动臂塔式起重机防后倾装置的研究
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摘要
大型动臂塔式起重机广泛应用于建筑施工中,特别是在高层建筑施工中,其幅度利用率比其他类型起重机高。大型动臂塔式起重机在较小工作幅度突然卸载时,由于变幅拉板的弹性作用力,若无可靠的防后倾装置保护,容易导致臂架后倾,甚至整机倾翻的危险事故。因此,对防后倾装置设计的研究具有重要意义。
本文以1600t·m超大型动臂塔式起重机作为研究对象,采用虚拟样机技术对大型动臂塔式起重机防后倾装置进行研究,主要完成的内容：
(1)应用Ansys有限元软件建立臂架、人字架、塔身的柔性体模型,应用Pro/E三维造型软件建立回转支座和平衡臂的刚性体模型,应用ADAMS软件建立变幅拉板和防后倾装置,最后,在ADAMS软件中组装成完整的虚拟样机模型。
(2)对按照经验设计的防后倾装置进行仿真,分析防后倾装置作用的效果。选择78m臂长模型作为分析对象,并分析整机动态性能。
(3)研究主要参数的改变,如防后倾弹簧的刚度、防后倾装置铰点的位置,对臂架后倾效果影响的规律,找到防后倾效果最好的参数组合,并和按照经验设计的防后倾装置的防后倾效果进行对比分析,为防后倾装置的设计提供参考。
Huge luffing jib tower crane is widely used in the building construction, Especially in the high-rise building construction, its utilization of the amplitude is higher than other types of cranes. Under the conditions of the minimum operating range, the tower crane suddenly unload, due to the elastic force of luffing pull plate, without the protect of the dependable anti-backward device, it will easily lead to the boom suddenly backward, and even lead to the dangerous accident of machine backward. Therefore, there is important meaning to research the design of the anti-backward device.
In this thesis, the1600t·m huge moving arm tower crane is taken as the research object, research the anti-backward device of huge luffing jib tower crane based on virtual prototype technology. The mainly study of this paper as following:
(1) The finite element model of the boom, Renzijia and tower are established using ANSYS software, the rigid body model of the rotary bearings and balance arm are established using Pro/E3-D modeling software. ADAMS software create the luffing pull plate and anti-backward device. Finally, all components are assembled into a complete virtual prototype model in ADAMS.
(2) Make simulation for the anti-backward device designed by experience and analyze the effect of the anti-backward device. Select the78m boom as the object of the research, and analyze dynamic performance of the machine.
(3) Study on the impact of the changes of the main parameters on the effect of the anti-backward, such as the stiffness of anti-backward spring, the location of the anti-backward device hinge point, find the best combination of parameters of the impact of anti-backward, and compared with the anti-backward device designed by experience, provide reference for the design of the anti-backward device.
本文以1600t·m超大型动臂塔式起重机作为研究对象,采用虚拟样机技术对大型动臂塔式起重机防后倾装置进行研究,主要完成的内容：
(1)应用Ansys有限元软件建立臂架、人字架、塔身的柔性体模型,应用Pro/E三维造型软件建立回转支座和平衡臂的刚性体模型,应用ADAMS软件建立变幅拉板和防后倾装置,最后,在ADAMS软件中组装成完整的虚拟样机模型。
(2)对按照经验设计的防后倾装置进行仿真,分析防后倾装置作用的效果。选择78m臂长模型作为分析对象,并分析整机动态性能。
(3)研究主要参数的改变,如防后倾弹簧的刚度、防后倾装置铰点的位置,对臂架后倾效果影响的规律,找到防后倾效果最好的参数组合,并和按照经验设计的防后倾装置的防后倾效果进行对比分析,为防后倾装置的设计提供参考。
Huge luffing jib tower crane is widely used in the building construction, Especially in the high-rise building construction, its utilization of the amplitude is higher than other types of cranes. Under the conditions of the minimum operating range, the tower crane suddenly unload, due to the elastic force of luffing pull plate, without the protect of the dependable anti-backward device, it will easily lead to the boom suddenly backward, and even lead to the dangerous accident of machine backward. Therefore, there is important meaning to research the design of the anti-backward device.
