基于颤蚓摄食的污泥减量工艺的优化
摘要
本文利用微型动物中较易控制数量和试验条件的颤蚓作为摄食污泥的研究对象，充分利用颤蚓的生活习性，同时结合OSA减量工艺，对颤蚓摄食后的污泥进行强化减量，并对相关的工艺参数进行了优化。
对颤蚓摄食区采用间歇曝气，并对间歇曝气区进行优化的结果表明：以10分钟为一个周期，曝气3min，静置7min时颤蚓对污泥的减量效果最大，减量速率可以达到0.79 mg-SS／(mg-Tubifex·d)。通过间歇试验对颤蚓摄食后的污泥进行厌氧处理，对厌氧处理时间、污泥浓度、温度三个影响因素进行了研究，在温度为26℃时，随污泥厌氧接触时间的增加，减量效果增大，但厌氧处理接近40小时，污泥浓度趋于稳定，减量缓慢；不同起始浓度的污泥经颤蚓摄食后采用厌氧处理，减量效果跟污泥浓度正相关；同一浓度的污泥经颤蚓摄食后经温度下厌氧处理，污泥减量效果随温度的升高而升高。
在颤蚓摄食以及厌氧处理过程中，存在着C、N、P的释放。颤蚓摄食连续试验结果表明，颤蚓摄食对系统的的COD、NH_4~+-N的去除没有明显影响。由于没有排泥，TP的去除率降低，颤蚓-间歇曝气工艺TP平均去除率为3.1％。颤蚓—厌氧工艺连续试验对污水处理效果表明TN平均去除率达到30.9％，TP去除率达到56.4％，氨氮平均去除率降低，只有87.5％，颤蚓—厌氧工艺中COD平均去除率大约要小于其他两种工艺3％-5％。
OUR试验表明颤蚓—间歇曝气工艺中有机物分解活性略有降低而硝化活性增加，总的活性增大。颤蚓—厌氧工艺连续试验OUR测定表明，三种工艺中，颤蚓—厌氧工艺中总的好氧速率小于参比工艺，比颤蚓摄食工艺大，而硝化活性最高。颤蚓摄食以及颤蚓-厌氧工艺连续试验表明这两种工艺会对污泥的沉降性能产生影响，造成SVI值略有偏高。
颤蚓—厌氧工艺运行结果表明，该工艺有很好的污泥减量作用，能够对颤蚓摄食的污泥进一步强化减量，在整个运行期间，污泥基本不增长，污泥产率为-0.016g-SS／g-COD。对该工艺厌氧段的研究表明在厌氧池中存在着水解作用、氨化作用、聚磷菌的释磷作用、反硝化作用。
生物相观测表明颤蚓摄食反应器中菌胶团较分散，原、后生动物种类较少，在颤蚓—厌氧工艺好氧曝气池中由于不断地对污泥回流浓缩进入厌氧段，导致污泥中没有原生动物和后生动物存在。
通过BAClight染色表明在37℃以下短时厌氧处理，污泥中的活菌水平没有降低；而在45℃、55℃下，污泥中的活菌水平急剧降低，溶胞效果明显；颤蚓—厌氧工艺好氧曝气池中活性污泥中活菌水平得到提高。
T.tubifex, a kind of microfauna, the number and experiment conditions of which is easy to control, was used as the object of study. Using the T.tubifex's living habits fully, integrated with OSA sludge reduction technique, the sludge reduction rate was increased, the related technique parameters was optimized.
Intermittent aeration was used in the T.tubifex predation area, the experiments showed the effect of sludge reduction is best when 10 minutes used as a cycle and the aeration time —settling time is 3 minutes—7 minutes, the sludge reduction rate can reach 0.79 mg-SS/ (mg-Tubifex ·d) .By the batch experiments , T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge combined with anaerobic digestion,the three influence factors including anaerobic exposure time, MLSS and temperature were studied, when the temperature is 26°C, with sludge anaerobic exposure time increase, the effect of sludge reduction became better, when anaerobic exposure time reach 40 hours, the sludge concentration become stable , sludge reduction rate become slowly ; T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge with different MLSS for 6 hours combined with anaerobic digestion ,the effect of sludge reduction is well correlated with MLSS; T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge with the same MLSS for 6 hours combined with anaerobic digestion , when the temperature are 30℃、37℃、45℃、55℃ etc, with the temperature rise, the effect of sludge reduction became better .
