弱凝胶深部调剖作用机理研究
|
摘要
本文通过充分调研国内外弱凝胶深部调剖技术的研究现状,针对目前油田应用广泛的弱凝胶调剖剂深部调剖作用机理研究薄弱这一问题,采用物理模拟的方法,研究弱凝胶运移的发生条件和深部放置过程中可注入性、剪切破坏性和封堵性能随注入时间、流动空间、注入介质、注入参数等因素的影响,以解决弱凝胶体系油藏实用性问题,为优化设计提供科学依据,为特高含水期深部调剖凝胶技术的推广应用奠定理论和应用基础。
通过实验研究和理论分析,取得以下主要成果:
1、建立了实验方法和模型,用一维人工填砂岩心管模拟地层中高渗带,通过多点测压方式沿程监测调剖剂及注入压力变化,研究调剖剂的特性变化规律及形成的流动阻力变化规律等。
2、弱凝胶在适宜的多孔介质中有可注入性,注入初期阻力系数随注入量(注入时间)的增加而增加,但当注入量(注入时间)达到一定值后,阻力系数趋于稳定;阻力系数与凝胶强度在入口端下降快,随深度增加也趋于稳定。
3、弱凝胶调剖适合于高渗透地层,低渗透率岩心对凝胶的剪切作用较大,但阻力系数与渗透率不完全满足反比关系,存在一个最佳渗透率区域。
4、弱凝胶强度越高,通过岩心后强度保留率也越高,在可进入的多孔介质中形成的阻力系数和残余阻力系数也就越高,但当阻力系数太高时注入困难,会导致注入过程中弱凝胶严重破坏。
5、通常情况下弱凝胶注入越快,其沿程强度损失越高,沿程阻力系数越小,特别在低流速的情况下更有利于凝胶的滞留,使岩心渗流能力下降而使阻力系数升高。
6、介质粗糙的表面有利于弱凝胶滞留,流动阻力系数比较大,但同时也加剧对凝胶的剪切破坏,使流动阻力降低。
7、弱凝胶更易进入水流通道,对水流的封堵程度远远大于对油流的封堵程度,对目的层的伤害比较小。
Weak gel has been widely applied to enhance oil recovery in deep reservoir in recentyears. But mechanism of in-depth profile modification has been seldom researched.So the work on in-depth profile modification mechanism is necessary. In this paperphysical simulation has been used to research on weak gel migration conditions andperformance of injectivity, shear, sealing characteristics along with injection time,mobile space, injection media, injection parameters separately. The objective of theresearch is to solve practicability problem of weak gel, to provide the rationale for theoptimized design, to establish the theory and the application foundation of weak gelin-depth profile modification system in reservoir with high water-cut.According to experimental study and theoretical analysis, the main achievements inthis paper are as follows:
1. The model of physical simulation and experimental method have been established.The tubes filled with sands have been used to simulate high permeability zones. Inorder to research weak gel on way characteristic and resistance change rule, multi-spots measured presses system has been used to monitor the change of weak gelin-depth profile modification agent and injection pressure.
2. Weak gel can be injected in fitting porous media. Resistance factor increases at thebeginning of injection, with injection time increasing resistance factor levels off.Both resistance factor and gel strength decrease in the inlet, with injection depthincreasing resistance factor and gel strength level off.
3. Weak gel is fit for high permeability zones. In low permeability core tubes weakgel has been sheared seriously. But the injectivity of weak gel incompletely showsdirect ratio with permeability. There is an optimal permeability range for injectionof weak gel.
4. The gel with high strength leads to high values of gel strength retention rate,
resistance factor and residual resistance factor through core tubes. But weak gel isseriously sheared and injected difficultly with high resistance factor.5. The weak gel with fast injected leads to low values of resistance factor and gelstrength. Particularly in slow injection rate weak gel detention shows very large,which makes resistance factor increase.6. Though coarse media favors detention of weak gel, it sharpens shear of weak gel.7. Weak gel prefers to entering in water communication. Water communication ismore remarkably sealed than oil communication, which can reduce damage ofsubject reservoir.
