国人口结构老年化进程的加速,人口老龄化问题已经成为全社会关注的焦点。人口老龄化所带来的一切老龄问题的根源是年龄增长带来的正常(生理性)衰老或病理性衰老。老年人平衡能力下降,直接影响老年人独立生活能力,严重的会引起老年人跌倒,诱发其它疾病。研究证实科学合理的体育锻炼具有改善老年人平衡能力下降的作用,并对摔倒起到了预防作用。本研究通过测试经常参加太极拳、交谊舞和健步走运动女性老年人的静态平衡能力,对比经常参加这三种运动和不参加运动女性老年人静态平衡能力之间的差异,评定这三种运动对改善女性老年人平衡能力的效果,分析出三种运动对改善女性老年人平衡能力效果的优劣,为老年人科学的选择适合自身的健身运动来改善平衡能力提供理论依据,进一步提高老年人抗衰老的能力,使老年人得以益寿延年,对创建和谐社会具有一定的现实意义。
本实验采用中国科学院合肥智能所生产的人体静态平衡能力测试系统对188名老年人进行了测试,并在测试前发放了调查问卷,剔出不符合受试者限制条件的以及由于自身身体条件的限制而不能完成测试过程的16人,测得有效人数为172人。分别为太极拳组47人,交谊舞组40人,健步走组40人,无锻炼组45人。本研究共采用了包络面积(Env Area)、重心动摇轨迹长(Lng)、轨迹均方差(V)、能量损耗(Eng)、X方向上的轨迹长(Lngx)、Y方向上的轨迹长(Lngy)6个指标作为评判人体静态平衡能力的指标。
采用SPSS11.5统计软件处理评定参数,各指标用均数±标准差((?)±S)表示;因为人体静态平衡能力除了受运动因素的影响外,还会受到年龄、身高、体重等因素影响,运动因素是可以控的,而身高和体重等因素是不可控的,所以本研究采用多元协方差分析;将身高、体重作为协变量,采用多元协方差分析检验女性老年人静态平衡能力增龄性变化的趋势;将年龄、身高和体重作为协变量分析经常参加三种体育运动的和不经常参加体育运动的女性老年人之间静态平衡能力的差异以及分析三种运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力效果的差异性。在采用多元协方差分析时,采用协方差分析中的Post Hoc法比较组间评定参数的差异有无显著性,显著性水平为P＜0.05,非常显著水平为P＜0.01。
初步得出以下结论:
1机体静态平衡能力随着年龄的增长而呈现下降的趋势,无锻炼组静态平衡能力随年龄增长下降的速率较快。
2经常参加太极拳、交谊舞和健步走三种运动均具有改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的功效。其中太极拳组70岁以上年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力差异无显著性,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当,在闭眼姿势下太极拳组70岁以上年龄段甚至还优于无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力;交谊舞组70岁以上年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力差异无显著性,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当;健步走组65-69岁年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁以上女性老年人静态平衡能力无差异,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当。
3太极拳、交谊舞运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的效果明显优于健步走运动;太极拳和交谊舞运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力无显著性差异,提示老年人在选取运动项目改善静态平衡能力时,优先选取太极拳或交谊舞运动,由于太极拳和交谊舞运动在改善平衡能力的实现过程中,改善的机体结构有所侧重,所以太极拳和交谊舞交替练习效果更佳。
4太极拳组和交谊舞组在Romberg率的对比时具有显著性的差异,此结果表明在由前庭、视觉和本体感觉三大系统控制的机体平衡能力中,交谊舞组视觉系统所占比重比太极拳组大,由此推断,交谊舞运动对机体的视觉系统的改善效果要优于太极拳运动,改善机体视觉系统为交谊舞运动改善老年人静态平衡能力的主要途径之一;此结果同时也表明太极拳组的神经肌肉调节的灵敏性优于交谊舞组,由此推断,增加肌力矩、提高神经肌肉调节灵敏性为太极拳运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的主要途径之一。
As the aging process of China's population structure is accelerating,the aging of the population issue has become the focus of attention.The aging of the population is bound to bring the aging of the population issue.Its root is caused by age normal(physiological) aging or pathological aging. Balance ability of older persons which directly affects the capacity of the elderly live independently, and in serious eases can cause the elderly to fall,inducing other diseases.Scientific research has shown that physical activity has a reasonable balance between the capacity of the elderly to improve the role of decline and fall played a preventive role.Through testing of the static balance ability of older persons who take part in tai chi,ballroom dance and exercise Vigorous Walk and comparing the differences between elderly women who take part in regular exercises of these three sports and who do not,the study assesses the effectiveness these three kinds of exercise have on improving older women's balance ability,and it also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the effectiveness of the three.It provides a theoretical basis for the elderly to choose their own scientific fitness exercise to improve their balance ability.And it further enhances the ability of anti-aging older persons and enables the elderly to live longer and healthier so as to have a certain practical significance in creating a harmonious society.
