新疆兵团中小企业竞争力研究
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摘要
随着我国社会主义市场经济的不断推进,我国企业正面临着日益激烈的市场竞争,企业竞争力对企业的生存和发展具有决定性的意义,如何提升企业竞争力成为我国目前企业所面临的现实问题。企业迫切需要把握决定企业竞争力的关键因素,了解自身的定位,识别自身的优势劣势,从而制定相应的竞争和发展战略,以提升企业竞争力,获得持久竞争优势。
近年来,国家高度关注中小企业的发展,并相应给予了大量的政策和资金扶持中小企业。兵团中小企业历经多年发展,整体上已形成了较大的规模,而且发展势头不错,对兵团经济的发展做出了很大的贡献。尽管兵团中小企业的竞争力有很大的提高,但总体来说仍然相对薄弱,面临着国外企业和国内其它地区企业的激烈竞争,兵团中小企业要生存和发展下去,就必须要不断地提升自己的竞争力水平。因此,对兵团中小企业竞争力进行深入而系统的研究,对于政府决策、中小企业提升自身竞争力具有重要的现实意义。
本文在翻阅了大量企业竞争力、企业竞争力评价理论的文献基础上,借鉴经济学的理论和相关方法,首先界定了兵团中小企业和中小企业竞争力的定义,分析了兵团中小企业的发展概况。然后从区域影响力、发展能力、经营运作力、经营安全能力和技术实力五个方面构建了中小企业竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析和因子分析的方法,将兵团中小企业竞争力与新疆自治区中小企业竞争力进行比较,将兵团内部各个师的中小企业竞争力进行比较,分析兵团中小企业竞争力形成过程中的优劣势因素,进而找出影响兵团中小企业竞争力提升的关键因素。最后,针对现状和存在的问题,提出提升兵团中小企业竞争力的主要对策。
通过对兵团中小企业竞争力进行研究,我们可以得出以下结论：
1.改革开放后,兵团中小企业是经济持续增长的重要推动力,是扩大就业的主渠道,是招商引资和对外开放合作的重要力量等,它为兵团经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。
2.通过对中小企业竞争力进行评价,得出兵团中小企业竞争力评价的综合得分落后新疆自治区,兵团各师中小企业竞争力发展严重不平衡。
3.根据评价结果,分析兵团中小企业竞争力形成过程中的优势和劣势。优势因素主要有：国家对兵团发展的政策优惠,兵团自身的特色资源优势,兵团的投资环境优势,兵团发展较好的几个师的发展能力优势、经营运作能力优势和抗风险能力优势。劣势因素主要有：环境资源约束,制度约束、兵团中小企业自身条件的约束和兵团发展一般的师的发展能力劣势、经营运作能力劣势和抗风险能力劣势。
4.针对兵团中小企业竞争力现状,结合兵团中小企业的优劣势因素分析,进而提出提升兵团中小企业的竞争力的对策建议。
Along with China's socialist market continues to advance, the enterprises in China are faced with increasingly fierce competition in the market, the competitiveness of the enterprise's survival and development are decisive significance, how to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises is the practical problems which the enterprises of our country are faced with currently. Enterprises urgently need to grasp the key factor which decides the competitiveness of the enterprises, to understand their orientation, to recognize their own strengths and weaknesses, then to formulate appropriate competition and development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, to obtain the sustainable competitive strengths.
In recent years, our country is highly concerned about the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and accordingly given many policy and financial support for SMEs in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group. After many years development of SMEs Corps, the overall has formed a larger scale, and the momentum of development is good, and made a great contribution to the development of the economy. Although the competitiveness of SMEs Corps has greatly improved, the overall remains relatively weak, faced with the fierce competition in foreign enterprises and domestic enterprises, it is necessary to constantly upgrade the competitiveness of SMEs. Therefore, through the systematic study of the SMEs'competitiveness, it is practical significance for government decision-making and SMEs to improve their competitiveness.
While thumbing through the theory literature about the enterprise competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness evaluation, drawing on the economic theory and relevant methods, we can define SMEs Corps and the competitiveness of SMEs firstly, analyses the definition of SMEs corps. Then we establish SMEs competitiveness evaluation index system from the regional influence, capacity development, operating force, management security capability and technical strength five aspects, using the principal component analysis and factor analysis method, Compare the competitiveness of SMEs between Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, compare the competitiveness of SMEs in each division, analysis the advantages and disadvantages factors during the forming process of the SMEs competitiveness, in order to find the key factors. Finally, in view of the present situation and the existing problems of the SMEs, we can put forward the main countermeasures to enhance the competitiveness of the SMEs Corps.
We can get some conclusions from the study about the competitiveness of the SMEs Corp:
1. After the reforms, SMEs Corps are an important driver of economic growth, they are the main channel for expanding employment, they are the important strength for attracting investments and cooperation, they made a great contribution for the corps economic development.
2. By evaluating the competitiveness of the SMEs, we get the composite score about the competitiveness of the SMEs which in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group is far behind in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and the competitiveness of the SMEs is serious imbalance in each division.
3. According to the evaluation results, we analysis the advantages and disadvantages during the during the forming process of the SMEs competitiveness. Advantage:the preferential policies which is provided by our country, its own characteristic resources advantage, its own investment environmental advantage, the advantage in capacity development, operating force and management security capability which exist in the best several divisions. Disadvantage:the environmental resources constraint, institutional constraints, the SMEs Corps constraints, the disadvantage in capacity development, operating force and management security capability which exist in the worst several divisions.
