短碳链二元酸二元醇脂肪族聚酯及其性能研究
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摘要
可生物降解聚合物二十世纪八十年代中期才开始研究,近几年进展很快,已进入工业化生产,但还有许多问题需要进一步研究。其中包括,可生物降解聚合物的分解速率、分解彻底性、降解过程和机理。在材料的性能优化、加工技术及形态结构等方面也值得进一步的探索。目前,国外对可生物降解聚合物的研究主要集中在聚羟基丁酸酯系列、聚乳酸、聚二酸二醇酯系列聚合物的合成、性质等方面,并对影响聚合物降解性的内部因素和外部因素进行了研究。已有的研究表明,聚合物的分子量、空间构型、聚合物的结晶度、脂肪族二元酸和二元醇的碳链长等是影响降解反应的内因；温度、pH值、酶或微生物的种类是影响聚合物降解反应的外因。但是,由于每一种聚合物的特殊性和复杂性,控制其化学结构与降解速度的关系很困难,而且对每一种聚合物来说影响其降解反应的因素很多。
我国对脂肪族聚酯的研究主要集中在合成、化学结构的表征和聚合物的改性方面,并没有从结构和降解速度的相互关系上真正揭示聚合物的降解反应机理。对降解反应机理的研究也显得很薄弱,对可降解聚合物的结构、降解性和降解反应速度之间关系的研究缺乏系统性和理论性,从而阻碍了对可降解聚合物的深入研究,现有的研究还不能达到对可控性环境降解产品开发的要求。因此根据不同用途和环境条件,并通过分子设计,开发准时可控性环境降解高分子成为的研究必要。
另外,对于脂肪族聚酯的制备方法,主要有生物法和化学法,通过生物法合成的脂肪族聚酯一般脆性很高,很难直接满足使用要求；而化学合成法制得的脂肪族聚酯大多相对分子质量较低,很难单独作为塑料制品使用。因此对于脂肪族聚酯的制备研究及其改性也成为研究的必要。
由于脂肪族二元酸和二元醇的碳链长也是影响脂肪族聚酯降解反应的主要内因之一,所以在本课题的研究中,主要采用短链的脂肪族二元酸和脂肪族二元醇作为原料来制备脂肪族聚酯。
本课题主要以反丁烯二酸(FA)和丁二羧酸(SA)为脂肪族二元酸,一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和1,4-丁二醇(BD)为脂肪族二元醇采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备脂肪族聚酯,对该聚酯的生物降解性及生物降解可控性进行研究；以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的环状二聚体(CDBS)为单体,采用开环聚合的方法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,对该聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的性能及生物降解性进行了研究,并与采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯进行对比；采用共聚、扩链、共混等方法对合成的脂肪族聚酯进行改性,研究聚酯改性后的生物降解性、生物降解可控性、热性能以及力学性能等。
首先,以反丁烯二酸(FA)和丁二羧酸(SA)为脂肪族二元酸,以一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和1,4-丁二醇(BD)为脂肪族二元醇采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备端羟基脂肪族聚酯。探讨了醇酸的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类以及体系压力的大小对聚酯影响,并通过红外光谱、核磁对聚酯的结构进行表征。研究表明,制备端羟基的脂肪族聚酯二元醇和二元酸的物质的量之比确定为n醇：n酸=6：5,催化剂为SnCl2;在氮气保护下,酯化温度为150℃,常压；缩聚温度为190-200℃,体系压力为3.3 KPa。
其次,采用质量保留率对合成的端羟基脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性和生物降解可控性进行研究。对比了以FA、DEG和BD合成的端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)、poly(FA-co-BD)和以SA、DEG和BD合成的端羟基饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(SA-co-DEG)、poly(SA-co-BD)的生物降解性；同时重点研究端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)中C=C双键的引入及其交联性对聚酯的生物降解性的影响。研究表明：脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性与聚酯的分子量、熔点Tm以及分子结构有关；另外,不饱和脂肪族二元酸合成的聚酯分子链中含有C=C不饱和双键,在空气氛中高温焙烘下,C=C双键会打开发生交联,交联度随着焙烘温度的升高和焙烘时间的延长会增加,交联后,聚酯会由线状结构变成支链结构、星形结构或是网状结构；不饱和脂肪族聚酯交联后的生物降解性会降低,且随着交联度的增加而降低。
采用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)以及BD为原料,对合成的端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)进行扩链。研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料的摩尔比、催化剂用量等对-NCO转化率以及聚酯扩链后的性能的影响；同时对聚酯扩链后的产物的生物降解性进行了研
究。研究表明：聚酯扩链后在脂肪酶的磷酸缓冲溶液中有一定的生物降解性,但生物降解性比扩链前的聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)的差；而聚酯扩链后的产物交联后的生物降解性较未交联的生物降解性差。将聚酯扩链后的产物作粘合剂使用,主要考察了热压压力、热压温度和热压时间对剥离强度的影响。研究表明：该粘合剂有好的剥离强度,但剥离强度与热压压力、热压时间和热压温度有关。