There are 188 older people were tested by the human body static balance test system,which was produced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Branch.Before the test,they were issued a questionnaire.And finally based on the subjects of personnel constraints,as well as their physical condition as a result of the impact of failure to complete testing process,and removed to clean up staff who do not meet the conditions of 16,measured the effective number of 172,containing 47 people of Tai Chi Group,40 people of ballroom dance group,40 people of Vigorous Walk group, 45 people of non-exercise group.In this study,the Chinese Communists used:size envelope(Env Area),the focus waver long trajectory(Lng),trajectories are variance(V),energy loss(Eng),X direction of the trajectory length(Lngx),Y direction Track length(Lngy) 6 indicators as evaluation capacity of the human body static balance indicators.
Data obtained from the Statistical Package for SPSS11.5 after treatment,using independent samples't' test to draw the elderly female balance,age-related changes in the trend as well as take part in three types of regular sports and non-regular female participation in sports among the elderly balance capabilities;At the same time,one-way ANOVA of Post Hoc Comparison of parameters of inter-group differences assessed whether or not significant,significant level of P＜0.05,a very significant level of P＜0.01,analysis three types of exercise in improving balance in elderly women reduced ability to respect differences.Preliminary to draw the following conclusions:
1 Static balance ability of the body are rises with age and show a downward trend, non-exercise group of static balance ability decline with age faster rate.
2 Tai Chi can improve older women's ability to control the body's balance,the static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in tai chi group was almost the same as those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group,in the eye-closed position,the static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in tai chi group was even better than those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group;the static balance ability of the social dance group is superior to the static non-exercise group balance,the findings and previous studies are almost the same.The static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in ballroom dance group was almost the same as those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group; Vigorous Walk also can improve the static balance ability of the elderly female.The static balance ability of Women at the age of 65-69 in Vigorous Walk group has equilibrium ability with those women over 60-64 of non-exercise group.
3 As for improving the balance ability of elderly women,Tai Chi Chuan was better than the Vigorous Walk.But there's little difference between Tai Chi and ballroom dance in improving static balance ability of older women.For those elderly women who wants to improve there static balance ability,the study suggests that they'd better choose tai chi or ballroom dance.
4 There are significance differences between Tai chi group and Ballroom Dancing Group while taking the Romberg rate comparison.The results show that the visual system of the social dance group had more influence on the static balance than tai chi group,and thus can also be inferred,the effectiveness of body visual system of ballroom dance sport is superior to that of Tai Chi.It can also be inferred that the major route that the impact which the Ballroom Dancing has on elderly women's static balancing ability was realized mainly through the visual system.
本实验采用中国科学院合肥智能所生产的人体静态平衡能力测试系统对188名老年人进行了测试,并在测试前发放了调查问卷,剔出不符合受试者限制条件的以及由于自身身体条件的限制而不能完成测试过程的16人,测得有效人数为172人。分别为太极拳组47人,交谊舞组40人,健步走组40人,无锻炼组45人。本研究共采用了包络面积(Env Area)、重心动摇轨迹长(Lng)、轨迹均方差(V)、能量损耗(Eng)、X方向上的轨迹长(Lngx)、Y方向上的轨迹长(Lngy)6个指标作为评判人体静态平衡能力的指标。
采用SPSS11.5统计软件处理评定参数,各指标用均数±标准差((?)±S)表示;因为人体静态平衡能力除了受运动因素的影响外,还会受到年龄、身高、体重等因素影响,运动因素是可以控的,而身高和体重等因素是不可控的,所以本研究采用多元协方差分析;将身高、体重作为协变量,采用多元协方差分析检验女性老年人静态平衡能力增龄性变化的趋势;将年龄、身高和体重作为协变量分析经常参加三种体育运动的和不经常参加体育运动的女性老年人之间静态平衡能力的差异以及分析三种运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力效果的差异性。在采用多元协方差分析时,采用协方差分析中的Post Hoc法比较组间评定参数的差异有无显著性,显著性水平为P＜0.05,非常显著水平为P＜0.01。
初步得出以下结论:
1机体静态平衡能力随着年龄的增长而呈现下降的趋势,无锻炼组静态平衡能力随年龄增长下降的速率较快。
2经常参加太极拳、交谊舞和健步走三种运动均具有改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的功效。其中太极拳组70岁以上年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力差异无显著性,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当,在闭眼姿势下太极拳组70岁以上年龄段甚至还优于无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力;交谊舞组70岁以上年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁年龄段女性老年人的静态平衡能力差异无显著性,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当;健步走组65-69岁年龄段和无锻炼组60-64岁以上女性老年人静态平衡能力无差异,两组间对静态平衡的控制能力相当。
3太极拳、交谊舞运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的效果明显优于健步走运动;太极拳和交谊舞运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力无显著性差异,提示老年人在选取运动项目改善静态平衡能力时,优先选取太极拳或交谊舞运动,由于太极拳和交谊舞运动在改善平衡能力的实现过程中,改善的机体结构有所侧重,所以太极拳和交谊舞交替练习效果更佳。
4太极拳组和交谊舞组在Romberg率的对比时具有显著性的差异,此结果表明在由前庭、视觉和本体感觉三大系统控制的机体平衡能力中,交谊舞组视觉系统所占比重比太极拳组大,由此推断,交谊舞运动对机体的视觉系统的改善效果要优于太极拳运动,改善机体视觉系统为交谊舞运动改善老年人静态平衡能力的主要途径之一;此结果同时也表明太极拳组的神经肌肉调节的灵敏性优于交谊舞组,由此推断,增加肌力矩、提高神经肌肉调节灵敏性为太极拳运动改善女性老年人静态平衡能力的主要途径之一。
