渗铝钢在炼油厂典型腐蚀环境中的耐蚀性研究
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摘要
随着原油酸值的升高和硫含量的增加，我国炼油设备的腐蚀越来越严重，典型类型如氯化物、高温硫以及高温环烷酸腐蚀等。这些腐蚀对于设备的安全运行及使用寿命带来极大的危害，经常出现腐蚀泄漏，严重威胁着装置的正常生产。采用传统的碳钢材料已不能满足生产的要求；采用普通不锈钢材料，不但成本较高，且效果也不十分理想；而用高档不锈钢材料如316L等价格又昂贵。渗铝钢在这种场合是一种比较理想的材料，它对于防止氯化物、高温硫及高温环烷酸等腐蚀，具有十分良好的耐蚀性能。
本文首先介绍了炼油设备的腐蚀状况，重点分析了氯化物、高温硫及高温环烷酸典型腐蚀机理和特点、设备易蚀部位及危害等。并有针对性地提出采用耐氯化物、高温硫及环烷酸等腐蚀材料—渗铝钢，运用实验数据对比论证了渗铝钢优越的防腐性能，特别对于这几种典型腐蚀具有优良的耐蚀性和实用性。通过工业应用验证了渗铝钢的耐腐蚀性能优于不锈钢，这是由于铝铁合金在高温下形成的钝化膜具有很高的抗腐蚀性能。此外，渗铝后表面显微硬度比母材高2～3倍，因此耐冲蚀性更好。通过使用渗铝钢，延长了炼油设备的运行周期，保证了装置安全平稳生产，经济效益和社会效益十分显著，值得在相关行业推广应用。
Because crude oil acid vaule and sulphur content is increasing, the refinery equipments corrosion is more and more serious.The typical examples are chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin acid corrosion. These corrosion do great damage to equipment's safe operation and shorten service life. The leakage result from corrosion occurs very frequently and seriously threaten the unit' s safe operation. The traditional carbon steel can't meet the demand of safe operation. If using ordinary stainless steel material, not only the cost is very high, but also the effect is not good. On the other hand, the high-class stainless material, such as 316L, is too expensive. The aluminum diffused steel is ideal material to suit to the situation. It can inhibit the chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin's corrosion and has good corrosion stability.
The refinery equipments corrosion situation, equipment easily corroded parts and its harm are introduced and chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin's corrosion reason is mainly analysized in this article. The aluminum diffused steel which is corrosion resistant to chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and cycloparaffin and so on is specially put forwarded. The aluminum diffused steel's property, specially it's excellent corrosion resistance to several typically corrosive medium mentioned in this article and its pratical application is demonstrated and compared by experimental datas. The commercial operation demonstrated that the corrosion resistance performance of the aluminum diffused steel was superior over that stainless steel,which contributed to the excellent corrosion resistance performance of the aluminum oxide film formed of the aluminum iron alloy at the high temperature, besides, the surface micro-hardness was 2 ~ 3 times greater than that of the base steel after aluminum diffusion, which made the steel more resistant to erosion. With aluminum diffused steel application, the refinery eqquipments' operation period is prolonged and unit' s safe and smooth operation is assured. The economy and society benefits is very striking. It is worthy to popularize in some relevant industries.
本文首先介绍了炼油设备的腐蚀状况，重点分析了氯化物、高温硫及高温环烷酸典型腐蚀机理和特点、设备易蚀部位及危害等。并有针对性地提出采用耐氯化物、高温硫及环烷酸等腐蚀材料—渗铝钢，运用实验数据对比论证了渗铝钢优越的防腐性能，特别对于这几种典型腐蚀具有优良的耐蚀性和实用性。通过工业应用验证了渗铝钢的耐腐蚀性能优于不锈钢，这是由于铝铁合金在高温下形成的钝化膜具有很高的抗腐蚀性能。此外，渗铝后表面显微硬度比母材高2～3倍，因此耐冲蚀性更好。通过使用渗铝钢，延长了炼油设备的运行周期，保证了装置安全平稳生产，经济效益和社会效益十分显著，值得在相关行业推广应用。
Because crude oil acid vaule and sulphur content is increasing, the refinery equipments corrosion is more and more serious.The typical examples are chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin acid corrosion. These corrosion do great damage to equipment's safe operation and shorten service life. The leakage result from corrosion occurs very frequently and seriously threaten the unit' s safe operation. The traditional carbon steel can't meet the demand of safe operation. If using ordinary stainless steel material, not only the cost is very high, but also the effect is not good. On the other hand, the high-class stainless material, such as 316L, is too expensive. The aluminum diffused steel is ideal material to suit to the situation. It can inhibit the chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin's corrosion and has good corrosion stability.
The refinery equipments corrosion situation, equipment easily corroded parts and its harm are introduced and chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and high temperature cycloparaffin's corrosion reason is mainly analysized in this article. The aluminum diffused steel which is corrosion resistant to chlorinate, high temperature sulphur and cycloparaffin and so on is specially put forwarded. The aluminum diffused steel's property, specially it's excellent corrosion resistance to several typically corrosive medium mentioned in this article and its pratical application is demonstrated and compared by experimental datas. The commercial operation demonstrated that the corrosion resistance performance of the aluminum diffused steel was superior over that stainless steel,which contributed to the excellent corrosion resistance performance of the aluminum oxide film formed of the aluminum iron alloy at the high temperature, besides, the surface micro-hardness was 2 ~ 3 times greater than that of the base steel after aluminum diffusion, which made the steel more resistant to erosion. With aluminum diffused steel application, the refinery eqquipments' operation period is prolonged and unit' s safe and smooth operation is assured. The economy and society benefits is very striking. It is worthy to popularize in some relevant industries.