In this thesis, the1600t·m huge moving arm tower crane is taken as the research object, research the anti-backward device of huge luffing jib tower crane based on virtual prototype technology. The mainly study of this paper as following:
(1) The finite element model of the boom, Renzijia and tower are established using ANSYS software, the rigid body model of the rotary bearings and balance arm are established using Pro/E3-D modeling software. ADAMS software create the luffing pull plate and anti-backward device. Finally, all components are assembled into a complete virtual prototype model in ADAMS.
(2) Make simulation for the anti-backward device designed by experience and analyze the effect of the anti-backward device. Select the78m boom as the object of the research, and analyze dynamic performance of the machine.
(3) Study on the impact of the changes of the main parameters on the effect of the anti-backward, such as the stiffness of anti-backward spring, the location of the anti-backward device hinge point, find the best combination of parameters of the impact of anti-backward, and compared with the anti-backward device designed by experience, provide reference for the design of the anti-backward device.
引文
[1]乔为禹.大型履带起重机臂架防后倾系统仿真[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2008.
[2]王永新,李鹏举.动臂塔机防后倾装置的分析与应用[J].建筑机械化,2011,(03)：33-36.
[3]王剑华.柔性拉索单臂架起重机臂架防后倾分析[J].工业安全与环保,2003,29(4)：22-23.
[4]宋院归.履带起重机油气式防后倾装置仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2009.
[5]王欣,宋院归,高顺德.油气防后倾缸数学模型和仿真[J].中国工程机械学报,2009,(12)：441-444.
[6]屈福政,刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[J].起重运输机械,2005,(12)：40-43.
[7]刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2005.
[8]陈德民,槐创锋,张克涛等.精通ADAMS2005/2007虚拟样机技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010.
[9]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等。ADAMS实例教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[10]黄浩东,陈宗基.虚拟原型技术及控制工程中的虚拟原型机[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1999,25(3)：284-287.
[11]郝云堂,金烨,季辉.虚拟样机技术及其在ADMAS中的实践[J].机械设计与制造,2003(3)：16-18.
[12]李瑞涛,方湄,张文明,彭龙洲.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].金属矿山,2000,(7)：38-40.
[13]张越今,宋健.多体动力学仿真软件ADMAS理论及应用研讨[J].机械科学与技术,1997,16(5)：753-758.
[14]陈立平,张云清,任卫群等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程.北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[15]张青,张瑞军,工程起重机结构与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.7.
[16]张朝晖主编,ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.1.
[17]赵希芳ADAMS中的柔性体分析研究[J].电子机械工程,2006：62-64.
[18]张江宏,精通Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0典型实例、专业精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.10.
[19]王欣,杜汉平,滕儒民.基于刚-柔耦合的履带起重机虚拟样机建模技术[J].中国工程机械学报,2007,(01)：26-31.
[20]周炜,易建军,郑建荣ADAMS软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法[J].现代制造工程,2004,(5)：38-39.
[21]谢高兰,基于虚拟样机技术的强夯机动态性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2011.
[22]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D].硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,2007.
[23]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T3811—2008起重机设计规范[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2008
[24]Ryken, Michael J, Vance. Judy M. Applying virtual reality techniques to the interactive stress analysis of a tractor lift arm [J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2000,35 (2):141-155.
[25]USA Mechanical Dynamics, inc. Basic ADAMS Full Simulation Package Training Guide Version [M].2000.10
[26]Xiao Xia Zhang, Chang Sheng Sun, Jian Heng Zhu, et al. Finite Element Analysis on Flexible attachments of luffing jib Tower Crane [J]. Advanced Materials Research,2010,118-120:512-516.
[27]Meng Xian Yi. research and application of virtual reality and simulation techniques corporately to tower crane[C].IMECE2009, November13-19, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA,201-204.
[28]Stelios Krinidis, loannis Pitas. Fast free-vibration model analysis of 2-D physics-based deformable objects. IEEE transactions on image processing, 2005,14(3):281-293.
