不同负重方式对成年人站立平衡影响的实验研究
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摘要
目的:对徒手静态直立以及三种不同负重方式的人体平衡各项指标进行测试,以探讨人体在不同的负重方式下各项平衡指标的变化规律,为各种与负重平衡有关的体育运动、日常劳动生产提供参考依据。方法:采用“人体重心位置动态检测系统”对山东师范大学体育学院的30名学生(男生15名,女生15名)进行平衡测试,实验分成四组(徒手组、提哑铃、扛哑铃、举哑铃),每组又分成双脚睁眼、双脚闭眼、单脚睁眼、单脚闭眼四种条件,因此每位受试者要完成4组×4次=16次。每次数据采集时间设定为30s,采样频率为100HZ,考虑到每次实验的起始和临近结束阶段人体的不稳定性,最后截取每次测试的第5s～25s为有效采样时间,并对这一时间段的各项平衡指标进行统计分析。结论:1.男女平衡指标差异比较:在双脚睁眼、双脚闭眼、单脚睁眼、单脚闭眼四种状态下,存在着男生Y方向的动摇轨迹长、动摇速度偏大,女生X方向的动摇轨迹长、动摇速度偏大的规律,但11项平衡指标经检验均无显著性差异。2.三种不同负重姿势对人体平衡指标的影响:(1)在双脚睁眼时,提哑铃的11项平衡指标中只有总动摇速度与徒手存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中提哑铃的总速度为1.78±0.18,徒手的总速度为1.9±0.12;扛哑铃的X右、X左、S与徒手存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中扛哑铃的X右为1.13±0.64,X左为1.02±0.49,S为1.75±0.78,徒手的X右为0.77±0.23,X左为0.7±0.27,S为1.2±0.57;举哑铃的11项平衡指标均与徒手存在显著性差异(P<0.01),举哑铃的平衡指标明显高于徒手的平衡指标。(2)双脚闭眼时,提哑铃的11项平衡指标与徒手组相比均无显著性差异;扛哑铃的X右、Y前、V、S与徒手组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中扛哑铃的X右为1.19±058,Y前为1.2±0.36,V为2.16±0.27,S为2.47±1.3,徒手的分别为0.8±034,0.94±0.25,2.13±0.26,1.57±0.98;举哑铃各项平衡指标与徒手存在显著性差异(P<0.01),且各项平衡指标一致高于徒手组。(3)单脚睁眼时,提哑铃X左为1.29±0.31,徒手组X左为1.55±0.38,二者呈显著性差异(P<0.05),提哑铃的Y前为1.58±0.42,徒手组Y前为2.02±0.4,二者差异非常显著(P<0.01);扛哑铃与徒手组各项平衡指标均无显著性差异;举哑铃除了X右、X左、Y前、Y后外,其他7项指标与徒手组存在显著性差异(P<0.01),且举哑铃指标明显大于徒手组。(4)单脚闭眼时,提哑铃X右为2.02±0.38,徒手组为2.52±0.7,提哑铃Y后为3.07±0.87,徒手组为4.4±2.21,两项指标均存在差异显著(P<0.05);扛哑铃与徒手组各项平衡指标均无显著性差异;举哑铃的X左、Ly、Vy、L、V、S与徒手组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且举哑铃高于徒手组。3.三种负重姿势矢状轴与冠状轴平衡指标的比较:(1)提哑铃和扛哑铃的前后偏移幅度与左右偏移幅度之差在四种条件下均小于徒手(2)提哑铃在双脚(睁眼及闭眼)站立时,矢状轴偏移幅度小于冠状轴,与徒手特点相反;扛哑铃除双脚睁眼时外,其他三种条件下与徒手特点相同均为矢状轴大于冠状轴;举哑铃的偏移幅度在四种条件下均与徒手所表现出来的矢状轴大于冠状轴这一特点一致。(3)在相同的条件下,提哑铃、扛哑铃、举哑铃的四个方向偏移幅度均表现为依次增大。(4)三种不同负重姿势的动摇轨迹长在双脚(睁眼及闭眼)站立时,表现为矢状轴大于冠状轴,与徒手特点一致;单脚睁眼时,表现为冠状轴大于矢状轴,与双脚站立时的特点相反,但与徒手特点依然一致;单脚闭眼时,提哑铃和扛哑铃表现为冠状轴大于矢状轴,与徒手特点一致,而举哑铃则与徒手特点相反。
Purpose: Carry a heavy load to the unarmed static erectness as well as three kinds under the way the human body to balance each target differently to carry on the test, discusses the human body in differently to carry a heavy load under the way each balanced target change rule, and carries a heavy load the balance related sports for each kind, the daily labor production provides the reference. Methods: Uses the national natural sciences fund subsidization project“the portable human body center-of-gravity position dynamic examination system”to the Shandong normal university sports institute's 30 student (male student 15, female student 15) carries on the balance test, the experiment divides into four groups (unarmed group, carries a heavy load posture 1, carries a heavy load posture 2, carries a heavy load posture 3), each group divides into the both feet to open eyes, the both feet closes one's eyes, Shan Jia opens eyes, Shan Jia closes one's eyes altogether 4 times, therefore each position must complete trying 4 group of×4 =16 times. Finally intercepts 5s~25s which each time tests is the sampling time, and carries on the statistical analysis to this time section each balanced target. Results: 1.The men and women balance the target difference comparison: Opens eyes, the both feet in the both feet closes one's eyes, Shan Jia opens eyes, Shan Jia closes one's eyes under four conditions, has the male student Y direction long the vacillation path, the vacillation speed is big, female student X direction vacillation path long, vacillation speed big rule, but 11 balanced targets do not have the significance difference after the examination.2.Three kinds carry a heavy load differently the posture to the human body balance target influence: (1) opens eyes