基于HUST控制器的全自动数控系统产品化开发
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摘要
基于HUST(台湾产某数控器型号)控制器的全自动数控系统,是一套完全由本实验室课题组自主开发的三轴联动机电一体化平台。该平台集机械、电气控制、PC机后台管理为一体,具有很高的系统集成性和实际应用价值。根据不同情况下的加工要求,在该平台基础上加以改进,可以制造出实际产品化的机械加工车床系统。当前,国内适用于高精度机加工的高端成套系统产品基本被国外知名厂商占领,而随着我国经济的进一步发展,在数控机加工这方面的需求日益增长,因此,该系统平台的产品化具有很重要的现实意义。
高精度数控铣床是近年来机械加工的热点。零件毛胚必须经过一定程度的切铣,才能保证表面的光滑度,满足客户的要求。柔性板材是一种重要的建筑和装饰材料,被广泛应用于楼房搭建、室内装修、家具制造等各个领域,而套料裁切是形成板材成品的一个重要工序。目前,国产的数控系统在精度、速度、可靠性方面与国外同类产品相比还有一定的差距,因此国内很多厂家的数控设备大多依赖于进口。同时,随着以计算机技术为代表的信息技术的发展,计算机集成制造(CIM)被逐渐应用于制造行业,企业的生产模式从生产过程的单一自动化到产品设计、加工制造、经营管理等全过程的综合自动化。参考国外数控系统的一些先进技术,本文针对基于HUST控制器的全自动数控加工系统的两套实际产品开发工作展开论述。
论文首先简述了数控技术的发展趋势和CIM的思想,在此基础上介绍了平台系统下位机部分电控系统设备的组成、强弱电控制系统的设计、控制过程中数据的相互传递、后台软件控制系统基本功能实现。接着分别详细叙述了高精度数控铣床控制软件和套料切割系统控制软件的设计和工程实现。铣床控制软件包括几个主要部分——任意形状产品图形信息的导入、上位机与下位机通信接口的实现、铣刀轨迹及其G代码的自动生成等。论文的后半部分重点阐述了高精度套料裁切系统部分的新设计,主要包括最小包围矩形、扫描复原、图形微调、异形件排样优化等四个方面。
最后,本文简要作了简单总结,并提出了一些针对系统改进和扩展的建议和方案。平台产品化之一铣床系统已经投入商业运行,到目前为止,还没有出现明显生产错误,整个系统运行良好。
Automatic CNC system based on HUST's control is one set of three-axis linkage mechatronic platform designed completely by our lab team independently. Mechanical technology, electrical control technology and PC management technology have been used in this platform system. This platform has highly practical value and system integration. On the base of this platform, we can make practical machine tool. In these years, high-precision numerical control machine tool market has been occupied almost by foreign companies, and with the development of our country economic , the need of the high-precision numerical control machine tool will be more and more increasing . So it is very necessary to make this platform be the practical product.
High-precision numerical control milling machine is an important focus in the machining industry. To make clients satisfied, roughcasts must be processed to be as clean as a whistle. In addition ,The board material is one kind of important architectural and ornamental material that are used widely in many fields such as building construction, furniture manufacture. Board cutting is one of the important working procedures in the board machining process. At present, compared with the same type of foreign products, home-made numerical control equipments still have disparities in location precision, cutting speed, running dependability and so on. So, domestic factories generally use imported numerical control equipments. During these years , with the development of information technology represented by computer technology, Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has been applied to manufacturing industry gradually. Production mode of the enterprise is changing from single automation of producing process to integrated automation of all the process including product design, product manufacturing, quality assurance and so on. Referring to some advanced technology of foreign countries and following the basic idea of CIM, analyzing how to develop a complete Numerical Control Milling Machine system based on PC management and CNC control, and making the Board Cutting system based on the platform system which has been succeeded already are the two main objects of the dissertation.
After briefly introducing the development of numerical control technique and the conception of CIM, the dissertation analyzes the functions of the hardware configuration of the platform including Mechanical design , electrical control design and PC management design etc. Then some main parts of the Numerical Control Milling Cutter software development such as extraction of drawing information ,the communication between super-computer and sub-computer are expatiated on. To the sub-computer module, the dissertation mainly presents design of building the track of the cutter center automatically according to the parameters.
In addition, the rest of this dissertation mainly discuss the new ways, which are used in Board Cutting system, including how to build the minimum encircling rectangle of the random drawing automatically and two-dimension cutting stock algorithm etc.
