转台CAD/CAE集成化设计系统的研究与开发
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摘要
近年来,大型动臂塔式起重机在超高层建筑以及火电建设中得到了广泛的应用。然而在动臂塔式起重机的设计上,国内绝大多数厂家仍然采用传统的CAD与CAE相分离的设计方法,不仅设计效率极其低下而且无法保证产品的设计质量。针对这一现状,本文主要开展了以下的工作：
(1)通过对几种CAD/CAE集成方法进行对比,指出现有集成方法存在了无法实现CAD/CAE一致性和协调性、不具备通用性、没有实现CAD/CAE的特征关联等共性问题。然后在此基础上加以改进,将产品的整个设计周期中的CAD/CAE统一起来,实现了CAD/CAE模型的一致性和协调性。
(2)提出了广义特征模型的概念,即一种包含CAD几何特征、CAE网格属性、载荷以及约束等广义特征的集成化、参数化的可重用模型。并综合运用知识融合、同步建模等技术,将广义特征模型的概念应用到动臂塔式起重机铰耳支座设计上,使其成为具备CAD/CAE双向可重用性的集成化模型,在后续设计中设计人员既可以调用CAD模型进行CAD模型装配,又可以调用对应的CAE模型进行分析,从而提高了设计效率。
(3)结合与徐州重型机械有限公司合作的XGTL1600动臂塔式起重机的项目经验,对大型动臂塔式起重机转台的结构特点和设计要点进行了阐述。并在在Simens NX8.0软件平台上,按照CAD/CAE集成化的设计思路,开发了大型动臂塔式起重机转台的快速化设计系统,实现了大型动臂塔式起重机转台CAD模型的快速化建立和CAE的快速化验证,从而缩短产品的开发周期,提高产品的设计质量和市场竞争力。
In recent years, large luffing jib tower crane is widely available in superhigh-rise building and thermal power construction. But in the design methodology of luffing jib tower crane, most domestic enterprises still use of the traditional design method of CAD/CAE-separated, which has contributed to low efficiency and design quality. Under this situation, the main jobs of this thesis are as followed:
(1) By analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages between several traditional CAD/CAE-integrated methods, the common problems of them are being pointed out:do not achieve the consistency and coordination of CAD/CAE, do not have commonality, do not achieve the feature association of CAD/CAE, and forms an improved CAD/CAE-integrated method on the basis, which unify CAD/CAE model on the design cycle of products and achieve the consistency and coordination of CAD/CAE.
(2) Putting forward the concept of generalized-feature model, which means an integrated, parameterized and general-purposed part which contains generalized feature such as CAD geometrical characteristic, CAE grid properties and load constraints. By the comprehensive application of Knowledge Fusion, Synchronous Modeling and so on, this article try to make it apply in the design of tumbler bearing, which causes it to be a CAD/CAE-bidirectional reusability general-purposed part, and in the subsequent design, designers can either use the CAD model for assembly or the finite element model for analysis, which improve the design efficiency.
(3) Combining with the project experience of XGTL1600luffing jib tower crane which cooperates with Xuzhou heavy machinery Co, LTD, the structural features and design points of turntable of large luffing jib tower crane are being introduced in detail. According to the method of CAD/CAE-integrated, author developed the quickly design program of large luffing jib tower crane on the software platform of Simens NX8.0. It achieved the quickly set-up of CAD model and the quickly-validation of CAE, consequently shorten product development cycle and improve the market competitiveness of product.
(1)通过对几种CAD/CAE集成方法进行对比,指出现有集成方法存在了无法实现CAD/CAE一致性和协调性、不具备通用性、没有实现CAD/CAE的特征关联等共性问题。然后在此基础上加以改进,将产品的整个设计周期中的CAD/CAE统一起来,实现了CAD/CAE模型的一致性和协调性。
(2)提出了广义特征模型的概念,即一种包含CAD几何特征、CAE网格属性、载荷以及约束等广义特征的集成化、参数化的可重用模型。并综合运用知识融合、同步建模等技术,将广义特征模型的概念应用到动臂塔式起重机铰耳支座设计上,使其成为具备CAD/CAE双向可重用性的集成化模型,在后续设计中设计人员既可以调用CAD模型进行CAD模型装配,又可以调用对应的CAE模型进行分析,从而提高了设计效率。
(3)结合与徐州重型机械有限公司合作的XGTL1600动臂塔式起重机的项目经验,对大型动臂塔式起重机转台的结构特点和设计要点进行了阐述。并在在Simens NX8.0软件平台上,按照CAD/CAE集成化的设计思路,开发了大型动臂塔式起重机转台的快速化设计系统,实现了大型动臂塔式起重机转台CAD模型的快速化建立和CAE的快速化验证,从而缩短产品的开发周期,提高产品的设计质量和市场竞争力。
In recent years, large luffing jib tower crane is widely available in superhigh-rise building and thermal power construction. But in the design methodology of luffing jib tower crane, most domestic enterprises still use of the traditional design method of CAD/CAE-separated, which has contributed to low efficiency and design quality. Under this situation, the main jobs of this thesis are as followed:
(1) By analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages between several traditional CAD/CAE-integrated methods, the common problems of them are being pointed out:do not achieve the consistency and coordination of CAD/CAE, do not have commonality, do not achieve the feature association of CAD/CAE, and forms an improved CAD/CAE-integrated method on the basis, which unify CAD/CAE model on the design cycle of products and achieve the consistency and coordination of CAD/CAE.