when the both feet, carries a heavy load in the posture 1 11 balanced targets only then always to vacillate the speed and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load the posture 1 total speed for 1.78±0.18, unarmed total speed for 1.9±0.12; Carries a heavy load posture 2 X right, X left, S and unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load posture 2 X right for 1.13±0.64, X left for 1.02±0.49, S for 1.75±0.78, unarmed X right for 0.77±0.23, X left for 0.7±0.27, S for 1.2±0.57; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 11 balanced targets and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.01), carries a heavy load the posture 3 balanced targets to be higher than the unarmed balanced target obviously. (2) when both feet and closes one's eyes, carries a heavy load the posture 1 11 balanced targets and the unarmed group compares does not have the significance difference; Carries a heavy load posture 2 X right, in front of Y, V, S and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load posture 2 X right for 1.19±058, Y front for 1.2±0.36, V for 2.16±0.27, S for 2.47±1.3, unarmed respectively be 0.8±034,0.94±0.25,2.13±0.26,1.57±0.98; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 each balanced target and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.01), also each balanced target is higher than the unarmed group identically.When (3) Shan Jia opens eyes, carries a heavy load posture 1 X left for 1.29±0.31, the unarmed group X left for 1.55±0.38, the two assumes the significance difference (P<0.05), carries a heavy load in front of posture 1 Y for 1.58±0.42, in front of unarmed group Y for 2.02±0.4, the two difference is extremely remarkable (P<0.01); Carries a heavy load posture 2 not to have the significance difference with unarmed group each balanced target; Carries a heavy load posture 3 after X right, X left, Y in front of, Y outside, other 7 targets and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.01), also carries a heavy load the posture 3 targets to be bigger than the unarmed group obviously. When (4) Shan Jia closes one's eyes, carries a heavy load posture 1 X right for 2.02±0.38, the unarmed group for 2.52±0.7, after carries a heavy load posture 1 Y for 3.07±0.87, the unarmed group for 4.4±2.21, two targets has the difference obviously (P<0.05); Carries a heavy load posture 2 not to have the significance difference with unarmed group each balanced target; Carries a heavy load posture 3 X left, Ly, Vy, L, V, S and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.05), also carries a heavy load posture 3 to be higher than the unarmed group.3.Three kinds carry a heavy load the posture arrowy axis and the coronal axis balance target comparison: (1) carries a heavy load posture 1 and carries a heavy load posture 2 around to displace the scope to displace difference of the scope with about to be smaller than under four kind of conditions unarmed (2) carries a heavy load posture 1 (opens eyes when the both feet and closes one's eyes) stands, the arrowy axis displacement scope is smaller than the coronal axis, is opposite with the unarmed characteristic; Carries a heavy load posture 2 opens eyes besides the both feet when, under other three kind of conditions same is bigger than the coronal axis with the unarmed characteristic for the arrowy axis; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 displacement scopes with the arrowy axis which unarmed displays to be bigger than coronal axis this characteristic under four kind of conditions to be consistent.