通过实验研究和理论分析,取得以下主要成果:
1、建立了实验方法和模型,用一维人工填砂岩心管模拟地层中高渗带,通过多点测压方式沿程监测调剖剂及注入压力变化,研究调剖剂的特性变化规律及形成的流动阻力变化规律等。
2、弱凝胶在适宜的多孔介质中有可注入性,注入初期阻力系数随注入量(注入时间)的增加而增加,但当注入量(注入时间)达到一定值后,阻力系数趋于稳定;阻力系数与凝胶强度在入口端下降快,随深度增加也趋于稳定。
3、弱凝胶调剖适合于高渗透地层,低渗透率岩心对凝胶的剪切作用较大,但阻力系数与渗透率不完全满足反比关系,存在一个最佳渗透率区域。
4、弱凝胶强度越高,通过岩心后强度保留率也越高,在可进入的多孔介质中形成的阻力系数和残余阻力系数也就越高,但当阻力系数太高时注入困难,会导致注入过程中弱凝胶严重破坏。
5、通常情况下弱凝胶注入越快,其沿程强度损失越高,沿程阻力系数越小,特别在低流速的情况下更有利于凝胶的滞留,使岩心渗流能力下降而使阻力系数升高。
6、介质粗糙的表面有利于弱凝胶滞留,流动阻力系数比较大,但同时也加剧对凝胶的剪切破坏,使流动阻力降低。
7、弱凝胶更易进入水流通道,对水流的封堵程度远远大于对油流的封堵程度,对目的层的伤害比较小。
Weak gel has been widely applied to enhance oil recovery in deep reservoir in recentyears. But mechanism of in-depth profile modification has been seldom researched.So the work on in-depth profile modification mechanism is necessary. In this paperphysical simulation has been used to research on weak gel migration conditions andperformance of injectivity, shear, sealing characteristics along with injection time,mobile space, injection media, injection parameters separately. The objective of theresearch is to solve practicability problem of weak gel, to provide the rationale for theoptimized design, to establish the theory and the application foundation of weak gelin-depth profile modification system in reservoir with high water-cut.According to experimental study and theoretical analysis, the main achievements inthis paper are as follows:
1. The model of physical simulation and experimental method have been established.The tubes filled with sands have been used to simulate high permeability zones. Inorder to research weak gel on way characteristic and resistance change rule, multi-spots measured presses system has been used to monitor the change of weak gelin-depth profile modification agent and injection pressure.
2. Weak gel can be injected in fitting porous media. Resistance factor increases at thebeginning of injection, with injection time increasing resistance factor levels off.Both resistance factor and gel strength decrease in the inlet, with injection depthincreasing resistance factor and gel strength level off.
3. Weak gel is fit for high permeability zones. In low permeability core tubes weakgel has been sheared seriously. But the injectivity of weak gel incompletely showsdirect ratio with permeability. There is an optimal permeability range for injectionof weak gel.
4. The gel with high strength leads to high values of gel strength retention rate,
resistance factor and residual resistance factor through core tubes. But weak gel isseriously sheared and injected difficultly with high resistance factor.5. The weak gel with fast injected leads to low values of resistance factor and gelstrength. Particularly in slow injection rate weak gel detention shows very large,which makes resistance factor increase.6. Though coarse media favors detention of weak gel, it sharpens shear of weak gel.7. Weak gel prefers to entering in water communication. Water communication ismore remarkably sealed than oil communication, which can reduce damage ofsubject reservoir.
引文
[1] 赵福麟. 油田化学. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:171
[2] 王平美,罗健辉,李宇乡,等. 弱凝胶调驱体系在岩心试验中的行为特性研究. 石油钻采工艺,2000;22(5):48
[3] Fielding Tr.R C, Gibbons D H, Legrand F P. In Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evolution of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels:An Operational Case History of North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE/DOE 27 773,1994
