边远少数民族地区初中化学新课程师资培训的改革与实践
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摘要
教师是课程改革成功的关键因素,而教师培训是教师专业发展的重要内容和主要手段。随着边远少数民族地区基础教育化学新课程改革的启动和深入,化学教师培训已成为当务之急。化学教师培训首先应当转变观念,要以课程改革的新理念指导教师培训;其次,应以创新的思路设计科学的培训策略,选择符合教师专业发展的培训内容;再次,应以提高教师的教学素质和教学能力为重心,以推进和深化边远少数民族地区基础教育化学新课程改革和全面提升化学教师整体的专业发展水平为总目标。
本论文主要阐述了初中化学新课改的理念及教师专业化发展的理论基础和现实意义,介绍了发达国家和我国中学教师在职培训的现状及发展趋势,明确了边远少数民族地区化学教师培训的重要性和必要性,通过问卷访谈,对锡林郭勒盟部分学校课改情况进行了调查研究,了解到绝大多数基层教师在教学理念、教学行为、教学方式、教学评价等方面存在一些问题。针对这些问题,在边远少数民族地区初中化学教师培训需求背景的调查基础上,锡林郭勒职业学院抽调部分业务骨干,成立课题研究小组,立项进行研究,我和另外两位教师承担了该课题的子课题——“初中化学新课程师资培训模式”的研究。课题研究设计的培训思路是强调终身学习、面向全体教师、凸现学科特点、注重探究学习。按照这一培训思路,提出了具体的培训策略,展开了中学化学教师“研训一体化”课程培训,以“课例研究”为主要形式的校本培训,面向农、牧区教师的巡回流动培训。通过对学员的问卷访谈和培训效果的验收,结果认为“研训一体化”课程培训和以“课例研究”为主要形式的校本培训对转变边远少数民族地区化学教师的教学理念、提高他们实施新课改的能力是非常有效的。经过培训,许多教师转变了多年以来养成的教学习惯,在课改的过程中学会了交流合作,能够充分发挥教育合力的作用;学会了教学研究,具备了浓厚的科研意识;学会了教学反思,能够积极地发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,全面提升了化学教师整体的专业发展水平,有效地推进和深化了边远少数民族地区基础教育化学新课程改革的实施。
最后,建议教育行政部门和教师培训机构应更加关注培训者的培训,努力提高培训者的素质,为教师培训提供更多更好的政策和资金上的帮助,以利于边远少数民族地区教师培训工作的发展。
Teachers play an important role in the success of education reform, whose training proves to be the main content as well as the chief means of developing teachers’majors. With the start and development of basic chemistry course reform in the rural regions, teachers’training turns out to be necessary, in which classical views should be switched, and the new theory as to course reform should be appointed the guide. What’s more, in the training, scientific and creative training policy is supposed to be adopted to match the content which is intended to meet the demands of the development of teachers’major. On the other hand, teacher training must be focused on improving teachers’teaching qualification and ability with the final goal of advancing the chemistry teaching reform, thus promoting all the chemistry teachers’standard.
This essay mainly deals with the theory of chemistry teaching reform as well as the base and the realistic significance of chemistry teachers’major development. Besides, the importance and necessity of teachers’training in the areas inhabited by minorities is stated together with the introduction of the present situation and the trend of professional training of the teachers in developed areas at home and abroad. According to a questionnaire and an interview, investigation has been made in several schools in Xilingol League to get a clearer idea of teaching views teaching activities, methods and assessment, meanwhile, problems have been found. Based on these problems, Xilingol League Profession Training College has set up a research group for the project. The writer and two other teachers have made part of the research entitled Training Model in New Curriculum for Junior Chemistry. This research emphasizes the lifelong learning, training for all the teachers, displaying the specific characteristics of subject and making teaching researches. According to these thoughts, detailed training strategies have been put forward, that is, training- researching at the same time for chemistry teachers in middle schools. The survey has been made on teachers’training and issues concerned about it in less developed regions, for which the new round training tactics and theory for junior middle school chemistry teachers training is discussed in the essay.
Based on the survey of the need for chemistry teacher training in the minorities—inhabited regions, chemistry training in the form of study-training program and teaching case research is carried out, as a result of which, teachers in the regions have greatly improved in both teaching ability and the ability to carry out the teaching reform, as is reflected in face-to-face talk with the trainees.
