掺镁铌酸锂晶体生长与相关准相位匹配器件的研究
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摘要
准相位匹配概念的提出已有半个多世纪,但在实际应用方面,尤其是产品的商业化方面没有很大的进展,这主要受限于准相位匹配材料。过去人们制取这种结构的材料主要集中在同成份的钽酸锂、同成份的铌酸锂(CLN)、磷酸氧钛钾(KTP)等材料上,但这些材料存在的主要问题就是矫顽场比较高,且光损伤阈值比较低。这几年主要的工作集中在改进这些材料本身的缺点上,例如生长近化学计量比的钽酸锂(SLT)和铌酸锂(SLN)就是改进材料性能的主要方面,晶体损伤阈值提高了1-2个数量级,矫顽场下降了1个数量级。本课题采用铌酸锂(LN)为基质材料,以一种比较简单实用的方法,来生长成本比较低的同成分掺镁铌酸锂晶体,并制作准相位匹配器件。
本实验在适宜的温度场和温度梯度条件下,生长出从外观上来看没有缺陷,同成分(指熔体成分和晶体成分相同,而非化学计量配比)掺Mg铌酸锂晶体(MgCLN),测试了掺镁铌酸锂晶体的性能,并对该晶体进行了单畴化处理。在准相位匹配器件方面,本论文进行了如下的工作:首先在理论上阐述了相位匹配和准相位匹配的优缺点,从理论出发,结合CLN晶体的实际特性指标,设计输出3-5μm激光的周期结构和相应的调谐方式:分析了CLN晶体中畴结构的成核、扩展等过程,制备了周期极化器件,并进行了相应的倍频试验。
The concept of quasi-phase matching has been proposed for over half of a century, but in practical applications, in particular the commercialization of products, it doesn't progress significantly, which is mainly limited to quasi-phase-matched materials. In the past, preparation of this kind of materials was focused on the structure of the material in the same ingredients: Lithium tantalite, lithium neonate (CLN), potassium titanic phosphate (KTP) and other materials, but the main problems of these materials are the coercive field is higher, and the optical damage threshold is lower. In recent years, the main work has been focused on improving the shortcomings of these materials themselves, such as the growth of near-stoichiometric lithium tantalite and lithium neonate (SLT, SLN) is to improve key aspects of material performance, Crystal damage threshold raised l-2.coercive field is decreased by an order of magnitude. This paper looks for a relatively simple and practical way to grow Mg-doped lithium neonate crystal with a lower cost and the same composition, and produces a quasi-phase-matching device.
This experiment in the appropriate temperature field and temperature gradient conditions, applying a better crystal Czochralski growth process parameters, better composition Mg-doped lithium neonate crystals (CLN) with no macro-defects and well optical homogeneity were prepared and their performance were tested, and the crystals were treated by single-domain processing. In the field of the quasi-phase matching devices, this paper carried out the following works: First of all, the strengths and weaknesses of the phase matching and quasi-phase matching were expounded in theory, combined with the actual characteristic indicators of CLN crystal, laser periodic structure with output of 3-5μm and the corresponding tuning methods were designed; the process of CLN crystal such as nucleation of domain structure, expansion and so on were analyzed, periodically poled devices were prepared, and the corresponding multiplier tests were carried out.
本实验在适宜的温度场和温度梯度条件下,生长出从外观上来看没有缺陷,同成分(指熔体成分和晶体成分相同,而非化学计量配比)掺Mg铌酸锂晶体(MgCLN),测试了掺镁铌酸锂晶体的性能,并对该晶体进行了单畴化处理。在准相位匹配器件方面,本论文进行了如下的工作:首先在理论上阐述了相位匹配和准相位匹配的优缺点,从理论出发,结合CLN晶体的实际特性指标,设计输出3-5μm激光的周期结构和相应的调谐方式:分析了CLN晶体中畴结构的成核、扩展等过程,制备了周期极化器件,并进行了相应的倍频试验。
The concept of quasi-phase matching has been proposed for over half of a century, but in practical applications, in particular the commercialization of products, it doesn't progress significantly, which is mainly limited to quasi-phase-matched materials. In the past, preparation of this kind of materials was focused on the structure of the material in the same ingredients: Lithium tantalite, lithium neonate (CLN), potassium titanic phosphate (KTP) and other materials, but the main problems of these materials are the coercive field is higher, and the optical damage threshold is lower. In recent years, the main work has been focused on improving the shortcomings of these materials themselves, such as the growth of near-stoichiometric lithium tantalite and lithium neonate (SLT, SLN) is to improve key aspects of material performance, Crystal damage threshold raised l-2.coercive field is decreased by an order of magnitude. This paper looks for a relatively simple and practical way to grow Mg-doped lithium neonate crystal with a lower cost and the same composition, and produces a quasi-phase-matching device.