At last, Some proposal of improving system is brought forward at the end of the dissertation. The Numerical Control Milling machine system has been used to work in the factory. Until now ,no problem has been found , The system works well.
高精度数控铣床是近年来机械加工的热点。零件毛胚必须经过一定程度的切铣,才能保证表面的光滑度,满足客户的要求。柔性板材是一种重要的建筑和装饰材料,被广泛应用于楼房搭建、室内装修、家具制造等各个领域,而套料裁切是形成板材成品的一个重要工序。目前,国产的数控系统在精度、速度、可靠性方面与国外同类产品相比还有一定的差距,因此国内很多厂家的数控设备大多依赖于进口。同时,随着以计算机技术为代表的信息技术的发展,计算机集成制造(CIM)被逐渐应用于制造行业,企业的生产模式从生产过程的单一自动化到产品设计、加工制造、经营管理等全过程的综合自动化。参考国外数控系统的一些先进技术,本文针对基于HUST控制器的全自动数控加工系统的两套实际产品开发工作展开论述。
论文首先简述了数控技术的发展趋势和CIM的思想,在此基础上介绍了平台系统下位机部分电控系统设备的组成、强弱电控制系统的设计、控制过程中数据的相互传递、后台软件控制系统基本功能实现。接着分别详细叙述了高精度数控铣床控制软件和套料切割系统控制软件的设计和工程实现。铣床控制软件包括几个主要部分——任意形状产品图形信息的导入、上位机与下位机通信接口的实现、铣刀轨迹及其G代码的自动生成等。论文的后半部分重点阐述了高精度套料裁切系统部分的新设计,主要包括最小包围矩形、扫描复原、图形微调、异形件排样优化等四个方面。
最后,本文简要作了简单总结,并提出了一些针对系统改进和扩展的建议和方案。平台产品化之一铣床系统已经投入商业运行,到目前为止,还没有出现明显生产错误,整个系统运行良好。
Automatic CNC system based on HUST's control is one set of three-axis linkage mechatronic platform designed completely by our lab team independently. Mechanical technology, electrical control technology and PC management technology have been used in this platform system. This platform has highly practical value and system integration. On the base of this platform, we can make practical machine tool. In these years, high-precision numerical control machine tool market has been occupied almost by foreign companies, and with the development of our country economic , the need of the high-precision numerical control machine tool will be more and more increasing . So it is very necessary to make this platform be the practical product.
High-precision numerical control milling machine is an important focus in the machining industry. To make clients satisfied, roughcasts must be processed to be as clean as a whistle. In addition ,The board material is one kind of important architectural and ornamental material that are used widely in many fields such as building construction, furniture manufacture. Board cutting is one of the important working procedures in the board machining process. At present, compared with the same type of foreign products, home-made numerical control equipments still have disparities in location precision, cutting speed, running dependability and so on. So, domestic factories generally use imported numerical control equipments. During these years , with the development of information technology represented by computer technology, Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has been applied to manufacturing industry gradually. Production mode of the enterprise is changing from single automation of producing process to integrated automation of all the process including product design, product manufacturing, quality assurance and so on. Referring to some advanced technology of foreign countries and following the basic idea of CIM, analyzing how to develop a complete Numerical Control Milling Machine system based on PC management and CNC control, and making the Board Cutting system based on the platform system which has been succeeded already are the two main objects of the dissertation.
After briefly introducing the development of numerical control technique and the conception of CIM, the dissertation analyzes the functions of the hardware configuration of the platform including Mechanical design , electrical control design and PC management design etc. Then some main parts of the Numerical Control Milling Cutter software development such as extraction of drawing information ,the communication between super-computer and sub-computer are expatiated on. To the sub-computer module, the dissertation mainly presents design of building the track of the cutter center automatically according to the parameters.
In addition, the rest of this dissertation mainly discuss the new ways, which are used in Board Cutting system, including how to build the minimum encircling rectangle of the random drawing automatically and two-dimension cutting stock algorithm etc.
At last, Some proposal of improving system is brought forward at the end of the dissertation. The Numerical Control Milling machine system has been used to work in the factory. Until now ,no problem has been found , The system works well.