Finally, it is proposed that the education department and training organization should pay special attention to the teachers’training, providing more financial and political aids to make the training more effective and to promote the teachers’training in remote minority areas.
本论文主要阐述了初中化学新课改的理念及教师专业化发展的理论基础和现实意义,介绍了发达国家和我国中学教师在职培训的现状及发展趋势,明确了边远少数民族地区化学教师培训的重要性和必要性,通过问卷访谈,对锡林郭勒盟部分学校课改情况进行了调查研究,了解到绝大多数基层教师在教学理念、教学行为、教学方式、教学评价等方面存在一些问题。针对这些问题,在边远少数民族地区初中化学教师培训需求背景的调查基础上,锡林郭勒职业学院抽调部分业务骨干,成立课题研究小组,立项进行研究,我和另外两位教师承担了该课题的子课题——“初中化学新课程师资培训模式”的研究。课题研究设计的培训思路是强调终身学习、面向全体教师、凸现学科特点、注重探究学习。按照这一培训思路,提出了具体的培训策略,展开了中学化学教师“研训一体化”课程培训,以“课例研究”为主要形式的校本培训,面向农、牧区教师的巡回流动培训。通过对学员的问卷访谈和培训效果的验收,结果认为“研训一体化”课程培训和以“课例研究”为主要形式的校本培训对转变边远少数民族地区化学教师的教学理念、提高他们实施新课改的能力是非常有效的。经过培训,许多教师转变了多年以来养成的教学习惯,在课改的过程中学会了交流合作,能够充分发挥教育合力的作用;学会了教学研究,具备了浓厚的科研意识;学会了教学反思,能够积极地发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,全面提升了化学教师整体的专业发展水平,有效地推进和深化了边远少数民族地区基础教育化学新课程改革的实施。
最后,建议教育行政部门和教师培训机构应更加关注培训者的培训,努力提高培训者的素质,为教师培训提供更多更好的政策和资金上的帮助,以利于边远少数民族地区教师培训工作的发展。
Teachers play an important role in the success of education reform, whose training proves to be the main content as well as the chief means of developing teachers’majors. With the start and development of basic chemistry course reform in the rural regions, teachers’training turns out to be necessary, in which classical views should be switched, and the new theory as to course reform should be appointed the guide. What’s more, in the training, scientific and creative training policy is supposed to be adopted to match the content which is intended to meet the demands of the development of teachers’major. On the other hand, teacher training must be focused on improving teachers’teaching qualification and ability with the final goal of advancing the chemistry teaching reform, thus promoting all the chemistry teachers’standard.
This essay mainly deals with the theory of chemistry teaching reform as well as the base and the realistic significance of chemistry teachers’major development. Besides, the importance and necessity of teachers’training in the areas inhabited by minorities is stated together with the introduction of the present situation and the trend of professional training of the teachers in developed areas at home and abroad. According to a questionnaire and an interview, investigation has been made in several schools in Xilingol League to get a clearer idea of teaching views teaching activities, methods and assessment, meanwhile, problems have been found. Based on these problems, Xilingol League Profession Training College has set up a research group for the project. The writer and two other teachers have made part of the research entitled Training Model in New Curriculum for Junior Chemistry. This research emphasizes the lifelong learning, training for all the teachers, displaying the specific characteristics of subject and making teaching researches. According to these thoughts, detailed training strategies have been put forward, that is, training- researching at the same time for chemistry teachers in middle schools. The survey has been made on teachers’training and issues concerned about it in less developed regions, for which the new round training tactics and theory for junior middle school chemistry teachers training is discussed in the essay.
Based on the survey of the need for chemistry teacher training in the minorities—inhabited regions, chemistry training in the form of study-training program and teaching case research is carried out, as a result of which, teachers in the regions have greatly improved in both teaching ability and the ability to carry out the teaching reform, as is reflected in face-to-face talk with the trainees.
Finally, it is proposed that the education department and training organization should pay special attention to the teachers’training, providing more financial and political aids to make the training more effective and to promote the teachers’training in remote minority areas.