The increasing rates of COD, NHU_4~+-N and TP in water caused by the predation of microfaunas and anaerobic digestion. But the increased concentration did not overload the continuous activated sludge system. COD ,NH_4~+-N and TP removals in the activated sludge process where microfaunas co-existed were not obviously influenced, because of no sludge discharge , TP removals ratio become less, in the modified activated sludge process: the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion, the TN mean removal ratio was 30.9%, TP mean removal ratio was 56.4%, NH_4~+-N mean removal ratio became less, only reached 87.5%, in the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, COD mean removal ratio is about 3%-5% less than referent technique and T.tubifex predation technique.
The OUR(oxygen use rate ) was determined , in the T.tubifex predation combined with intermittent aeration technique, sludge activity for organic carbon oxidation (OUR_o) became a little less and sludge activity for nitrification increased (OUR_n) , and OUR_t increased. In the continue experiment of T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique,, the OUR_t was letter than referent technique, and was higher than T.tubifex predation technique,, and OUR_n was the best. The T.tubifex predation technique, and T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, could influence the the sludge setteability, indicate the SVI rise.
In the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, the effect of sludge reduction became better, could increase the sludge reduction rate. In the whole experiment process , sludge couldn't increase , sludge production yield coefficient was -0.016g-SS/g-COD. In the holding tank there were hydrolysis, ammonification, phosphorus releasing and denitrification.
The biological phase observation showed the floc-forming bacteria were incompact in the system where T.tubifex predated, the kinds of protozoa and metazoan were less than referent system , and in T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion system, no protozoa and metazoan was observed.
The BACLight staining showed when the anaerobic digestion was not for along time and was below 37 centigrade ,.the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge didn't fall., but when it was 45 centigrade or 55 centigrade, the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge rapidly fall , the cell lysised evidently. In T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion system, the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge was a little higher than referent system .
对颤蚓摄食区采用间歇曝气，并对间歇曝气区进行优化的结果表明：以10分钟为一个周期，曝气3min，静置7min时颤蚓对污泥的减量效果最大，减量速率可以达到0.79 mg-SS／(mg-Tubifex·d)。通过间歇试验对颤蚓摄食后的污泥进行厌氧处理，对厌氧处理时间、污泥浓度、温度三个影响因素进行了研究，在温度为26℃时，随污泥厌氧接触时间的增加，减量效果增大，但厌氧处理接近40小时，污泥浓度趋于稳定，减量缓慢；不同起始浓度的污泥经颤蚓摄食后采用厌氧处理，减量效果跟污泥浓度正相关；同一浓度的污泥经颤蚓摄食后经温度下厌氧处理，污泥减量效果随温度的升高而升高。
在颤蚓摄食以及厌氧处理过程中，存在着C、N、P的释放。颤蚓摄食连续试验结果表明，颤蚓摄食对系统的的COD、NH_4~+-N的去除没有明显影响。由于没有排泥，TP的去除率降低，颤蚓-间歇曝气工艺TP平均去除率为3.1％。颤蚓—厌氧工艺连续试验对污水处理效果表明TN平均去除率达到30.9％，TP去除率达到56.4％，氨氮平均去除率降低，只有87.5％，颤蚓—厌氧工艺中COD平均去除率大约要小于其他两种工艺3％-5％。
OUR试验表明颤蚓—间歇曝气工艺中有机物分解活性略有降低而硝化活性增加，总的活性增大。颤蚓—厌氧工艺连续试验OUR测定表明，三种工艺中，颤蚓—厌氧工艺中总的好氧速率小于参比工艺，比颤蚓摄食工艺大，而硝化活性最高。颤蚓摄食以及颤蚓-厌氧工艺连续试验表明这两种工艺会对污泥的沉降性能产生影响，造成SVI值略有偏高。
颤蚓—厌氧工艺运行结果表明，该工艺有很好的污泥减量作用，能够对颤蚓摄食的污泥进一步强化减量，在整个运行期间，污泥基本不增长，污泥产率为-0.016g-SS／g-COD。对该工艺厌氧段的研究表明在厌氧池中存在着水解作用、氨化作用、聚磷菌的释磷作用、反硝化作用。
生物相观测表明颤蚓摄食反应器中菌胶团较分散，原、后生动物种类较少，在颤蚓—厌氧工艺好氧曝气池中由于不断地对污泥回流浓缩进入厌氧段，导致污泥中没有原生动物和后生动物存在。
通过BAClight染色表明在37℃以下短时厌氧处理，污泥中的活菌水平没有降低；而在45℃、55℃下，污泥中的活菌水平急剧降低，溶胞效果明显；颤蚓—厌氧工艺好氧曝气池中活性污泥中活菌水平得到提高。
T.tubifex, a kind of microfauna, the number and experiment conditions of which is easy to control, was used as the object of study. Using the T.tubifex's living habits fully, integrated with OSA sludge reduction technique, the sludge reduction rate was increased, the related technique parameters was optimized.
