Al-Ni_2O_3系铝基复合材料微波合成研究
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摘要
微波合成法是一种高效节能的材料制备方法。本文以Al、Ni2O3粉末为原料,采用常规及微波加热两种技术分别合成了Al-Ni2O3系铝基复合材料,利用多种现代测试技术对反应过程及反应产物进行观察分析,并通过自制软件测定微波加热过程的升温曲线,探索微波合成的工艺及其合成机理。
Al-Ni2O3系反应由两步组成,首先Al与Ni203反应生成Al203和活性Ni原子,接着活性Ni原子与Al反应生成Ni2Al3。增强体体积分数由20%增加到100%时,反应活化能由139.963 kJ/mmol增加到331.320 kJ/mol。增强体体积分数为20%的复合材料凝固时Ni2Al3长大,液态中析出NiAl3,反应产物由铝基体和细小颗粒Al203、大块Ni2Al3以及细条状NiAl3三种增强体组成。体积分数为50%的复合材料凝固到一定温度时,液相与Ni2Al3发生包晶反应产生了包晶相NiAl3。
相比于常规合成,微波合成时起爆温度降低134℃以上,反应速度显著加快,制备时间仅为常规合成的1/20。微波合成的产物组织致密、分布均匀且晶粒细小。增强体体积分数为10%的复合材料比起铝基体抗拉强度增加至145.3MPa,延伸率下降到为8%,断口上有大量细小韧窝,属韧性断裂。增强体体积分数为20%的材料抗拉强度为126.1MPa,延伸率1.75%,断口可见明显大块物,属脆性断裂。以上两种材料比起铝基体平均线膨胀系数分别降低了2.11%和8.05%。加入稀土氧化物,能提高材料的抗拉强度并降低其热膨胀系数。
Microwave synthesis is an efficient and energy conservation method for material preparation. In this paper, the Al-Ni2O3 system of aluminum matrix composites were prepared by microwave and conventional synthesis method respectively, with Al and Ni2O3 powders as raw material. The reaction process and the production of the Al-Ni2O3 system were analyzed by many modern methods. The temperature-time curves of microwave heating process were tested by the self-developed software, which used to study the processing and mechanism of microwave synthesis.
The reaction process of the Al-Ni2O3 system followed in two steps. Al reacted with Ni2O3 firstly and formed Al2O3 and active Ni atoms. Then Al reacted with active Ni atoms and resulted in Ni2Al3.When volume fraction increased from 20% to 100%, the amount of reactive activation energy increased from 139.963 kJ/mol to 331.320 kJ/mol.When 20% reinforcement volume fraction material solidified,Ni2Al3 grew up, NiAl3 separated out from the liquid phase. The production was consisted of Al matrix and three reinforcements:fine particle of Al2O3,massive Ni2Al3, shredded NiAl3.When 50% reinforcement volume fraction material cooled to a certain centigrade, peritectic reaction happened with Ni2Al3 in liquid state and resulted in NiAl3.
Compared with conventional synthesis, the initiation temperature of microwave synthesis reduced more than 134℃,the reactive speed increased evidently, the total time reduced to 1/20. The production's structure was dense, dispersion was uniform, and crystalline grain was fine. The tensile strength of the composites was higher than the matrix, and elongation reduced. The tensile strength of 10% reinforcement volume fraction material was 145.3MPa, elongation was 8%, fracture contained many dimples, belong to gliding fracture. The tensile strength of 20% reinforcement volume fraction material was 126.1MPa, elongation was 1.75%, fracture contained massive blocks clearly, belong to brittle rupture. The coefficient of linear expansion was reduced 2.11% and 8.05% respectively. Add rare earth, can improve the tensile strength of the material and reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion.
Al-Ni2O3系反应由两步组成,首先Al与Ni203反应生成Al203和活性Ni原子,接着活性Ni原子与Al反应生成Ni2Al3。增强体体积分数由20%增加到100%时,反应活化能由139.963 kJ/mmol增加到331.320 kJ/mol。增强体体积分数为20%的复合材料凝固时Ni2Al3长大,液态中析出NiAl3,反应产物由铝基体和细小颗粒Al203、大块Ni2Al3以及细条状NiAl3三种增强体组成。体积分数为50%的复合材料凝固到一定温度时,液相与Ni2Al3发生包晶反应产生了包晶相NiAl3。
相比于常规合成,微波合成时起爆温度降低134℃以上,反应速度显著加快,制备时间仅为常规合成的1/20。微波合成的产物组织致密、分布均匀且晶粒细小。增强体体积分数为10%的复合材料比起铝基体抗拉强度增加至145.3MPa,延伸率下降到为8%,断口上有大量细小韧窝,属韧性断裂。增强体体积分数为20%的材料抗拉强度为126.1MPa,延伸率1.75%,断口可见明显大块物,属脆性断裂。以上两种材料比起铝基体平均线膨胀系数分别降低了2.11%和8.05%。加入稀土氧化物,能提高材料的抗拉强度并降低其热膨胀系数。
Microwave synthesis is an efficient and energy conservation method for material preparation. In this paper, the Al-Ni2O3 system of aluminum matrix composites were prepared by microwave and conventional synthesis method respectively, with Al and Ni2O3 powders as raw material. The reaction process and the production of the Al-Ni2O3 system were analyzed by many modern methods. The temperature-time curves of microwave heating process were tested by the self-developed software, which used to study the processing and mechanism of microwave synthesis.
The reaction process of the Al-Ni2O3 system followed in two steps. Al reacted with Ni2O3 firstly and formed Al2O3 and active Ni atoms. Then Al reacted with active Ni atoms and resulted in Ni2Al3.When volume fraction increased from 20% to 100%, the amount of reactive activation energy increased from 139.963 kJ/mol to 331.320 kJ/mol.When 20% reinforcement volume fraction material solidified,Ni2Al3 grew up, NiAl3 separated out from the liquid phase. The production was consisted of Al matrix and three reinforcements:fine particle of Al2O3,massive Ni2Al3, shredded NiAl3.When 50% reinforcement volume fraction material cooled to a certain centigrade, peritectic reaction happened with Ni2Al3 in liquid state and resulted in NiAl3.
Compared with conventional synthesis, the initiation temperature of microwave synthesis reduced more than 134℃,the reactive speed increased evidently, the total time reduced to 1/20. The production's structure was dense, dispersion was uniform, and crystalline grain was fine. The tensile strength of the composites was higher than the matrix, and elongation reduced. The tensile strength of 10% reinforcement volume fraction material was 145.3MPa, elongation was 8%, fracture contained many dimples, belong to gliding fracture. The tensile strength of 20% reinforcement volume fraction material was 126.1MPa, elongation was 1.75%, fracture contained massive blocks clearly, belong to brittle rupture. The coefficient of linear expansion was reduced 2.11% and 8.05% respectively. Add rare earth, can improve the tensile strength of the material and reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion.
引文
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[11]田志宇.颗粒增强金属机复合材料的研究及应用[J].金属材料及冶金工程.2008,36(1)：3-7.
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[14]M. Emamy, M. Mahta, J.Rasizadeh. Formation of TiB2 particles during dissolution of
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[15]朱和国,王恒志,吴申庆.Al-TiO2-B2O3系XD合成铝基复合材料研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金.2005,25(4)：196-198.
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[22]王海龙,张锐,汪长安,等.微波烧结SiC-Cu/Al复合材料的工艺及机理[J].硅酸盐学报.2006,34(12)：1431-1436.
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