引文
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[16]徐秀华.英国的在职教师培训及其借鉴[J].中小学教师培训,2004(8):61-63
[17]洪明.英国教师教育的变革趋势[J].比较教育研究,2003(4):10-12
[18]张贵新.对德国教师教育的思考[J].中小学教师培训,2004(10):59-62
[19]教育部师范教育司,更新培训观念 变更培训模式—中小学教师继续教育学习提要[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2001
[20]管培俊.加强新课程师资培训,支持基础教育课程改革----在全国基础教育课程改革实验工作座谈会上的讲话[J].中小学教师培训,2004(1):4-6.
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[22]廖霆.新课程理念下教师培训的几点思考[J].宜宾学院学报,2005(3):114-117
[23]王守海,柴颖.新形式下对教师培训工作的思考[J].辽宁教育行政学院学报,2004(3):103-104
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[1] 路树萍,研究性学习与中学化学教学初探,内蒙古师范大学学报自然科学(汉文)版, 2005,34(4),162-163(增刊)
[2] 路树萍,面向新课程的化学教师角色的再定位,内蒙古师范大学学报自然科学(汉文)版, 2006,35(4),141-142(增刊)
[3] 路树萍,初中化学新课程师资培训的调查分析,内蒙古师范大学学报自然科学(汉文)版, 2006,35(4),143-144(增刊)
[2] 何金兰,刘一兵.初中化学教学理念与教学示例[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2004
[3] 中华人民共和国教育部,全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)[M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001
[4] 王磊.化学比较教育[M].南宁:广西教育出版社,2005
[5] 杨曦,冉鸣.当代基础化学课程革新进展综述[J]. 成都教育学院学报,2005(7):37-38
[6] 刘克文.试论当前中学化学课程改革与发展的主要趋势[J].课程 .教材 .教法, 2003(5):67-70
[7] 刘克文.初中化学新课程教学法 [M]. 北京:开明出版社,2003
[8] 毕华林.新理念 .新课程 .新挑战 ——国家化学课程标准与中学化学教学改革[J]. 山东教育,2002(3):24-28
[9] 李建平.课程改革对教师提出全新挑战[J]. 教育发展研究,2002(1):16-20
[10]罗春娥.化学课程改革与教师角色的转变[J]. 达县师范高等专科学校学报(教育教学研究专辑),2005(6):152-154
[11]教育部师范教育司,教师专业化的理论与实践[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社,2003
[12]曾继耘.目前国外教师在职培训的基本特征[J].中国成人教育,1999(9):25-28
[13]李斌. 发达国家中小学教师培训发展的共同趋势[J].成人教育,2004(5):78-80
[14]张贵新.发达国家中小学教师继续教育发展趋势及对我国的启示[J].外国教育研究,2000(5):7-10
[15]徐娟.以中小学为基地:英国教师培训模式及其启示[J].大学教育科学,2007(1):17-19
[16]徐秀华.英国的在职教师培训及其借鉴[J].中小学教师培训,2004(8):61-63
[17]洪明.英国教师教育的变革趋势[J].比较教育研究,2003(4):10-12
[18]张贵新.对德国教师教育的思考[J].中小学教师培训,2004(10):59-62
[19]教育部师范教育司,更新培训观念 变更培训模式—中小学教师继续教育学习提要[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2001
[20]管培俊.加强新课程师资培训,支持基础教育课程改革----在全国基础教育课程改革实验工作座谈会上的讲话[J].中小学教师培训,2004(1):4-6.
[21]吕萍,严芳.试论当前教师培训中存在的主要问题及其对策[J].中小学教师培训,2005(11):10-12
[22]廖霆.新课程理念下教师培训的几点思考[J].宜宾学院学报,2005(3):114-117
[23]王守海,柴颖.新形式下对教师培训工作的思考[J].辽宁教育行政学院学报,2004(3):103-104
[24]王磊,毕华林. 基础教育新课程师资培训指导(初中化学) [M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2003
[25]鱼霞,毛亚庆.论有效的教师培训[J].教师教育研究,2004(1):14-19
[26]吴星.化学新课程中的科学探究[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[27]金岳祥.新课程改革背景下教师培训范式的转换 [J].教育探索 ,2004(8):109-111
[28]周小山,严先元.更新教师教育观念,变革新课程的教师培训模式[J].中小学教师培训,2002(8):5-8
[29]周耀威,卢鹏程.走向”反思式”校本培训[J].宁波教育学院学报,2001(12):42-46
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