This experiment in the appropriate temperature field and temperature gradient conditions, applying a better crystal Czochralski growth process parameters, better composition Mg-doped lithium neonate crystals (CLN) with no macro-defects and well optical homogeneity were prepared and their performance were tested, and the crystals were treated by single-domain processing. In the field of the quasi-phase matching devices, this paper carried out the following works: First of all, the strengths and weaknesses of the phase matching and quasi-phase matching were expounded in theory, combined with the actual characteristic indicators of CLN crystal, laser periodic structure with output of 3-5μm and the corresponding tuning methods were designed; the process of CLN crystal such as nucleation of domain structure, expansion and so on were analyzed, periodically poled devices were prepared, and the corresponding multiplier tests were carried out.
引文
[1]P.A.Franken,A.E.Hill,C.W.Peters and G.Wineries.Phys.Rev.Letts.,1961,7:118- 119
[2]D.A.Klein man.Phys.Rev.,1962,126:1977
[3]张超,朱永元等.准相位匹配材料研究新进展及应用.物理评述,2002,2(31):675-679
[4]孔勇发.铌酸锂晶体的缺陷结构及其相关问题的研究.南开大学博士后研究工作报告.1999,9:1-3
[5]Y.Furukawa,K.Kitamura,E.Suzuki,K.Nina.J.Crystal Growth,1999,197:889
[6]姚江宏,李冠告,许京军等.准相位匹配(QPM)技术研究新进展.量子电子学报,1999,16(4):289-294
[7]Ali.Adibi,Karsten Buse and Demetri Psaltis.Sensitivity Improvement in Two-center Holographic Recording.Opt.Leas.2000,(25)8:539-541
[8]董斌等.Ti:Fe:LiNbO_3晶体的生长及其光折变性能研究.无机材料学报.1998,13,3:296-302
[9]孔勇发,许进军,张光寅.多功能光电材料-铌酸锂晶体.科学出版社.
[10]D.H.Jaunt,M.M.Fever,R.G.Norwood.J.Appl.Phys,1992,72:3468
[11]倪代秦,宋友庭,吴星.第八届晶体生长会议,上海,2000,94
[12]孔勇发,刘思敏,许京军等.多功能光电材料--铌酸锂晶体.科学出版社.2005:39-41,241
[13]C.Kent,Burr.Appl.Phys.Leas,1997,70(25):3341-3343
[14]Robert G.Bathos,Dennis R.Weise,Tomas Plotter.Continuous wave 532nm pumped single resonant opzical parametrical oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO_3.Opt.Letts,1998,23(3):168-170
[15]J.M.Boon-Engorging,L.A.W.Glister,W.E.Van dear Veer.Highly efficient single-longitudinal-mode β-BaB_2O_4optical parametric oscillator with a new cavity design.Opt.Letts,1995,20(20):2087-2089
[16]S.D.Butterworth,P.G.R.Smith,D.C.Hanna,Picoseconds:sapphire pumped optical parametrical oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO_3.Opt.Letts,1997,22(9):618-620
[17]M.A.Arbors,M.Fever.Single resonant optical parametrical oscillator in periodically poled LiNbO_3 waveguides.Opt.Letts,1997,22(3):151-153
[18]张克从,张乐浦.晶体生长.北京:科学出版社,1981:421-429
[19]张克从,张乐浦.晶体生长科学与技术,科学出版社
[20]闵乃本.晶体生长的物理基础.科学出版社,1982
[21]钟维烈.铁电体体物理学.科学出版社,2000
[22]Y.F.Chen,S.W.Tarsi,S.C.Wang.High power diode-pumped nonlinear mirror mode locked Nd:YVO4 laser.Appl.Pay.B,2001,72:395-397
[23]祝世宁,高志达等.以化学计量比钽酸锂晶格为变频晶体的光参量振荡器.南京大学专利,公开号:CN1845405A