引文
[1] 郑传礼. 数控的现状与发展[J]. 兵工自动化, 1997(3):P5-9
[2] 杜君文, 邓广敏. 数控技术[M]. 天津:天津大学出版社, 2002.2
[3] 曹晴峰. 数控系统发展简述[J]. 机床电器, 1996(3):P21-23
[4] 王时龙, 刘飞. 计算机数控集成技术的发展[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 1998(3):P45-47
[5] 张辽远.现代加工技术.机械工业出版社,2002.9.
[6] 熊光楞, 吴鲝宝, 徐光明. 计算机集成制造系统的组成与实施[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1996.12
[7] 白英彩, 唐冶文, 余巍. 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS 概论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.12
[8] 康文利, 范孝良. 面向制造业的先进生产模式 CIMS 的发展趋势[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2003(11):P1-3
[9] 顾新建, 李晓. 先进制造技木的发展趋势[J]. 电子机械工程, 2003(1):P1-5
[10] 姚锡凡, 张毅, 田春光等. 制造业信息化内涵及其在我国发展的现状[J]. 机电工程技术, 2003(3):P21-25
[11] Sev V . Nagalingam, Grier C.I.Lin. Latest developments in CIM[J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufactruing, 1999(15):P423-430
[12] 曹炬. 实用矩形件优化排样系统的研究与开发[J]. 锻压技术,1999(5),P19-23
[13]台湾意图股份有限公司 .HUST I-3 数控器,2000 年
[14]Kate.Gregory .Visual C++6 开发使用手册,机械工业出版社,1999 年
[15]中达电通股份有限公司.铣床专用数控器操作手册,2005 年
[16]Michael J.Young .Visual C++6 从入门到精通,电子工业出版社,1999 年
[17] 李现勇,Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M],北京,人民邮电出版社,2002
[18] Davis Chapman 著,驼长乐译. 学用 Visual C++6.0[M], 北京:清华大学出版社,1999.9
[19] David J.Kruglinski, Scot Wingo,George Shepherd. Programming Visual C++6.0 技术内幕(第五版)[M], 北京:希望电子出版社,1999.5
[20] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器操作手册[G],2000
[21] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器接线手册[G],2000
[22] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器通讯协议[G],2000
[22] 日本三洋株式会社,交流伺服驱动器——PY 用户手册[G],2002
[23] http://www.autodesk.com/techpubs/autocad/dxf/[G]
[24] 姚成虎. ActiveX Automation 技术在 AutoCAD 二次开发中的应用[J]. 机械设计与制造,2000(5):P14-15
[25] 梁雪春, 宋德明. AutoCAD2002 二次开发技术指南[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社. 2001
[26] 张润生, 何广湘, 赵栓. 基于 AutoCAD 二次开发方法的探讨[J]. 计算机应用研究, 1999(3)P98-110
[27] 许智.激光切割机管理与控制系统的研制 [M] 2003
[28] 邵俊昌,李旭. AutoCAD ObjectARX 2000 开发技术指南[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[29] [法]吉贝·德芒热,让皮尔·脯热.曲线与曲面的数学.北京:商务印书馆,2000
[30] 袁慰平,孙志忠,吴宏伟,闻震初.计算方法与实习.东南大学出版社,2000.4
[31] 蔡耀志.显参数曲线的实用圆弧逼近算法.浙江大学报,Vol.29,No.5,1995
[32] 曹炬. 实用矩形件优化排样系统的研究与开发[J]. 锻压技术,1999(5),P19-23
[33] 曹炬,周济. 矩形件排样优化的一种近似算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(3),P190-1955 他
[34] 曹炬,胡修彪.大规模矩形件优化排样的遗传算法[J]. 锻压机械,1999(4):17-20
[35] Christofides,N.,C.Whitlock. An algorithm for the two-dimensional cutting problems[J]. Operations Research. 1977,25(1):30-40.
[36] P.Y.Wang. Two Algorithms for constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problems[J]. Operations Research. 1983,31(3):573-586.
[37]K.V.Viswanathan, A.Bagchi. Best-first search methods for constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problems[J]. Operations Research .1993,41(4):768-776.
[38] 罗意平,刘军.矩形件优化排样改进的启发式算法与系统[J]机械设计 2003(8):55-57
[39]北京均义志诚科技发展有限公司,PMAC 用户手册[G],2003
[40] 温传新,基于 PC 管理及 CNC 控制的自动玻璃切割系统开发[M],东南大学硕士论文,2003
[2] 杜君文, 邓广敏. 数控技术[M]. 天津:天津大学出版社, 2002.2
[3] 曹晴峰. 数控系统发展简述[J]. 机床电器, 1996(3):P21-23
[4] 王时龙, 刘飞. 计算机数控集成技术的发展[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 1998(3):P45-47
[5] 张辽远.现代加工技术.机械工业出版社,2002.9.