[29]Bernard Ross, Brian McDonald S E, Vijay Saraf. Big blue goes down, the miller park crane accidents[J]. Engineering failure analysis,2007:942-961.
[30]Guangfu Sun, Jie Liu. dynamic responses of hydraulic crane during luffing Motion[J]. Mechanism and machine theory.2006:1273-1288.
[31]Sun Guangfu, Kleeberger Michael. Dynamic responses of hydraulic mobile crane with consideration of the drive system. Mechanism and machine theory.2002(12):1489-1580.
[2]王永新,李鹏举.动臂塔机防后倾装置的分析与应用[J].建筑机械化,2011,(03)：33-36.
[3]王剑华.柔性拉索单臂架起重机臂架防后倾分析[J].工业安全与环保,2003,29(4)：22-23.
[4]宋院归.履带起重机油气式防后倾装置仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2009.
[5]王欣,宋院归,高顺德.油气防后倾缸数学模型和仿真[J].中国工程机械学报,2009,(12)：441-444.
[6]屈福政,刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[J].起重运输机械,2005,(12)：40-43.
[7]刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2005.
[8]陈德民,槐创锋,张克涛等.精通ADAMS2005/2007虚拟样机技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010.
[9]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等。ADAMS实例教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[10]黄浩东,陈宗基.虚拟原型技术及控制工程中的虚拟原型机[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1999,25(3)：284-287.
[11]郝云堂,金烨,季辉.虚拟样机技术及其在ADMAS中的实践[J].机械设计与制造,2003(3)：16-18.
[12]李瑞涛,方湄,张文明,彭龙洲.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用[J].金属矿山,2000,(7)：38-40.
[13]张越今,宋健.多体动力学仿真软件ADMAS理论及应用研讨[J].机械科学与技术,1997,16(5)：753-758.
[14]陈立平,张云清,任卫群等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程.北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[15]张青,张瑞军,工程起重机结构与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.7.
[16]张朝晖主编,ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.1.
[17]赵希芳ADAMS中的柔性体分析研究[J].电子机械工程,2006：62-64.
[18]张江宏,精通Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0典型实例、专业精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.10.
[19]王欣,杜汉平,滕儒民.基于刚-柔耦合的履带起重机虚拟样机建模技术[J].中国工程机械学报,2007,(01)：26-31.
[20]周炜,易建军,郑建荣ADAMS软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法[J].现代制造工程,2004,(5)：38-39.
[21]谢高兰,基于虚拟样机技术的强夯机动态性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学机械工程学院,2011.
[22]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D].硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,2007.
[23]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T3811—2008起重机设计规范[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2008
[24]Ryken, Michael J, Vance. Judy M. Applying virtual reality techniques to the interactive stress analysis of a tractor lift arm [J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2000,35 (2):141-155.
[25]USA Mechanical Dynamics, inc. Basic ADAMS Full Simulation Package Training Guide Version [M].2000.10
[26]Xiao Xia Zhang, Chang Sheng Sun, Jian Heng Zhu, et al. Finite Element Analysis on Flexible attachments of luffing jib Tower Crane [J]. Advanced Materials Research,2010,118-120:512-516.
[27]Meng Xian Yi. research and application of virtual reality and simulation techniques corporately to tower crane[C].IMECE2009, November13-19, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA,201-204.
[28]Stelios Krinidis, loannis Pitas. Fast free-vibration model analysis of 2-D physics-based deformable objects. IEEE transactions on image processing, 2005,14(3):281-293.
[29]Bernard Ross, Brian McDonald S E, Vijay Saraf. Big blue goes down, the miller park crane accidents[J]. Engineering failure analysis,2007:942-961.
[30]Guangfu Sun, Jie Liu. dynamic responses of hydraulic crane during luffing Motion[J]. Mechanism and machine theory.2006:1273-1288.
[31]Sun Guangfu, Kleeberger Michael. Dynamic responses of hydraulic mobile crane with consideration of the drive system. Mechanism and machine theory.2002(12):1489-1580.