[4] Mack J C,Smith J E. In-Depth Colloidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency. SPE/DOE 27 780,1994
[5] 韩东. 可动胶驱油体系研究及矿场试验:[博士后论文]. 北京:石油勘探开发科学研究院,1997
[6] 田根林,鞠岩,刘玉章,等. 交联聚合物驱油机理研究. 油气采收率技术,1997,4(2)
[7] 田根林,鞠岩,刘玉章,等. 交联聚合物剪切特性及渗流规律研究. 油气采收率技术,1997,4(4)
[8] P.D.Moffitt,A. Moradi-Araghi,I. Ahmed,etc. Development and field testing of a new Low toxicity polymer crosslinking system,SPE 35173
[9] 白宝君,李字乡,刘翔鹗. 国内外化学堵水调剖技术综述.断块油气田,1998(1)
[10] P.D.Noffitt. Long-term production results of polymer treatments in producing wells in Western Kansas. JPT,1993,April
[11] Seright R S. Placement of Gels to Modify Injection Profiles. Paper SPE/DOE 17 332,1988
[12] Zaitoun A,Bertin H. Two-Phase Flow Property Modifications by Polynmer Adsorption. SPE 39 631,1998-04
[13] 刘翔鹗,龙海驤,孙洪林,等译. 第九次改善石油采收率会议译文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995-12:414~446
[14] TIORCO Inc. In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evaluation of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels:An Operational Case History In North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE 27 773,1994
[15] 郑性能. SF 胶的研制:[硕士研究生论文]. 四川南充:西南石油学院,1997
[16] 李字乡,唐孝芬,刘双成. 我国油田化学堵水调剖剂开发和应用现状.油田化学,1995(1)
[17] 刘翔鹗. 油田堵水、调剖技术的进展与展望.‘97 油田堵水技术论文集:石油工业出版社,1998
[18] 李贵斌,陈铁龙,王辉光. 弱凝胶调剖在岔河集油田的应用. 石油钻采工艺,1999.21(4),111
[19] 赵福麟. 采油化学. 高等学校教学用书:石油工业出版社,1989.5
[20] 张小平,罗跃,王正良,等. 高渗透地层选择性堵水剂 JTD 的研制与应用. 油田化学,第18 卷第 3 期,215-218
[21] Seright R S. Improved Techniques for Fluid Diversion in Oil Recovery. US DOE Contract DE-AC22-92BC 14 880,1993-10
[22] Han Ming, Shi Lianghe. An Experimental Study on the Sol/Gel Phase Transition of Linear Polymer in the Presence of Crosslinkers. Chinese Tournal of Polymer Science,1996,Vol .14,No. l
[23] Avry M R. Use of Crosslinked Xanthan Gels in Actual Profile Modification Field Projects. SPE 14 114,1986
[24] 孙景民,王喜臣,张成玉,等. 黄原胶在大港枣园油田的应用. 石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):90~92
[25] 赵景山. 提高采收率新举措——弱凝胶调驱技术. 石油知识,2003(1),19
[26] 王仲茂. 高斯采油技术. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[27] 张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉. 油气层渗流力学. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:16
[28] 刘双成,朱怀江,邓桂琴,等. 用于堵水和调剖的聚合物水基凝胶的力学性能[J]. 油田化学,1995,12(4):332~337
[29] J.E.Smith. The Transition Pressure:A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacrylamide Gel Strength. SPE 18739:473
[30] 陈铁龙,吴晓玲,肖磊,等. 孔隙阻力因子法评价胶态分散凝胶[J]. 油田化学,1998,15(2):164~167,159
[31] 李颖,牛金刚,陈福明. 交联聚合物转变压力测试方法及装置[J]. 石油仪器,2000,14(1):9~11
[32] 颜鑫,黄丽仙,葛建滨. TY–1 高温堵水剂的研究及应用. 断块油气田,2002.9(5):63~65
[33] Schramm G.著,李晓辉译,朱怀江校. 实用流变测量学[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998:5~25,72~117
[34] 石油天然气行业标准. SY/T6296-1997. 《采油用聚合物冻胶强度的测定》(S)
[35] 戴彩丽,张贵才,赵福麟. 影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究. 油田化学,2001.18(1):24~26
[36] 王平美,罗健辉,白凤鸾,等. 调驱用 RSP3 抗盐聚合物弱凝胶研制. 油田化学,2001.18(3):251~254
[37] 艾文斌. 低温铬冻胶的室内研究:[学士学位论文] . 大庆石油学院,2001
[38] 郑红译. 碳酸盐油藏油井化学胶堵水设计和现场应用. 采油工艺情报,1990.3:12~14
[39] 朱恒春. 锆冻胶堵剂. 油田化学,1989.6(1):27~31
[40] N.N.Senol. Design and Field Application of chemical gels for water control in oil water producing from naturally fractured carbonated reservoirs. SPE 17949,1989:188
[2] 王平美,罗健辉,李宇乡,等. 弱凝胶调驱体系在岩心试验中的行为特性研究. 石油钻采工艺,2000;22(5):48