[24]L.O.Saraland,M.Erasure,G.Nankeen and A.P.Grande.Solid solution range of LiNbO_3.J.Crystal Growth,1973,18:179
[25]李铭华,杨春辉等.光折变晶体材料.科学导论科学出版社.2003,2-8
[26]J.A.Armstrong,N.Bloembergen,J.Ducking and P.S.Perham.Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric.Phys.Rev,1962,127:1918-1939
[27]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled lithium innovate:modeling fabrication and nonlinear-optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stanford University,1998
[28]V.go Alan and T.E.Mitchell.Wall velocities,switching times and the stabilization mechanism of 180° domains in congruent LiTaO_3 crystals.J.Appl.Phys,1998,83(2):941-954
[29]V.Copeland and M.C.Gupta.Observation of internal field in LiTaO_3 single crystals:Its origin and time-temperature dependence.Appl.Phys.Letts,1996,68(7):880-890
[30]G.Ault and H.Neumann.Internal bias in ferroelectric ceramics:origin and time dependence.Ferroelectrics,1988,87:109-120
[31]G.Rose man.Domain broadening in quasi-phase matched non-linear optical devices.Appl.Phys.Lerr,1998,7(7):865-867
[32]H.F.Wang,Y.Y.Zhu and N.B.Ming.Investigation of ferroelectric coercive field in LiNbO_3.Appl.Phys.A.,1997,65:437-438
[33]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled Lithium Neonate:modeling,fabrication and non-linear optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stanford University,1998
[34]L.E.Myers,R.C.Eckhart,M.M.Fever.Quasi-phase matched optical parametric oscillators in bulk periodically poled LiNbO_3.J.Opt.Soc.Am.,1995,B12(11):2102-2116
[35]Chao Shaun,W.Davis,D.D.Tauscher.Time dependence of ferroelectric coercive field after domain inversion for lithium tantalite crystal.Appl.Phys.Letts,1995,67(8):1066-1068
[36]奚元新.钥酸锉超晶格的制备及其电光效应的研究.南京大学硕士论文,2001
[37]于云翔,于建.外电场周期极化LiNbO_3的高压电源设计.光电子·激光,2003,14(12):1311-1314
[38]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled Lithium Neonates:modeling,fabrication and nonlinear optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stand ford University,1998
[39]Guha,F.J.Wu and J.Falk,IEEE J.Quantum Electron,1982,18:907
[40]陈云琳,许京军,宋峰等.外加电场极化法制备LiNbO3周期性畴反转的工艺研究[J].光学学报,2001,21(5):618-620
[41]姚江宏,陈亚辉,邓浩亮.红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(1):35-37
[2]D.A.Klein man.Phys.Rev.,1962,126:1977
[3]张超,朱永元等.准相位匹配材料研究新进展及应用.物理评述,2002,2(31):675-679
[4]孔勇发.铌酸锂晶体的缺陷结构及其相关问题的研究.南开大学博士后研究工作报告.1999,9:1-3
[5]Y.Furukawa,K.Kitamura,E.Suzuki,K.Nina.J.Crystal Growth,1999,197:889
[6]姚江宏,李冠告,许京军等.准相位匹配(QPM)技术研究新进展.量子电子学报,1999,16(4):289-294
[7]Ali.Adibi,Karsten Buse and Demetri Psaltis.Sensitivity Improvement in Two-center Holographic Recording.Opt.Leas.2000,(25)8:539-541
[8]董斌等.Ti:Fe:LiNbO_3晶体的生长及其光折变性能研究.无机材料学报.1998,13,3:296-302
[9]孔勇发,许进军,张光寅.多功能光电材料-铌酸锂晶体.科学出版社.
