我国动物疫病净化长效机制的研究
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨如何建立我国动物疫病净化的长效机制,采用实地调研法、文献研究法、案例分析研究法、描述研究法、措施分析法和比较分析法的研究方法,首先从阐述我国畜牧业的快速发展的角度,表明净化动物疫病的难度加大；从阐述动物疫病净化概念的角度,明确动物疫病净化的实质；从阐述国内外净化动物疫病的成功经验,分析和讨论完善我国动物疫病净化措施的必要性和创新点。从而提出建立我国动物疫病净化长效机制的可行性途径是动物疫病净化结合区域化管理。
其次是我国动物疫病净化结合区域化管理的技术措施和保障措施研究,拟结合我国目前的无疫区建设成就,借鉴美国、哥伦比亚等国家的经验,分析和讨论无疫区的建设可促进我国动物疫病净化基础的建设,从而提出我国实施区域化管理是净化动物疫病的先行步骤,可为净化动物疫病的成功提供保障。
此外,本研究还通过调查研究和资料查询的方式归纳总结国内外的动物疫病净化措施,包括销毁和复育法(如区域化全进全出制和空栏期法)、种群封闭法(如生物安全管理法、清洁和消毒法、SPF管理技术)、检测和清除法(也称监测淘汰法)、药物治疗法、营养补充法、疫苗免疫法、直接病毒暴露法、后代隔离法。
最后是根据动物疫病根除方案、区域化管理措施以及种畜禽管理措施等,总结得出垂直净化和水平净化的创新思路,指出垂直净化是重要技术手段,水平净化是行政手段。建议我国积极开展SPF化繁殖体系建设,并首选在无规定动物疫病区内建设,通过SPF化垂直引种机制,从源头净化动物疫病。在区域垂直净化的基础上停止免疫,再结合水平净化的区域化管理模式,在非免疫无疫区周围进行扩展延伸,做到集中连片,最终实现由点到面的全国范围内的动物疫病净化无疫的目标。
This study aimed at investigating how to establish the long-term cleanup mechanism of China's animal infected disease, and the research methods used in this study include field research method, literature research method, case study research method, descriptive research method, measures analysis method and comparative analysis method. At first, the quick animal husbandry development was elaborated that it could increase animal infected diseases. cleanup difficulties; and the definition of animal infected diseases'cleanup was elaborated to clarify its essence; and the international and foreign success experiences were elaborated to analysis and discuss the necessary and innovation points on improving the cleanup measures of China's animal infected diseases. So the cleanup measures combined with zoning and compartmentalization is the feasible way of establishing the long-term cleanup mechanism of china's animal infected diseases.
Second, technical measures and safeguard measures of cleanup associated with zoning and compartmentalization were summarized taking into account of free zone achievements and United States, Colombia and other countries' experiences. Free zone building promoting the improvement of cleanup background was analysed and discussed. So zoning and compartmentalization the safeguard of success in animal infected diseases cleanup should be the first step of it.
In addition, this study summarized the domestic and foreign animal infected disease leanup measures by research and data query, including depopulation-and-repopulation such as regionalization of all in all out system and the empty fields), herd closure method (such as bio-security management, cleaning and disinfection, SPF management echniques), test-and-removal, medication programs, nutritional supplementation, vaccination, direct virus exposure method and offspring segregation method.
Finally, the innovation ideas of vertical and horizontal cleanup measures comes out th eradication programs, zoning and compartmentalization, animal breeding anagement and so on. And vertical cleanup measures were important technical methods, and horizontal cleanup measures were administrative means. So the breeding system of SPF animal should be recommended in China, which preferred to build in free zones, to cleanup animal infected diseases from the source of breeding by SPF vertical introduction. Then expending the scope of SPF breeding system to contiguous focus, and ultimately to achieve animal disease cleanup goals from the point to a plane across the country.
其次是我国动物疫病净化结合区域化管理的技术措施和保障措施研究,拟结合我国目前的无疫区建设成就,借鉴美国、哥伦比亚等国家的经验,分析和讨论无疫区的建设可促进我国动物疫病净化基础的建设,从而提出我国实施区域化管理是净化动物疫病的先行步骤,可为净化动物疫病的成功提供保障。
此外,本研究还通过调查研究和资料查询的方式归纳总结国内外的动物疫病净化措施,包括销毁和复育法(如区域化全进全出制和空栏期法)、种群封闭法(如生物安全管理法、清洁和消毒法、SPF管理技术)、检测和清除法(也称监测淘汰法)、药物治疗法、营养补充法、疫苗免疫法、直接病毒暴露法、后代隔离法。
最后是根据动物疫病根除方案、区域化管理措施以及种畜禽管理措施等,总结得出垂直净化和水平净化的创新思路,指出垂直净化是重要技术手段,水平净化是行政手段。建议我国积极开展SPF化繁殖体系建设,并首选在无规定动物疫病区内建设,通过SPF化垂直引种机制,从源头净化动物疫病。在区域垂直净化的基础上停止免疫,再结合水平净化的区域化管理模式,在非免疫无疫区周围进行扩展延伸,做到集中连片,最终实现由点到面的全国范围内的动物疫病净化无疫的目标。
This study aimed at investigating how to establish the long-term cleanup mechanism of China's animal infected disease, and the research methods used in this study include field research method, literature research method, case study research method, descriptive research method, measures analysis method and comparative analysis method. At first, the quick animal husbandry development was elaborated that it could increase animal infected diseases. cleanup difficulties; and the definition of animal infected diseases'cleanup was elaborated to clarify its essence; and the international and foreign success experiences were elaborated to analysis and discuss the necessary and innovation points on improving the cleanup measures of China's animal infected diseases. So the cleanup measures combined with zoning and compartmentalization is the feasible way of establishing the long-term cleanup mechanism of china's animal infected diseases.
Second, technical measures and safeguard measures of cleanup associated with zoning and compartmentalization were summarized taking into account of free zone achievements and United States, Colombia and other countries' experiences. Free zone building promoting the improvement of cleanup background was analysed and discussed. So zoning and compartmentalization the safeguard of success in animal infected diseases cleanup should be the first step of it.
In addition, this study summarized the domestic and foreign animal infected disease leanup measures by research and data query, including depopulation-and-repopulation such as regionalization of all in all out system and the empty fields), herd closure method (such as bio-security management, cleaning and disinfection, SPF management echniques), test-and-removal, medication programs, nutritional supplementation, vaccination, direct virus exposure method and offspring segregation method.
Finally, the innovation ideas of vertical and horizontal cleanup measures comes out th eradication programs, zoning and compartmentalization, animal breeding anagement and so on. And vertical cleanup measures were important technical methods, and horizontal cleanup measures were administrative means. So the breeding system of SPF animal should be recommended in China, which preferred to build in free zones, to cleanup animal infected diseases from the source of breeding by SPF vertical introduction. Then expending the scope of SPF breeding system to contiguous focus, and ultimately to achieve animal disease cleanup goals from the point to a plane across the country.
引文
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