分离提纯聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的环状二聚体(cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol), CDBS),以纯化的CDBS为原料,十二醇为初始剂,辛酸锡为催化剂,采用开环聚合法制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(poly(SA-co-BD)),通过红外和核磁对聚酯的结构进行表征,并与直接酯化-缩聚法制备的端羟基脂肪族聚酯poly(SA-co-BD)进行了对比。研究表明：与以SA与BD为原料采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备的poly(SA-co-BD)(?)目比,开环反应温度220℃左右,在较短的反应时间内,开环聚合能得到较高分子量的poly(SA-co-BD),开环反应3h,分子量可达到63.3 KDa,而采用直接酯化-缩聚法,酯化反应4h,降低体系压力至3.3 KPa,缩聚反应2-3 h,所得聚酯的数均分子量仅为2.7 KDa。
采用酶催化降解实验对该聚丁酸丁二醇酯的生物降解性进行研究,讨论分子量大小对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯降解性的影响。研究表明：在poly(SA-co-BD)的Tg、Tm和结晶度近似相同的条件下,poly(SA-co-BD)的分子量越小,其降解速率越快。
最后,通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(poly(SA-co-BD))/液晶高分子聚合物(LCP)的共混物,同时加入扩链剂聚碳化二亚胺(PCD)和1,1-羰基二己内酰胺(CBC)制备了共混样品。用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段研究了poly(SA-co-BD)/LCP共混物的热性能、结晶性能、力学性能以及共混物相容性。研究结果表明：加入LCP共混后的样品具有很高的储能模量(E'),在整个测试温度变化范围内,共混样品的储能模量(E’)都高于poly(SA-co-BD)的储能模量(E'),尤其是当LCP的含量为30%时,室温下,储能模量(E')达到9.6 GPa。通过SEM观察共混样品的断面发现,在加入LCP共混后,有很多LCP的小纤维质穿插在poly(SA-co-BD)中,而这些LCP的小纤维质就是共混样品的模量增加的主要因素。共混后的样品在室温下有较高的模量,基本上可以和传统的工程塑料相媲美。
From an environmental perspective, biodegradable polymers produce an attractive alternative to conventional non-biodegradable products. There are much research has been done on the syntheses, physicochemical properties, and degradations of biodegradable polymers over the past few decades. Among those polymers, one of the successfully developed polymers is aliphatic polyester, such as poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), have been diffusely applied in medical and pharmaceutical areas, due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. The biodegradability of polyesters depends mainly on its chemical structure and especially on the hydrolysable ester bond in the main chain. Other factors such as molecular weight, crystallinity, stereoregularity, morphology, temperature, pH value, enzyme and microorganism also affect the biodegradation of polymers. The researches mainly focused on the synthesis, the structure of the polymers and polymer modification over the past few decades. The biodegradable mechanism is weak and could not produce the controlled biodegradable polymers. Therefore, according to the requirement and the environment, it needs to exploit the controlled biodegradation polymers through molecular design in the near future.
There are biological method and chemical method to prepare the aliphatic polyesters. The aliphatic polyesters obtained from biological synthesis are usually brittle. The molecular-weight of aliphatic polyesters obtained from chemical synthesis is low, which is not fit to be plastic products. So it is important to research on the prepared method or polymer modification.