[10]D.H.Jaunt,M.M.Fever,R.G.Norwood.J.Appl.Phys,1992,72:3468
[11]倪代秦,宋友庭,吴星.第八届晶体生长会议,上海,2000,94
[12]孔勇发,刘思敏,许京军等.多功能光电材料--铌酸锂晶体.科学出版社.2005:39-41,241
[13]C.Kent,Burr.Appl.Phys.Leas,1997,70(25):3341-3343
[14]Robert G.Bathos,Dennis R.Weise,Tomas Plotter.Continuous wave 532nm pumped single resonant opzical parametrical oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO_3.Opt.Letts,1998,23(3):168-170
[15]J.M.Boon-Engorging,L.A.W.Glister,W.E.Van dear Veer.Highly efficient single-longitudinal-mode β-BaB_2O_4optical parametric oscillator with a new cavity design.Opt.Letts,1995,20(20):2087-2089
[16]S.D.Butterworth,P.G.R.Smith,D.C.Hanna,Picoseconds:sapphire pumped optical parametrical oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO_3.Opt.Letts,1997,22(9):618-620
[17]M.A.Arbors,M.Fever.Single resonant optical parametrical oscillator in periodically poled LiNbO_3 waveguides.Opt.Letts,1997,22(3):151-153
[18]张克从,张乐浦.晶体生长.北京:科学出版社,1981:421-429
[19]张克从,张乐浦.晶体生长科学与技术,科学出版社
[20]闵乃本.晶体生长的物理基础.科学出版社,1982
[21]钟维烈.铁电体体物理学.科学出版社,2000
[22]Y.F.Chen,S.W.Tarsi,S.C.Wang.High power diode-pumped nonlinear mirror mode locked Nd:YVO4 laser.Appl.Pay.B,2001,72:395-397
[23]祝世宁,高志达等.以化学计量比钽酸锂晶格为变频晶体的光参量振荡器.南京大学专利,公开号:CN1845405A
[24]L.O.Saraland,M.Erasure,G.Nankeen and A.P.Grande.Solid solution range of LiNbO_3.J.Crystal Growth,1973,18:179
[25]李铭华,杨春辉等.光折变晶体材料.科学导论科学出版社.2003,2-8
[26]J.A.Armstrong,N.Bloembergen,J.Ducking and P.S.Perham.Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric.Phys.Rev,1962,127:1918-1939
[27]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled lithium innovate:modeling fabrication and nonlinear-optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stanford University,1998
[28]V.go Alan and T.E.Mitchell.Wall velocities,switching times and the stabilization mechanism of 180° domains in congruent LiTaO_3 crystals.J.Appl.Phys,1998,83(2):941-954
[29]V.Copeland and M.C.Gupta.Observation of internal field in LiTaO_3 single crystals:Its origin and time-temperature dependence.Appl.Phys.Letts,1996,68(7):880-890
[30]G.Ault and H.Neumann.Internal bias in ferroelectric ceramics:origin and time dependence.Ferroelectrics,1988,87:109-120
[31]G.Rose man.Domain broadening in quasi-phase matched non-linear optical devices.Appl.Phys.Lerr,1998,7(7):865-867
[32]H.F.Wang,Y.Y.Zhu and N.B.Ming.Investigation of ferroelectric coercive field in LiNbO_3.Appl.Phys.A.,1997,65:437-438
[33]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled Lithium Neonate:modeling,fabrication and non-linear optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stanford University,1998
[34]L.E.Myers,R.C.Eckhart,M.M.Fever.Quasi-phase matched optical parametric oscillators in bulk periodically poled LiNbO_3.J.Opt.Soc.Am.,1995,B12(11):2102-2116
[35]Chao Shaun,W.Davis,D.D.Tauscher.Time dependence of ferroelectric coercive field after domain inversion for lithium tantalite crystal.Appl.Phys.Letts,1995,67(8):1066-1068
[36]奚元新.钥酸锉超晶格的制备及其电光效应的研究.南京大学硕士论文,2001
[37]于云翔,于建.外电场周期极化LiNbO_3的高压电源设计.光电子·激光,2003,14(12):1311-1314
[38]Gregory David Miller.Periodically poled Lithium Neonates:modeling,fabrication and nonlinear optical performance.Ph.D.thesis,Stand ford University,1998
[39]Guha,F.J.Wu and J.Falk,IEEE J.Quantum Electron,1982,18:907
[40]陈云琳,许京军,宋峰等.外加电场极化法制备LiNbO3周期性畴反转的工艺研究[J].光学学报,2001,21(5):618-620
[41]姚江宏,陈亚辉,邓浩亮.红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(1):35-37