[3] Fielding Tr.R C, Gibbons D H, Legrand F P. In Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evolution of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels:An Operational Case History of North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE/DOE 27 773,1994
[4] Mack J C,Smith J E. In-Depth Colloidal Dispersion Gels Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency. SPE/DOE 27 780,1994
[5] 韩东. 可动胶驱油体系研究及矿场试验:[博士后论文]. 北京:石油勘探开发科学研究院,1997
[6] 田根林,鞠岩,刘玉章,等. 交联聚合物驱油机理研究. 油气采收率技术,1997,4(2)
[7] 田根林,鞠岩,刘玉章,等. 交联聚合物剪切特性及渗流规律研究. 油气采收率技术,1997,4(4)
[8] P.D.Moffitt,A. Moradi-Araghi,I. Ahmed,etc. Development and field testing of a new Low toxicity polymer crosslinking system,SPE 35173
[9] 白宝君,李字乡,刘翔鹗. 国内外化学堵水调剖技术综述.断块油气田,1998(1)
[10] P.D.Noffitt. Long-term production results of polymer treatments in producing wells in Western Kansas. JPT,1993,April
[11] Seright R S. Placement of Gels to Modify Injection Profiles. Paper SPE/DOE 17 332,1988
[12] Zaitoun A,Bertin H. Two-Phase Flow Property Modifications by Polynmer Adsorption. SPE 39 631,1998-04
[13] 刘翔鹗,龙海驤,孙洪林,等译. 第九次改善石油采收率会议译文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995-12:414~446
[14] TIORCO Inc. In-Depth Drive Fluid Diversion Using an Evaluation of Colloidal Dispersion Gels and New Bulk Gels:An Operational Case History In North Rainbow Ranch Unit. SPE 27 773,1994
[15] 郑性能. SF 胶的研制:[硕士研究生论文]. 四川南充:西南石油学院,1997
[16] 李字乡,唐孝芬,刘双成. 我国油田化学堵水调剖剂开发和应用现状.油田化学,1995(1)
[17] 刘翔鹗. 油田堵水、调剖技术的进展与展望.‘97 油田堵水技术论文集:石油工业出版社,1998
[18] 李贵斌,陈铁龙,王辉光. 弱凝胶调剖在岔河集油田的应用. 石油钻采工艺,1999.21(4),111
[19] 赵福麟. 采油化学. 高等学校教学用书:石油工业出版社,1989.5
[20] 张小平,罗跃,王正良,等. 高渗透地层选择性堵水剂 JTD 的研制与应用. 油田化学,第18 卷第 3 期,215-218
[21] Seright R S. Improved Techniques for Fluid Diversion in Oil Recovery. US DOE Contract DE-AC22-92BC 14 880,1993-10
[22] Han Ming, Shi Lianghe. An Experimental Study on the Sol/Gel Phase Transition of Linear Polymer in the Presence of Crosslinkers. Chinese Tournal of Polymer Science,1996,Vol .14,No. l
[23] Avry M R. Use of Crosslinked Xanthan Gels in Actual Profile Modification Field Projects. SPE 14 114,1986
[24] 孙景民,王喜臣,张成玉,等. 黄原胶在大港枣园油田的应用. 石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):90~92
[25] 赵景山. 提高采收率新举措——弱凝胶调驱技术. 石油知识,2003(1),19
[26] 王仲茂. 高斯采油技术. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[27] 张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉. 油气层渗流力学. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:16
[28] 刘双成,朱怀江,邓桂琴,等. 用于堵水和调剖的聚合物水基凝胶的力学性能[J]. 油田化学,1995,12(4):332~337
[29] J.E.Smith. The Transition Pressure:A Quick Method for Quantifying Polyacrylamide Gel Strength. SPE 18739:473
[30] 陈铁龙,吴晓玲,肖磊,等. 孔隙阻力因子法评价胶态分散凝胶[J]. 油田化学,1998,15(2):164~167,159
[31] 李颖,牛金刚,陈福明. 交联聚合物转变压力测试方法及装置[J]. 石油仪器,2000,14(1):9~11
[32] 颜鑫,黄丽仙,葛建滨. TY–1 高温堵水剂的研究及应用. 断块油气田,2002.9(5):63~65
[33] Schramm G.著,李晓辉译,朱怀江校. 实用流变测量学[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998:5~25,72~117
[34] 石油天然气行业标准. SY/T6296-1997. 《采油用聚合物冻胶强度的测定》(S)
[35] 戴彩丽,张贵才,赵福麟. 影响醛冻胶成冻因素的研究. 油田化学,2001.18(1):24~26
[36] 王平美,罗健辉,白凤鸾,等. 调驱用 RSP3 抗盐聚合物弱凝胶研制. 油田化学,2001.18(3):251~254
[37] 艾文斌. 低温铬冻胶的室内研究:[学士学位论文] . 大庆石油学院,2001
[38] 郑红译. 碳酸盐油藏油井化学胶堵水设计和现场应用. 采油工艺情报,1990.3:12~14
[39] 朱恒春. 锆冻胶堵剂. 油田化学,1989.6(1):27~31
[40] N.N.Senol. Design and Field Application of chemical gels for water control in oil water producing from naturally fractured carbonated reservoirs. SPE 17949,1989:188