As the length of the carbon-chain could affect the biodegradability of the aliphatic polyesters, in the present research, we use the short carbon-chain dicarboxylic acid and diols as the materials to prepare the aliphatic polyesters.
In the present research, the aliphatic polyesters and co-polyesters were prepared from fumaric acid (FA), succinic acid (SA), diethylene glycol (DEG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The biodegradability and the controlled biodegradability were investigated in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. In the present research, cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (CDBS) was purified from the crude oligomers of poly(butylene succinate). The purified CDBS was subjected to ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to obtain poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)), and compared with the poly(SA-co-BD) obtained from succinic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. In the present research, the biodegradability and other properties of the aliphatic polyesters after copolymerization, blending, and chain-extension were also investigated.
Firstly, hydroxyl terminated aliphatic polyesters and co-polyesters were prepared from fumaric acid (FA), succinic acid (SA), diethylene glycol (DEG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The effects of mole ratio of diacid to diols, reactive temperature, reactive time, the kind of catalyst, and the air pressure on polyesters were discussed. The resultant aliphatic polyester was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectrum. The results showed that, to obtain the hydroxyl terminated aliphatic polyesters, the mole ratio of diacid to diols is 6:5, SnCl2 as catalyst, esterification temperature is 150℃, polycondensation temperature is 190～200℃under low air pressure (3.3 KPa).
Secondly, the enzymatic degradation was performed in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. The biodegradability of unsaturated aliphatic polyesters poly(FA-co-DEG)、poly(FA-co-BD) was compared with the saturated aliphatic polyesters poly(SA-co-DEG) and poly(SA-co-BD). Effects of structures, compositions and cross-linking degrees of carbon-carbon double bonds of polyesters on the biodegradability were discussed. The results indicated that, the molecular weights, Tm value, and the polyester structure affect the biodegradability of aliphatic polyesters. The results also indicated that, the C=C double bonds in unsaturated aliphatic polyesters poly(FA-co-DEG) have been opened partially after heat-treatment under high temperature in air, and the higher the cross-linking degree, the slower the enzymatic degradation of poly(FA-co-DEG).
Thirdly, chain-extended polymer was prepared by the reaction of poly(FA-co-DEG),2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD). The effects of mole ratio of polyester to TDI, mole ratio of polyester to BD, reactive temperature, reactive time, and catalyst on chain-extension reaction were discussed. And the biodegradability of chain-extended polymer was also investigated. It was found that the biodegradation of the obtained chain-extended polymer was slower than that of the original unsaturated aliphatic polyester poly(FA-co-DEG). Accordingly, the degradability of the chain-extended polymer after cross-linked was slower than that of the uncross-linked polymer.
In order to investigate the peeling strength of the resulting chain-extended polymer, the effects of laminating pressure, temperature and time on peeling strength were measured. The results show that, the peeling strength of the chain-extended polymer revealed good adhesion of the polymer to fabrics. The adhesion property was affected by laminating pressure, time and temperature, because the C=C bonds were allowed to cross-link to increase the cohesive interaction of the chain-extended polymer.
Fourthly, cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (CDBS) was purified from the crude oligomers of poly(butylene succinate). The purified CDBS was subjected to ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to obtain poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)) with 1-dodecanol as the initiator and tin octoate as the catalyst. Compared with the poly(SA-co-BD) obtained from succinic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The resultant aliphatic polyester was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectrum. The results show that, ROP can obtain high-molecular-weight poly(SA-co-BD), the highest number-average molecular weight (Mn) reached about 63.3 kDa in 3 h at 220℃. The enzymatic degradation of the resultant poly(SA-co-BD) was performed in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. The results show that, the higher the molecular-weight, the slower the biodegradation.