(2) Putting forward the concept of generalized-feature model, which means an integrated, parameterized and general-purposed part which contains generalized feature such as CAD geometrical characteristic, CAE grid properties and load constraints. By the comprehensive application of Knowledge Fusion, Synchronous Modeling and so on, this article try to make it apply in the design of tumbler bearing, which causes it to be a CAD/CAE-bidirectional reusability general-purposed part, and in the subsequent design, designers can either use the CAD model for assembly or the finite element model for analysis, which improve the design efficiency.
(3) Combining with the project experience of XGTL1600luffing jib tower crane which cooperates with Xuzhou heavy machinery Co, LTD, the structural features and design points of turntable of large luffing jib tower crane are being introduced in detail. According to the method of CAD/CAE-integrated, author developed the quickly design program of large luffing jib tower crane on the software platform of Simens NX8.0. It achieved the quickly set-up of CAD model and the quickly-validation of CAE, consequently shorten product development cycle and improve the market competitiveness of product.
引文
[1]林贵瑜,史勇.动臂塔式起重机及其发展趋势[J].建筑机械化,2007(12)：22-24.
[2]潘志毅.基于特征联系的CAD快速建模[D].南京：南京航空航天大学.2005.
[3]谢世坤,黄菊花,杨国泰CAD/CAE集成中的有限元模型转换之研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(5)：428-431.
[4]Simens PLM SoftWare计算机辅助工程(CAE)[EB/OL].www.plm.autmation.siemens. com/lzh_cn/products/nx/simulation/index.shtml,2012-4-20.
[5]李学文,陈万吉.CAD造型技术发展历程及其特点[J].机械工程与自动化,2011,12：196-197
[6]冉险生,林立.产品设计中同步建模技术与传统建模技术的对比分析[J].制造技术与机床,2010，6：69-71
[7]吴浩,曹岩,白嵎.同步建模技术在零件特征识别中的应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2011,1：99-100.
[8]李化川.基于UG的三维CAD同步建模技术研究[J].制造信息化,2010,4：102-104.
[9]朱旭.同步建模给我们带来了什么[J].技术专题,2008,8：38-43.
[10]洪如瑾,王忠瑜UG NX6 CAD进阶培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[11]温莉娜,王雷刚等.基于UG/WAVE技术的自顶向下产品建模[J].模具技术,2006,6：49-52.
[12]鲍仲辅.利用WAVE和变量化技术实现模型装配参数化的研究[J].现代制造工程,2008：118-120
[13]王学军.基于UG WAVE的产品设计技术研究与应用[D].昆明：昆明理工大学,2004.
[14]沈兵.基于NX的客车骨架分析及优化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011
[15]朱文华,杜素芬.知识融合程序设计与应用[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[16]朱恒山,艾志远,邓家媞.CAD与CAD集成的研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2002,9：22-25
[17]A CAD-CAE integration approach using feture-based muti-resolution and multi-abstraction modeling techniques[D]. San Hun Lee, South Korea:Kookmin University,2004.
[18]陈明,邓矢斧.周来水基于CATIA平台的CAD/CAE集成[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,7：1078-1081.
[19]Entitled multidisciplinary design and optimization methodology for the aircraft conceptual design [D]. Liaquat Ullah lqbal, America:Purdue University,2009.
[20]李晟浩,仲梁维.金属结构CAD/CAE一体化设计平台的研究[J].港工技术,2012,2：24-27.
[21]Vehosky, David Alan, Ph. D.A investigation of factors that influence decisions by engineering firms concerning adoption of cad/cae systems[D]. America:Lehigh University,1992
[22]姚立民.而向广域网络的桥式起重机参数化CAD/CAE一体化系统研究与应用[D].太原：中北大学,2011.
[23]Diego Romano Tamburini. The Analyzable Product Model Representation to Support Design-Analysis Integration [D]. America:Gergia Institute of Technology,1999.
[24]Mavrogenis A CAD to FEM interface towards pattern recongnition and automatic simplification of forms[C]. Proc. Int Conf. STRUCOME, Pairs,1991:371-382.
