摘要
人们目前对凝固理论的研究大多集中于以二元铝合金为材料的定向凝固,对于三元或多元铝合金定向凝固少有人触及。本文采用在5 K/mm温度梯度下,选用1 mm/min、5 mm/min、10 mm/min、15 mm/min四种下拉速率对成分为96.0 at% Al、1.0 at% Ni、3.0 at% Y的三元共晶合金进行定向凝固试验,研究下拉速率对合金组织演化的影响,以及凝固相的形成过程。
研究结果表明:定向凝固棒中间部分组织较为均匀,定向特征更为明显,凝固过程更为稳定。通过X射线衍射和光学显微镜分析表明合金由α-Al相、Al_3Y相、Al_(23)Ni_6Y_4相三相组成。当下拉速率为1 mm/min时,合金组织呈现三相共晶结构,纵截面有定向凝固趋势。下拉速率大于5 mm/min时,合金组织演变成两种二相共晶:一种是Al_3Y相与α-Al相形成菊花状的不规则二相共晶组织,另一种是Al_(23)Ni_6Y_4相与α-Al相形成层片状的规则二相共晶组织,纵截面上均有明显的定向凝固特征。在相同或不同下拉速率下,合金试样横、纵截面上晶粒生长取向发生了变化,尤其在纵截面上,与热流方向相近或成一定角度的取向快速生长,其晶面衍射峰的强度明显提高,而与热流方向相差较大的取向则生长缓慢甚至消失,其晶面衍射峰强度明显减弱。利用ICSD、Material-Studio软件建立起Al_3Y相的晶体结构,得出此相具有六个生长方向,即:[010]、[010]、[100]、[100]、[110]、[110]。
The binary aluminum alloy with directional solidification was concentrated at present, but ternary or multicomponent aluminum alloy with directional solidification was researched by few people. In order to study the effect of the pulling rates on the microstructure evolution of ternary eutectic Al-Ni-Y alloy, and the formation process of solidification phase, the upward directional solidification of the alloy with chemical composition of 96.0 at% Al, 1.0 at% Ni, 3.0 at% Y was carried out under the constant temperature gradient of 5 K/mm and the four different pulling rates of 1 mm/min, 5 mm/min,10 mm/min and 15 mm/min.
It showed that the middle part of the microstructure for directional solidified rod was homogeneous, directional characteristic was more obvious. The microstructure of the alloy was consisted ofα-Al, Al_3Y, Al_(23)Ni_6Y_4 phases by X-ray diffraction and optical microscope. When the pulling rates was low as 1 mm/min, three-phase eutectic structure was observed and characteristic of directional solidification could be found in longitudinal section. When the pulling rates increases up to 5 mm/min,two kinds of two-phase eutectic structure could be observed in the alloys as follows: one was chrysanthemum- like atactic two-phase eutectic structure consisted of Al_3Y phase andα-Al phase, the other was lamellar regular two-phase eutectic structure consisted of Al_(23)Ni_6Y_4 phase andα-Al phase. The obvious characteristic of directional solidification could be found in longitudinal section. The grains growth orientation of the alloy sample in cross section and longitudinal section changed at the same or different pulling rates, Especially, the grains growth orientation which paralleled or at an angle with the direction of heat flow was rapid growth, the intensity of crystal diffraction peak was increased, while the grains growth orientation which verticalled or at large angle with the direction of heat flow was slow-growing or disappear, the intensity of crystal diffraction peak was decreased obvious. The six different growth orientation of [010], [010], [100], [100], [110], [110] was found by ICSD and Material-Studio software which established the crystal structure of Al_3Y phases.
引文
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