Finally, a novel polymer blend system consisting of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP:an aromatic polyester comprising poly(4-hydroxybenzoate) sequences) was investigated in the presence and absence of a polycabodiimide (PCD) or 1, 1'-carbonyl biscaprolactam (CBC) which worked as chain extender. The properties of the resultant blend samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and tensile test. It was found that, the blend specimens containing LCP in 10-30 wt% were found to hold high dynamic storage-moduli (E'), and those containing 30 wt% of LCP showed E'reaching 9.6 GPa at room temperature. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the polymer blends revealed the fibrous structure of LCP in the poly(SA-co-BD) matrix by which efficient toughning of the injection-molded polymer blends was supported. These polymer blends can replace the conventional oil-based engineering plastics having superior mechanical properties.
我国对脂肪族聚酯的研究主要集中在合成、化学结构的表征和聚合物的改性方面,并没有从结构和降解速度的相互关系上真正揭示聚合物的降解反应机理。对降解反应机理的研究也显得很薄弱,对可降解聚合物的结构、降解性和降解反应速度之间关系的研究缺乏系统性和理论性,从而阻碍了对可降解聚合物的深入研究,现有的研究还不能达到对可控性环境降解产品开发的要求。因此根据不同用途和环境条件,并通过分子设计,开发准时可控性环境降解高分子成为的研究必要。
另外,对于脂肪族聚酯的制备方法,主要有生物法和化学法,通过生物法合成的脂肪族聚酯一般脆性很高,很难直接满足使用要求；而化学合成法制得的脂肪族聚酯大多相对分子质量较低,很难单独作为塑料制品使用。因此对于脂肪族聚酯的制备研究及其改性也成为研究的必要。
由于脂肪族二元酸和二元醇的碳链长也是影响脂肪族聚酯降解反应的主要内因之一,所以在本课题的研究中,主要采用短链的脂肪族二元酸和脂肪族二元醇作为原料来制备脂肪族聚酯。
本课题主要以反丁烯二酸(FA)和丁二羧酸(SA)为脂肪族二元酸,一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和1,4-丁二醇(BD)为脂肪族二元醇采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备脂肪族聚酯,对该聚酯的生物降解性及生物降解可控性进行研究；以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的环状二聚体(CDBS)为单体,采用开环聚合的方法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,对该聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的性能及生物降解性进行了研究,并与采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯进行对比；采用共聚、扩链、共混等方法对合成的脂肪族聚酯进行改性,研究聚酯改性后的生物降解性、生物降解可控性、热性能以及力学性能等。
首先,以反丁烯二酸(FA)和丁二羧酸(SA)为脂肪族二元酸,以一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和1,4-丁二醇(BD)为脂肪族二元醇采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备端羟基脂肪族聚酯。探讨了醇酸的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类以及体系压力的大小对聚酯影响,并通过红外光谱、核磁对聚酯的结构进行表征。研究表明,制备端羟基的脂肪族聚酯二元醇和二元酸的物质的量之比确定为n醇：n酸=6：5,催化剂为SnCl2;在氮气保护下,酯化温度为150℃,常压；缩聚温度为190-200℃,体系压力为3.3 KPa。
其次,采用质量保留率对合成的端羟基脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性和生物降解可控性进行研究。对比了以FA、DEG和BD合成的端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)、poly(FA-co-BD)和以SA、DEG和BD合成的端羟基饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(SA-co-DEG)、poly(SA-co-BD)的生物降解性；同时重点研究端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)中C=C双键的引入及其交联性对聚酯的生物降解性的影响。研究表明：脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性与聚酯的分子量、熔点Tm以及分子结构有关；另外,不饱和脂肪族二元酸合成的聚酯分子链中含有C=C不饱和双键,在空气氛中高温焙烘下,C=C双键会打开发生交联,交联度随着焙烘温度的升高和焙烘时间的延长会增加,交联后,聚酯会由线状结构变成支链结构、星形结构或是网状结构；不饱和脂肪族聚酯交联后的生物降解性会降低,且随着交联度的增加而降低。
采用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)以及BD为原料,对合成的端羟基不饱和脂肪族聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)进行扩链。研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料的摩尔比、催化剂用量等对-NCO转化率以及聚酯扩链后的性能的影响；同时对聚酯扩链后的产物的生物降解性进行了研
究。研究表明：聚酯扩链后在脂肪酶的磷酸缓冲溶液中有一定的生物降解性,但生物降解性比扩链前的聚酯poly(FA-co-DEG)的差；而聚酯扩链后的产物交联后的生物降解性较未交联的生物降解性差。将聚酯扩链后的产物作粘合剂使用,主要考察了热压压力、热压温度和热压时间对剥离强度的影响。研究表明：该粘合剂有好的剥离强度,但剥离强度与热压压力、热压时间和热压温度有关。
分离提纯聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的环状二聚体(cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol), CDBS),以纯化的CDBS为原料,十二醇为初始剂,辛酸锡为催化剂,采用开环聚合法制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(poly(SA-co-BD)),通过红外和核磁对聚酯的结构进行表征,并与直接酯化-缩聚法制备的端羟基脂肪族聚酯poly(SA-co-BD)进行了对比。研究表明：与以SA与BD为原料采用直接酯化-缩聚法制备的poly(SA-co-BD)(?)目比,开环反应温度220℃左右,在较短的反应时间内,开环聚合能得到较高分子量的poly(SA-co-BD),开环反应3h,分子量可达到63.3 KDa,而采用直接酯化-缩聚法,酯化反应4h,降低体系压力至3.3 KPa,缩聚反应2-3 h,所得聚酯的数均分子量仅为2.7 KDa。