[25]Hong-seok, xuan-Phuong Dang. Structural optimization based on CAD_CAE integration and metamodeling techniques[D].south Korea:University of Uiasan,2010.
[26]梁纲.UG NX国标化环境的研究与实现[D].上海：上海交通大学.2007.
[27]朱崇高,谢福俊UGNX CAE基础与实践应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010。
[28]Ganesh Prakash Gujarathi. Enhanced Design Process with CAD/CAE Integration and Smart Knowledge Capturing Method[D]. Canada:University of Alberta,2011.
[29]梅琨.动臂塔式起重机若干设计问题的探讨[J].建筑机械,2009,10：74-79.
[30]张青,张瑞军.工程起重机结构与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版,2008.
[31]徐格宁.起重运输机金属结构设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1995.
[32]黄翔,李迎光,UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]张峰NX Nastran基础分析指南[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[2]潘志毅.基于特征联系的CAD快速建模[D].南京：南京航空航天大学.2005.
[3]谢世坤,黄菊花,杨国泰CAD/CAE集成中的有限元模型转换之研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(5)：428-431.
[4]Simens PLM SoftWare计算机辅助工程(CAE)[EB/OL].www.plm.autmation.siemens. com/lzh_cn/products/nx/simulation/index.shtml,2012-4-20.
[5]李学文,陈万吉.CAD造型技术发展历程及其特点[J].机械工程与自动化,2011,12：196-197
[6]冉险生,林立.产品设计中同步建模技术与传统建模技术的对比分析[J].制造技术与机床,2010，6：69-71
[7]吴浩,曹岩,白嵎.同步建模技术在零件特征识别中的应用[J].机电产品开发与创新,2011,1：99-100.
[8]李化川.基于UG的三维CAD同步建模技术研究[J].制造信息化,2010,4：102-104.
[9]朱旭.同步建模给我们带来了什么[J].技术专题,2008,8：38-43.
[10]洪如瑾,王忠瑜UG NX6 CAD进阶培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[11]温莉娜,王雷刚等.基于UG/WAVE技术的自顶向下产品建模[J].模具技术,2006,6：49-52.
[12]鲍仲辅.利用WAVE和变量化技术实现模型装配参数化的研究[J].现代制造工程,2008：118-120
[13]王学军.基于UG WAVE的产品设计技术研究与应用[D].昆明：昆明理工大学,2004.
[14]沈兵.基于NX的客车骨架分析及优化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011
[15]朱文华,杜素芬.知识融合程序设计与应用[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[16]朱恒山,艾志远,邓家媞.CAD与CAD集成的研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2002,9：22-25
[17]A CAD-CAE integration approach using feture-based muti-resolution and multi-abstraction modeling techniques[D]. San Hun Lee, South Korea:Kookmin University,2004.
[18]陈明,邓矢斧.周来水基于CATIA平台的CAD/CAE集成[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,7：1078-1081.
[19]Entitled multidisciplinary design and optimization methodology for the aircraft conceptual design [D]. Liaquat Ullah lqbal, America:Purdue University,2009.
[20]李晟浩,仲梁维.金属结构CAD/CAE一体化设计平台的研究[J].港工技术,2012,2：24-27.
[21]Vehosky, David Alan, Ph. D.A investigation of factors that influence decisions by engineering firms concerning adoption of cad/cae systems[D]. America:Lehigh University,1992
[22]姚立民.而向广域网络的桥式起重机参数化CAD/CAE一体化系统研究与应用[D].太原：中北大学,2011.
[23]Diego Romano Tamburini. The Analyzable Product Model Representation to Support Design-Analysis Integration [D]. America:Gergia Institute of Technology,1999.
[24]Mavrogenis A CAD to FEM interface towards pattern recongnition and automatic simplification of forms[C]. Proc. Int Conf. STRUCOME, Pairs,1991:371-382.
[25]Hong-seok, xuan-Phuong Dang. Structural optimization based on CAD_CAE integration and metamodeling techniques[D].south Korea:University of Uiasan,2010.
[26]梁纲.UG NX国标化环境的研究与实现[D].上海：上海交通大学.2007.
[27]朱崇高,谢福俊UGNX CAE基础与实践应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010。
[28]Ganesh Prakash Gujarathi. Enhanced Design Process with CAD/CAE Integration and Smart Knowledge Capturing Method[D]. Canada:University of Alberta,2011.
[29]梅琨.动臂塔式起重机若干设计问题的探讨[J].建筑机械,2009,10：74-79.
[30]张青,张瑞军.工程起重机结构与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版,2008.
[31]徐格宁.起重运输机金属结构设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1995.
[32]黄翔,李迎光,UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]张峰NX Nastran基础分析指南[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.