Intermittent aeration was used in the T.tubifex predation area, the experiments showed the effect of sludge reduction is best when 10 minutes used as a cycle and the aeration time —settling time is 3 minutes—7 minutes, the sludge reduction rate can reach 0.79 mg-SS/ (mg-Tubifex ·d) .By the batch experiments , T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge combined with anaerobic digestion,the three influence factors including anaerobic exposure time, MLSS and temperature were studied, when the temperature is 26°C, with sludge anaerobic exposure time increase, the effect of sludge reduction became better, when anaerobic exposure time reach 40 hours, the sludge concentration become stable , sludge reduction rate become slowly ; T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge with different MLSS for 6 hours combined with anaerobic digestion ,the effect of sludge reduction is well correlated with MLSS; T.tubifex was used to reduce sludge with the same MLSS for 6 hours combined with anaerobic digestion , when the temperature are 30℃、37℃、45℃、55℃ etc, with the temperature rise, the effect of sludge reduction became better .
The increasing rates of COD, NHU_4~+-N and TP in water caused by the predation of microfaunas and anaerobic digestion. But the increased concentration did not overload the continuous activated sludge system. COD ,NH_4~+-N and TP removals in the activated sludge process where microfaunas co-existed were not obviously influenced, because of no sludge discharge , TP removals ratio become less, in the modified activated sludge process: the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion, the TN mean removal ratio was 30.9%, TP mean removal ratio was 56.4%, NH_4~+-N mean removal ratio became less, only reached 87.5%, in the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, COD mean removal ratio is about 3%-5% less than referent technique and T.tubifex predation technique.
The OUR(oxygen use rate ) was determined , in the T.tubifex predation combined with intermittent aeration technique, sludge activity for organic carbon oxidation (OUR_o) became a little less and sludge activity for nitrification increased (OUR_n) , and OUR_t increased. In the continue experiment of T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique,, the OUR_t was letter than referent technique, and was higher than T.tubifex predation technique,, and OUR_n was the best. The T.tubifex predation technique, and T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, could influence the the sludge setteability, indicate the SVI rise.
In the T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion technique, the effect of sludge reduction became better, could increase the sludge reduction rate. In the whole experiment process , sludge couldn't increase , sludge production yield coefficient was -0.016g-SS/g-COD. In the holding tank there were hydrolysis, ammonification, phosphorus releasing and denitrification.
The biological phase observation showed the floc-forming bacteria were incompact in the system where T.tubifex predated, the kinds of protozoa and metazoan were less than referent system , and in T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion system, no protozoa and metazoan was observed.
The BACLight staining showed when the anaerobic digestion was not for along time and was below 37 centigrade ,.the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge didn't fall., but when it was 45 centigrade or 55 centigrade, the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge rapidly fall , the cell lysised evidently. In T.tubifex predation combined with anaerobic digestion system, the live bacteria ratio in the actived sludge was a little higher than referent system .
引文
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