[6] 熊光楞, 吴鲝宝, 徐光明. 计算机集成制造系统的组成与实施[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1996.12
[7] 白英彩, 唐冶文, 余巍. 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS 概论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.12
[8] 康文利, 范孝良. 面向制造业的先进生产模式 CIMS 的发展趋势[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2003(11):P1-3
[9] 顾新建, 李晓. 先进制造技木的发展趋势[J]. 电子机械工程, 2003(1):P1-5
[10] 姚锡凡, 张毅, 田春光等. 制造业信息化内涵及其在我国发展的现状[J]. 机电工程技术, 2003(3):P21-25
[11] Sev V . Nagalingam, Grier C.I.Lin. Latest developments in CIM[J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufactruing, 1999(15):P423-430
[12] 曹炬. 实用矩形件优化排样系统的研究与开发[J]. 锻压技术,1999(5),P19-23
[13]台湾意图股份有限公司 .HUST I-3 数控器,2000 年
[14]Kate.Gregory .Visual C++6 开发使用手册,机械工业出版社,1999 年
[15]中达电通股份有限公司.铣床专用数控器操作手册,2005 年
[16]Michael J.Young .Visual C++6 从入门到精通,电子工业出版社,1999 年
[17] 李现勇,Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M],北京,人民邮电出版社,2002
[18] Davis Chapman 著,驼长乐译. 学用 Visual C++6.0[M], 北京:清华大学出版社,1999.9
[19] David J.Kruglinski, Scot Wingo,George Shepherd. Programming Visual C++6.0 技术内幕(第五版)[M], 北京:希望电子出版社,1999.5
[20] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器操作手册[G],2000
[21] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器接线手册[G],2000
[22] 台湾亿图公司,HUST-3 数控器通讯协议[G],2000
[22] 日本三洋株式会社,交流伺服驱动器——PY 用户手册[G],2002
[23] http://www.autodesk.com/techpubs/autocad/dxf/[G]
[24] 姚成虎. ActiveX Automation 技术在 AutoCAD 二次开发中的应用[J]. 机械设计与制造,2000(5):P14-15
[25] 梁雪春, 宋德明. AutoCAD2002 二次开发技术指南[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社. 2001
[26] 张润生, 何广湘, 赵栓. 基于 AutoCAD 二次开发方法的探讨[J]. 计算机应用研究, 1999(3)P98-110
[27] 许智.激光切割机管理与控制系统的研制 [M] 2003
[28] 邵俊昌,李旭. AutoCAD ObjectARX 2000 开发技术指南[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[29] [法]吉贝·德芒热,让皮尔·脯热.曲线与曲面的数学.北京:商务印书馆,2000
[30] 袁慰平,孙志忠,吴宏伟,闻震初.计算方法与实习.东南大学出版社,2000.4
[31] 蔡耀志.显参数曲线的实用圆弧逼近算法.浙江大学报,Vol.29,No.5,1995
[32] 曹炬. 实用矩形件优化排样系统的研究与开发[J]. 锻压技术,1999(5),P19-23
[33] 曹炬,周济. 矩形件排样优化的一种近似算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(3),P190-1955 他
[34] 曹炬,胡修彪.大规模矩形件优化排样的遗传算法[J]. 锻压机械,1999(4):17-20
[35] Christofides,N.,C.Whitlock. An algorithm for the two-dimensional cutting problems[J]. Operations Research. 1977,25(1):30-40.
[36] P.Y.Wang. Two Algorithms for constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problems[J]. Operations Research. 1983,31(3):573-586.
[37]K.V.Viswanathan, A.Bagchi. Best-first search methods for constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problems[J]. Operations Research .1993,41(4):768-776.
[38] 罗意平,刘军.矩形件优化排样改进的启发式算法与系统[J]机械设计 2003(8):55-57
[39]北京均义志诚科技发展有限公司,PMAC 用户手册[G],2003
[40] 温传新,基于 PC 管理及 CNC 控制的自动玻璃切割系统开发[M],东南大学硕士论文,2003