4. In view of the present situation and the weakness factors of the SMEs Corps, we can put forward the countermeasures to enhance the competitiveness of the SMEs Corps from the macro and micro perspective.
近年来,国家高度关注中小企业的发展,并相应给予了大量的政策和资金扶持中小企业。兵团中小企业历经多年发展,整体上已形成了较大的规模,而且发展势头不错,对兵团经济的发展做出了很大的贡献。尽管兵团中小企业的竞争力有很大的提高,但总体来说仍然相对薄弱,面临着国外企业和国内其它地区企业的激烈竞争,兵团中小企业要生存和发展下去,就必须要不断地提升自己的竞争力水平。因此,对兵团中小企业竞争力进行深入而系统的研究,对于政府决策、中小企业提升自身竞争力具有重要的现实意义。
本文在翻阅了大量企业竞争力、企业竞争力评价理论的文献基础上,借鉴经济学的理论和相关方法,首先界定了兵团中小企业和中小企业竞争力的定义,分析了兵团中小企业的发展概况。然后从区域影响力、发展能力、经营运作力、经营安全能力和技术实力五个方面构建了中小企业竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析和因子分析的方法,将兵团中小企业竞争力与新疆自治区中小企业竞争力进行比较,将兵团内部各个师的中小企业竞争力进行比较,分析兵团中小企业竞争力形成过程中的优劣势因素,进而找出影响兵团中小企业竞争力提升的关键因素。最后,针对现状和存在的问题,提出提升兵团中小企业竞争力的主要对策。
通过对兵团中小企业竞争力进行研究,我们可以得出以下结论：
1.改革开放后,兵团中小企业是经济持续增长的重要推动力,是扩大就业的主渠道,是招商引资和对外开放合作的重要力量等,它为兵团经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。
2.通过对中小企业竞争力进行评价,得出兵团中小企业竞争力评价的综合得分落后新疆自治区,兵团各师中小企业竞争力发展严重不平衡。
3.根据评价结果,分析兵团中小企业竞争力形成过程中的优势和劣势。优势因素主要有：国家对兵团发展的政策优惠,兵团自身的特色资源优势,兵团的投资环境优势,兵团发展较好的几个师的发展能力优势、经营运作能力优势和抗风险能力优势。劣势因素主要有：环境资源约束,制度约束、兵团中小企业自身条件的约束和兵团发展一般的师的发展能力劣势、经营运作能力劣势和抗风险能力劣势。
4.针对兵团中小企业竞争力现状,结合兵团中小企业的优劣势因素分析,进而提出提升兵团中小企业的竞争力的对策建议。
Along with China's socialist market continues to advance, the enterprises in China are faced with increasingly fierce competition in the market, the competitiveness of the enterprise's survival and development are decisive significance, how to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises is the practical problems which the enterprises of our country are faced with currently. Enterprises urgently need to grasp the key factor which decides the competitiveness of the enterprises, to understand their orientation, to recognize their own strengths and weaknesses, then to formulate appropriate competition and development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, to obtain the sustainable competitive strengths.
In recent years, our country is highly concerned about the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and accordingly given many policy and financial support for SMEs in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group. After many years development of SMEs Corps, the overall has formed a larger scale, and the momentum of development is good, and made a great contribution to the development of the economy. Although the competitiveness of SMEs Corps has greatly improved, the overall remains relatively weak, faced with the fierce competition in foreign enterprises and domestic enterprises, it is necessary to constantly upgrade the competitiveness of SMEs. Therefore, through the systematic study of the SMEs'competitiveness, it is practical significance for government decision-making and SMEs to improve their competitiveness.
While thumbing through the theory literature about the enterprise competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness evaluation, drawing on the economic theory and relevant methods, we can define SMEs Corps and the competitiveness of SMEs firstly, analyses the definition of SMEs corps. Then we establish SMEs competitiveness evaluation index system from the regional influence, capacity development, operating force, management security capability and technical strength five aspects, using the principal component analysis and factor analysis method, Compare the competitiveness of SMEs between Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, compare the competitiveness of SMEs in each division, analysis the advantages and disadvantages factors during the forming process of the SMEs competitiveness, in order to find the key factors. Finally, in view of the present situation and the existing problems of the SMEs, we can put forward the main countermeasures to enhance the competitiveness of the SMEs Corps.
We can get some conclusions from the study about the competitiveness of the SMEs Corp:
1. After the reforms, SMEs Corps are an important driver of economic growth, they are the main channel for expanding employment, they are the important strength for attracting investments and cooperation, they made a great contribution for the corps economic development.
2. By evaluating the competitiveness of the SMEs, we get the composite score about the competitiveness of the SMEs which in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group is far behind in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and the competitiveness of the SMEs is serious imbalance in each division.
3. According to the evaluation results, we analysis the advantages and disadvantages during the during the forming process of the SMEs competitiveness. Advantage:the preferential policies which is provided by our country, its own characteristic resources advantage, its own investment environmental advantage, the advantage in capacity development, operating force and management security capability which exist in the best several divisions. Disadvantage:the environmental resources constraint, institutional constraints, the SMEs Corps constraints, the disadvantage in capacity development, operating force and management security capability which exist in the worst several divisions.
4. In view of the present situation and the weakness factors of the SMEs Corps, we can put forward the countermeasures to enhance the competitiveness of the SMEs Corps from the macro and micro perspective.
引文
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