引文
1 秦国治，袁士霄主编．石油化工厂设备检修手册．第1版．北京：中国石化出版社，1996．1—2
2 傅玉华，周汉平，周吐清，刘刚编著．石油化工设备腐蚀与防治．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1997．2—5
3 安景武，李小红．换热器防腐方法介绍．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(3)：62
4 唐超．渗铝钢在石油天然气工业中的应用．石油工程建设，1993，(5)：21—23
5 盛长松，李选亭．炼油厂渗铝钢技术的发展．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2001，(2)：1—4
6 赵葵，杨继林．渗铝钢在防止管道应力腐蚀中的应用．焊接，2000，(10)：34
7 刘辉义，倪祖基．渗铝钢在化工设备上的应用．化工装备技术，1998，(3)：48
8 邓舜扬，顾振军编著．金属防腐蚀对话．第1版．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987．4
9 黄永昌编著．金属腐蚀与防护原理．第1版．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989．6—7
10 化学工业部化工机械研究院主编．腐蚀与防护手册(腐蚀理论·试验及监测)．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社，1989．191—193
11 O. Kubaschewski,B.E. Hopkins "oxidation of metals and alloys" ,london, 1962.89
12 朱岳麟，周健，熊常健等．炼油设备腐蚀与防护技术新进展．石油化工设备，2002，(1)：15
13 贾鹏林．高硫原油加工过程中的防腐蚀技术．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2001，(5)：1—2
14 黄靖国，刘小辉．常减压蒸馏装置的硫腐蚀问题及对策．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(3)：2
15 高延敏，陈家坚，雷良才等．环烷酸腐蚀研究现状和防护对策．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2000，(2)：10
16 A. Jayaraman R.C. Saxena corrosion Prevention and control December, 1995.123
17 孙明霞．常减压装置的腐蚀与控制．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2000，(2)：14
18 余国琮，胡修慈，吴文林主编．化工容器及设备．第1版．天津：天津大学出版社，1988．448
19 丁庆如．渗铝钢的性能及在石油化工装备中的应用．石油机械，1999，(5)：52—54
20 兰州化学工业公司化工机械研究所组织编写．金属镀层与衬里．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社，1973．35
21 谷其发，李文戈编著．炼油厂设备腐蚀与防护图解．第1版．北京：中国石化出版社，2000．93—97
22 George T. Bayer. Coatings linings. MP, 1995, (8):34--38
23 丁庆如．渗铝钢的性能及在石化工业中的应用．石油化工设备技术，1997，(5)：48—50
24 盛常松，李选亭等．改进包埋渗铝钢的特性与应用．炼油设计，2000，(7)：36—36
25 吕孝录．碳钢渗铝管的焊接．石油化工设备技术，1998，(3)：46—48
26 赵岩，安辉．蒸馏与减粘热联合装置的设备腐蚀及防护．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(4)：12—14
2 傅玉华，周汉平，周吐清，刘刚编著．石油化工设备腐蚀与防治．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1997．2—5
3 安景武，李小红．换热器防腐方法介绍．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(3)：62
4 唐超．渗铝钢在石油天然气工业中的应用．石油工程建设，1993，(5)：21—23
5 盛长松，李选亭．炼油厂渗铝钢技术的发展．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2001，(2)：1—4
6 赵葵，杨继林．渗铝钢在防止管道应力腐蚀中的应用．焊接，2000，(10)：34
7 刘辉义，倪祖基．渗铝钢在化工设备上的应用．化工装备技术，1998，(3)：48
8 邓舜扬，顾振军编著．金属防腐蚀对话．第1版．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987．4
9 黄永昌编著．金属腐蚀与防护原理．第1版．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989．6—7
10 化学工业部化工机械研究院主编．腐蚀与防护手册(腐蚀理论·试验及监测)．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社，1989．191—193
11 O. Kubaschewski,B.E. Hopkins "oxidation of metals and alloys" ,london, 1962.89
12 朱岳麟，周健，熊常健等．炼油设备腐蚀与防护技术新进展．石油化工设备，2002，(1)：15
13 贾鹏林．高硫原油加工过程中的防腐蚀技术．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2001，(5)：1—2
14 黄靖国，刘小辉．常减压蒸馏装置的硫腐蚀问题及对策．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(3)：2
15 高延敏，陈家坚，雷良才等．环烷酸腐蚀研究现状和防护对策．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2000，(2)：10
16 A. Jayaraman R.C. Saxena corrosion Prevention and control December, 1995.123
17 孙明霞．常减压装置的腐蚀与控制．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2000，(2)：14
18 余国琮，胡修慈，吴文林主编．化工容器及设备．第1版．天津：天津大学出版社，1988．448
19 丁庆如．渗铝钢的性能及在石油化工装备中的应用．石油机械，1999，(5)：52—54
20 兰州化学工业公司化工机械研究所组织编写．金属镀层与衬里．第1版．北京：化学工业出版社，1973．35
21 谷其发，李文戈编著．炼油厂设备腐蚀与防护图解．第1版．北京：中国石化出版社，2000．93—97
22 George T. Bayer. Coatings linings. MP, 1995, (8):34--38
23 丁庆如．渗铝钢的性能及在石化工业中的应用．石油化工设备技术，1997，(5)：48—50
24 盛常松，李选亭等．改进包埋渗铝钢的特性与应用．炼油设计，2000，(7)：36—36
25 吕孝录．碳钢渗铝管的焊接．石油化工设备技术，1998，(3)：46—48
26 赵岩，安辉．蒸馏与减粘热联合装置的设备腐蚀及防护．石油化工腐蚀与防护，2002，(4)：12—14