采用酶催化降解实验对该聚丁酸丁二醇酯的生物降解性进行研究,讨论分子量大小对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯降解性的影响。研究表明：在poly(SA-co-BD)的Tg、Tm和结晶度近似相同的条件下,poly(SA-co-BD)的分子量越小,其降解速率越快。
最后,通过熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(poly(SA-co-BD))/液晶高分子聚合物(LCP)的共混物,同时加入扩链剂聚碳化二亚胺(PCD)和1,1-羰基二己内酰胺(CBC)制备了共混样品。用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段研究了poly(SA-co-BD)/LCP共混物的热性能、结晶性能、力学性能以及共混物相容性。研究结果表明：加入LCP共混后的样品具有很高的储能模量(E'),在整个测试温度变化范围内,共混样品的储能模量(E’)都高于poly(SA-co-BD)的储能模量(E'),尤其是当LCP的含量为30%时,室温下,储能模量(E')达到9.6 GPa。通过SEM观察共混样品的断面发现,在加入LCP共混后,有很多LCP的小纤维质穿插在poly(SA-co-BD)中,而这些LCP的小纤维质就是共混样品的模量增加的主要因素。共混后的样品在室温下有较高的模量,基本上可以和传统的工程塑料相媲美。
From an environmental perspective, biodegradable polymers produce an attractive alternative to conventional non-biodegradable products. There are much research has been done on the syntheses, physicochemical properties, and degradations of biodegradable polymers over the past few decades. Among those polymers, one of the successfully developed polymers is aliphatic polyester, such as poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), have been diffusely applied in medical and pharmaceutical areas, due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. The biodegradability of polyesters depends mainly on its chemical structure and especially on the hydrolysable ester bond in the main chain. Other factors such as molecular weight, crystallinity, stereoregularity, morphology, temperature, pH value, enzyme and microorganism also affect the biodegradation of polymers. The researches mainly focused on the synthesis, the structure of the polymers and polymer modification over the past few decades. The biodegradable mechanism is weak and could not produce the controlled biodegradable polymers. Therefore, according to the requirement and the environment, it needs to exploit the controlled biodegradation polymers through molecular design in the near future.
There are biological method and chemical method to prepare the aliphatic polyesters. The aliphatic polyesters obtained from biological synthesis are usually brittle. The molecular-weight of aliphatic polyesters obtained from chemical synthesis is low, which is not fit to be plastic products. So it is important to research on the prepared method or polymer modification.
As the length of the carbon-chain could affect the biodegradability of the aliphatic polyesters, in the present research, we use the short carbon-chain dicarboxylic acid and diols as the materials to prepare the aliphatic polyesters.
In the present research, the aliphatic polyesters and co-polyesters were prepared from fumaric acid (FA), succinic acid (SA), diethylene glycol (DEG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The biodegradability and the controlled biodegradability were investigated in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. In the present research, cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (CDBS) was purified from the crude oligomers of poly(butylene succinate). The purified CDBS was subjected to ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to obtain poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)), and compared with the poly(SA-co-BD) obtained from succinic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. In the present research, the biodegradability and other properties of the aliphatic polyesters after copolymerization, blending, and chain-extension were also investigated.