Purpose: Carry a heavy load to the unarmed static erectness as well as three kinds under the way the human body to balance each target differently to carry on the test, discusses the human body in differently to carry a heavy load under the way each balanced target change rule, and carries a heavy load the balance related sports for each kind, the daily labor production provides the reference. Methods: Uses the national natural sciences fund subsidization project“the portable human body center-of-gravity position dynamic examination system”to the Shandong normal university sports institute's 30 student (male student 15, female student 15) carries on the balance test, the experiment divides into four groups (unarmed group, carries a heavy load posture 1, carries a heavy load posture 2, carries a heavy load posture 3), each group divides into the both feet to open eyes, the both feet closes one's eyes, Shan Jia opens eyes, Shan Jia closes one's eyes altogether 4 times, therefore each position must complete trying 4 group of×4 =16 times. Finally intercepts 5s~25s which each time tests is the sampling time, and carries on the statistical analysis to this time section each balanced target. Results: 1.The men and women balance the target difference comparison: Opens eyes, the both feet in the both feet closes one's eyes, Shan Jia opens eyes, Shan Jia closes one's eyes under four conditions, has the male student Y direction long the vacillation path, the vacillation speed is big, female student X direction vacillation path long, vacillation speed big rule, but 11 balanced targets do not have the significance difference after the examination.2.Three kinds carry a heavy load differently the posture to the human body balance target influence: (1) opens eyes when the both feet, carries a heavy load in the posture 1 11 balanced targets only then always to vacillate the speed and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load the posture 1 total speed for 1.78±0.18, unarmed total speed for 1.9±0.12; Carries a heavy load posture 2 X right, X left, S and unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load posture 2 X right for 1.13±0.64, X left for 1.02±0.49, S for 1.75±0.78, unarmed X right for 0.77±0.23, X left for 0.7±0.27, S for 1.2±0.57; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 11 balanced targets and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.01), carries a heavy load the posture 3 balanced targets to be higher than the unarmed balanced target obviously. (2) when both feet and closes one's eyes, carries a heavy load the posture 1 11 balanced targets and the unarmed group compares does not have the significance difference; Carries a heavy load posture 2 X right, in front of Y, V, S and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.05), in which carries a heavy load posture 2 X right for 1.19±058, Y front for 1.2±0.36, V for 2.16±0.27, S for 2.47±1.3, unarmed respectively be 0.8±034,0.94±0.25,2.13±0.26,1.57±0.98; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 each balanced target and the unarmed existence significance difference (P<0.01), also each balanced target is higher than the unarmed group identically.When (3) Shan Jia opens eyes, carries a heavy load posture 1 X left for 1.29±0.31, the unarmed group X left for 1.55±0.38, the two assumes the significance difference (P<0.05), carries a heavy load in front of posture 1 Y for 1.58±0.42, in front of unarmed group Y for 2.02±0.4, the two difference is extremely remarkable (P<0.01); Carries a heavy load posture 2 not to have the significance difference with unarmed group each balanced target; Carries a heavy load posture 3 after X right, X left, Y in front of, Y outside, other 7 targets and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.01), also carries a heavy load the posture 3 targets to be bigger than the unarmed group obviously. When (4) Shan Jia closes one's eyes, carries a heavy load posture 1 X right for 2.02±0.38, the unarmed group for 2.52±0.7, after carries a heavy load posture 1 Y for 3.07±0.87, the unarmed group for 4.4±2.21, two targets has the difference obviously (P<0.05); Carries a heavy load posture 2 not to have the significance difference with unarmed group each balanced target; Carries a heavy load posture 3 X left, Ly, Vy, L, V, S and the unarmed group have the significance difference (P<0.05), also carries a heavy load posture 3 to be higher than the unarmed group.3.Three kinds carry a heavy load the posture arrowy axis and the coronal axis balance target comparison: (1) carries a heavy load posture 1 and carries a heavy load posture 2 around to displace the scope to displace difference of the scope with about to be smaller than under four kind of conditions unarmed (2) carries a heavy load posture 1 (opens eyes when the both feet and closes one's eyes) stands, the arrowy axis displacement scope is smaller than the coronal axis, is opposite with the unarmed characteristic; Carries a heavy load posture 2 opens eyes besides the both feet when, under other three kind of conditions same is bigger than the coronal axis with the unarmed characteristic for the arrowy axis; Carries a heavy load the posture 3 displacement scopes with the arrowy axis which unarmed displays to be bigger than coronal axis this characteristic under four kind of conditions to be consistent.
引文
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