新型酰胺硫脲基杯芳烃和双杯芳烃的合成与性能研究
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摘要
杯芳烃是广受瞩目的第三代主体分子,作为平台构筑对客体具有良好识别能力的新型主体分子一直颇受瞩目。其中,含N、S杂原子桥联的杯芳烃的研究近几年受到了人们的广泛关注,是杯芳烃化学新的研究热点。在杯芳烃引入氨基、酰胺基、脲基、硫脲基等,通过它们的协同效应,对客体具有优良的识别能力。本文以对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃为平台,设计并合成了一系列杯[4]芳烃和双杯[4]芳烃酰胺、硫脲、脲基衍生物,并研究了它们对金属阳离子萃取性能和阴离子的配合性能。
     首先,我们合成了具有两个酰胺基,四个硫脲基的开链结构的杯[4]芳烃衍生物。通过金属阳离子萃取实验表明,含酰胺基和硫脲基的杯[4]芳烃衍生物对过渡金属有较好的识别性能,远远优于只含有酰胺基的杯芳烃衍生物,同时对Co~(2+)、Cs~+能较好的高效选择性萃取。
     其次,设计并合成了新型的N-支套索杯[4]芳烃氮杂冠醚。金属阳离子萃取实验表明,此类含酰胺基和硫脲基的杯[4]芳烃冠醚衍生物3对软金属离子均有较好的识别性能。
     再次,设计并合成了哑铃状酰胺基硫脲基双杯[4]冠醚。阳离子萃取实验表明,新化合物3a、3b对过渡金属离子表现出良好的萃取性能,而对碱金属的作用较弱,其中萃取率高的有Pb~(2+)、Ag~+、Ni~(2+),化合物3a对Co~(2+)表现出较好的配合能力和萃取选择性。另外,我们将新化合物配合能力与结构类似的只含酰胺基的杯[4]芳烃衍生物相比,发现新型杯芳烃衍生物对软金属具有更好的配合性能。阴离子配合实验发现,新化合物对所测阴离子具有良好的识别性能,UV-vis光谱法研究了新化合物与~-OOC(CH_2)_4COO~-阴离子识别配合性能并计算出它们的配合常数,结果表明它们对~-OOC(CH_2)_4COO~-有较好的配合作用,主客体分子形成1∶1的配合物。
Calixarene are the third generation of the host molecules, as a building block to construct the novel host molecules with good recognition abilities towards the guests. Recently, people have paid much attention to N, S-bridged calixarenes. Because calixarene derivatives containing amide、thiourea and urea units, through have good recognition abilities towards the guests. Therefore, studies on their derivation and recognition properties are in the ascendant. In this paper, calix[4]arene is used as a building block, and a series of calix[4]arene derivatives containing amide、thiourea and urea units are designed and synthesized, and their binding properties towards metal cations and anion are studied.
     Firstly, we synthesized a calix[4]arene derivative with the structure of open-chain containing two amide units and four thiourea units. Metal cation extraction experiments demonstrate that calix[4]arene derivative containing amide and thiourea units shows much better extraction property towards transition metal ions than that of calixarene derivative only containing amide groups, and it exhibits a good extraction selectivity towards Co~(2+), Cs~+.
     Secondly, a novel N-calix[4]arene aza-crown ether derivative is synthesized. Metal cation extraction experiments demonstrate that calix[4]arene derivative containing amide and thiourea units shows good extraction property towards soft metal ions.
     Thirdly, dumbbell-biscalix[4]arenes aza-crown ether are synthesized. Metal cation extraction experiments demonstrate that the novel compounds show excellent extraction property towards transition metal ions and poor extraction property towards alkali metal, and they exhibit a good extraction selectivity towards Pb~(2+), Ag~+ and Ni~(2+). The compound 3a exhibits a good extraction selectivity towards Co~(2+). It is found that the extraction percentage of these new calix[4]arene derivatives for soft cations are higher than that of calixarene derivative only containing amide gronps.
     The anion binding extraction experiments suggest that these derivatives exhibit excellent recognition towards anion. UV-vis is used to study the binding property of novel compounds towards ~-OOC(CH_2)4_COO~- anions, and their binding constants are calculated. The results show that it possesses good complexation abilities towards ~-OOC(CH_2)_4COO~-, and 1:1 complex compound is formed between host and guest molecules.
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