Firstly, hydroxyl terminated aliphatic polyesters and co-polyesters were prepared from fumaric acid (FA), succinic acid (SA), diethylene glycol (DEG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The effects of mole ratio of diacid to diols, reactive temperature, reactive time, the kind of catalyst, and the air pressure on polyesters were discussed. The resultant aliphatic polyester was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectrum. The results showed that, to obtain the hydroxyl terminated aliphatic polyesters, the mole ratio of diacid to diols is 6:5, SnCl2 as catalyst, esterification temperature is 150℃, polycondensation temperature is 190～200℃under low air pressure (3.3 KPa).
Secondly, the enzymatic degradation was performed in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. The biodegradability of unsaturated aliphatic polyesters poly(FA-co-DEG)、poly(FA-co-BD) was compared with the saturated aliphatic polyesters poly(SA-co-DEG) and poly(SA-co-BD). Effects of structures, compositions and cross-linking degrees of carbon-carbon double bonds of polyesters on the biodegradability were discussed. The results indicated that, the molecular weights, Tm value, and the polyester structure affect the biodegradability of aliphatic polyesters. The results also indicated that, the C=C double bonds in unsaturated aliphatic polyesters poly(FA-co-DEG) have been opened partially after heat-treatment under high temperature in air, and the higher the cross-linking degree, the slower the enzymatic degradation of poly(FA-co-DEG).
Thirdly, chain-extended polymer was prepared by the reaction of poly(FA-co-DEG),2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD). The effects of mole ratio of polyester to TDI, mole ratio of polyester to BD, reactive temperature, reactive time, and catalyst on chain-extension reaction were discussed. And the biodegradability of chain-extended polymer was also investigated. It was found that the biodegradation of the obtained chain-extended polymer was slower than that of the original unsaturated aliphatic polyester poly(FA-co-DEG). Accordingly, the degradability of the chain-extended polymer after cross-linked was slower than that of the uncross-linked polymer.
In order to investigate the peeling strength of the resulting chain-extended polymer, the effects of laminating pressure, temperature and time on peeling strength were measured. The results show that, the peeling strength of the chain-extended polymer revealed good adhesion of the polymer to fabrics. The adhesion property was affected by laminating pressure, time and temperature, because the C=C bonds were allowed to cross-link to increase the cohesive interaction of the chain-extended polymer.
Fourthly, cyclic dimer of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (CDBS) was purified from the crude oligomers of poly(butylene succinate). The purified CDBS was subjected to ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to obtain poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)) with 1-dodecanol as the initiator and tin octoate as the catalyst. Compared with the poly(SA-co-BD) obtained from succinic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) by melt polycondensation method. The resultant aliphatic polyester was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectrum. The results show that, ROP can obtain high-molecular-weight poly(SA-co-BD), the highest number-average molecular weight (Mn) reached about 63.3 kDa in 3 h at 220℃. The enzymatic degradation of the resultant poly(SA-co-BD) was performed in phosphate buffer solution with porcine pancreas lipase. The results show that, the higher the molecular-weight, the slower the biodegradation.
Finally, a novel polymer blend system consisting of poly(succinic acid-co-butanediol) (poly(SA-co-BD)) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP:an aromatic polyester comprising poly(4-hydroxybenzoate) sequences) was investigated in the presence and absence of a polycabodiimide (PCD) or 1, 1'-carbonyl biscaprolactam (CBC) which worked as chain extender. The properties of the resultant blend samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and tensile test. It was found that, the blend specimens containing LCP in 10-30 wt% were found to hold high dynamic storage-moduli (E'), and those containing 30 wt% of LCP showed E'reaching 9.6 GPa at room temperature. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the polymer blends revealed the fibrous structure of LCP in the poly(SA-co-BD) matrix by which efficient toughning of the injection-molded polymer blends was supported. These polymer blends can replace the conventional oil-based engineering plastics having superior mechanical properties.
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