As the aging process of China's population structure is accelerating,the aging of the population issue has become the focus of attention.The aging of the population is bound to bring the aging of the population issue.Its root is caused by age normal(physiological) aging or pathological aging. Balance ability of older persons which directly affects the capacity of the elderly live independently, and in serious eases can cause the elderly to fall,inducing other diseases.Scientific research has shown that physical activity has a reasonable balance between the capacity of the elderly to improve the role of decline and fall played a preventive role.Through testing of the static balance ability of older persons who take part in tai chi,ballroom dance and exercise Vigorous Walk and comparing the differences between elderly women who take part in regular exercises of these three sports and who do not,the study assesses the effectiveness these three kinds of exercise have on improving older women's balance ability,and it also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the effectiveness of the three.It provides a theoretical basis for the elderly to choose their own scientific fitness exercise to improve their balance ability.And it further enhances the ability of anti-aging older persons and enables the elderly to live longer and healthier so as to have a certain practical significance in creating a harmonious society.
There are 188 older people were tested by the human body static balance test system,which was produced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Branch.Before the test,they were issued a questionnaire.And finally based on the subjects of personnel constraints,as well as their physical condition as a result of the impact of failure to complete testing process,and removed to clean up staff who do not meet the conditions of 16,measured the effective number of 172,containing 47 people of Tai Chi Group,40 people of ballroom dance group,40 people of Vigorous Walk group, 45 people of non-exercise group.In this study,the Chinese Communists used:size envelope(Env Area),the focus waver long trajectory(Lng),trajectories are variance(V),energy loss(Eng),X direction of the trajectory length(Lngx),Y direction Track length(Lngy) 6 indicators as evaluation capacity of the human body static balance indicators.
Data obtained from the Statistical Package for SPSS11.5 after treatment,using independent samples't' test to draw the elderly female balance,age-related changes in the trend as well as take part in three types of regular sports and non-regular female participation in sports among the elderly balance capabilities;At the same time,one-way ANOVA of Post Hoc Comparison of parameters of inter-group differences assessed whether or not significant,significant level of P＜0.05,a very significant level of P＜0.01,analysis three types of exercise in improving balance in elderly women reduced ability to respect differences.Preliminary to draw the following conclusions:
1 Static balance ability of the body are rises with age and show a downward trend, non-exercise group of static balance ability decline with age faster rate.
2 Tai Chi can improve older women's ability to control the body's balance,the static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in tai chi group was almost the same as those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group,in the eye-closed position,the static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in tai chi group was even better than those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group;the static balance ability of the social dance group is superior to the static non-exercise group balance,the findings and previous studies are almost the same.The static balance ability of women over the age of 70 in ballroom dance group was almost the same as those women at 60-64 in non-exercise group; Vigorous Walk also can improve the static balance ability of the elderly female.The static balance ability of Women at the age of 65-69 in Vigorous Walk group has equilibrium ability with those women over 60-64 of non-exercise group.
3 As for improving the balance ability of elderly women,Tai Chi Chuan was better than the Vigorous Walk.But there's little difference between Tai Chi and ballroom dance in improving static balance ability of older women.For those elderly women who wants to improve there static balance ability,the study suggests that they'd better choose tai chi or ballroom dance.
4 There are significance differences between Tai chi group and Ballroom Dancing Group while taking the Romberg rate comparison.The results show that the visual system of the social dance group had more influence on the static balance than tai chi group,and thus can also be inferred,the effectiveness of body visual system of ballroom dance sport is superior to that of Tai Chi.It can also be inferred that the major route that the impact which the Ballroom Dancing has on elderly women's static balancing ability was realized mainly through the visual system.
引文
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