声波测井径向探测深度及影响因素研究
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摘要
声波测井是一种重要的测井方法。在油田勘探和开发、工程物探等许多领域有广泛的应用。以往人们用几何声学的概念分析声波测井,而实际声波测井所采用的声波频率比较低,波长井径接近,几何声学的条件不满足,人们便开始用波动声学的方法研究声波测井。
     本文用实轴积分法研究了柱状多层模型中声波的传播规律。分别计算了井外有两层、三层介质时井内声波传播的二维谱,绘制了时差随频率的变化曲线。改变地层界面位置,时差随频率的变化曲线发生改变,不论两层还是三层模型,这些变化均比较明显。根据这些曲线的变化,简单分析了声波测井的探测深度。
     建立地层时差的变化模型,采用井外有七个地层,地层参数渐变—突变—渐变的方式,模拟实际地层,绘制了当突变地层的位置不断变化时的二维谱图及时差随频率变化曲线。据此分析了模式波随突变地层位置的变化关系。此外,绘制声波幅度图,分析声波幅度随源距以及径向深度的变化,说明了径向探测深度声波幅度间的关系。
     设计了模型井实验,将实验结果理论计算进行了对比,验证了理论计算的正确性,并分析了两者存在的差别。并用测井资料的八个波形,得到了五条时差曲线,曲线不重合,说明了源距对探测深度的影响。并将其他因素对声波探测深度的影响进行了总结。
Sonic logging is an important logging method.There is a wide range of applications in the oil field exploration and development, geophysical prospecting and many other areas.In the past,geometry acoustics was used to analyze sonic logging,but ,in practice, the frequency of sound waves used in logging is relatively low,therefore, the actual logging waves can not be completely explained by the geometric acoustics.Now people research it with wave acoustics method.
     In this paper,radial investigation depth of acoustic logging is researched with the well that is surrounded by the cylindrical multi-layer media.Theories about radial investigation depth of acoustic logging is analyzed.The sound field equation is solved using the real axis integration method.After the simulation of the well surrounded by two and three stratums,the two-dimensional spectrum is calculated while the curve of wave slowness changes with the frequency is drawn.From these curves we can see that,the greater depth of acoustic logging can be detected as the Velocity of the stratum outside of the well increases.
     A model was established like that,there are seven stratums with the slowness changes as that:slowness changes gradually for the first stratums, then a sudden larger change in one stratum, change gradually again for The remaining stratums.From these research,we find that,as the larger change stratum goes further away from the well, the distance between the various modes of wave increases, the role of single-mode waves becomes apparent. From the reseach,we also find that as the source distance Increasing Appropriately, radial investigation depth increases.
     The correctness of the theoretical calculation is verified by the comparation between theoretical calculations and results of the experiment. The impact of the source distance on the radial investigation depth is displayed by the differences of the five curves drawn from eight logging waveforms. The impact of other factors on the depth is summarized: radial investigation depth of p-wave is larger than that of s-wave; the frequency is reduced appropriately,or there are more stratum layers,the radial investigation depth will be also larger.
引文
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