高中化学课程资源的开发与利用研究
摘要
随着我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的不断推进,课程资源的开发与利用问题逐步引起了社会各界的广泛重视。人们深刻地认识到,丰富多样的课程资源是新课程实施的条件,没有课程资源广泛的支持,再美好的课程改革设想也很难变成中小学的实际教育行为。同时,课程资源的开发与利用对于转变课程功能、学生学习的方式、促进教师发展等方面都有重要的意义。
高中新课改革前单一固化的规定性课程改变为多样选择的菜单式课程,使课程资源的意义和作用更加凸显出来。普通高中不仅需要结构完整、内容丰富的课程资源,还需要教师识别与捕捉、挖掘和利用、开发与生成课程资源的意识和能力,需要学校具有良好的资源环境、优化的资源配置和合理利用资源的机制。
本研究主要从三个方面来探讨化学课程资源开发与利用:首先对化学课程资源进行界定与分类;其次,面对丰富的课程资源,如何挖掘出课程资源的最大教育价值,筛选机制的理论依据、遵循原则;最后,对化学课程资源的开发与利用途径应从教育行政管理部门、学校、实验室、教师、社区五方面入手。
化学课程资源只有进入课程实施现场,介入学生的学习过程,才能最终体现化学课程资源的价值和意义。面对丰富广泛的课程资源,对教师来说,就应该认真思考选择的课程资源是否与化学教学的具体特点相符合。即课程资源的利用与开发,一是必须选择那些具有最大价值的教育资源,且有助于该学科目标的实现;二是符合该学科教学所在地的“地情”和学校的“校情”,并遵循实用性和经济性的原则。普通高中新课程改革方案特别强调模块教学,每门课程设置了相应的必修模块和选修模块。本文认为在必修模块中要重视基本概念和基本方法的获得,并提出了课程资源开发与利用的教学建议,通过教学案例设计展示课程资源的开发与利用。在选修模块中考虑到学生的差异及发展的多元化,也提出了教学建议,通过学生在化学实验中独立设计实验,来培养学生的综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。
With the promotion of new fundamental educational reform, thedevelopment and utilization of curriculum resource has attracted theattention of people all over the society. It is deeply believed thatvarious curriculum resources are the precondition of application of thenew curriculum. Without support of curriculum resource the most elaborateproject can hardly be turned into the actual teaching activities. At thesame time, the development and utilization of curriculum resource is ofgreat significance to transforming the curriculum function and students'learning style, and promoting teachers' development.
Uniform and fixed curriculum before new curriculum reform of seniorhigh school being changed into multi-selected menu-typed curriculum, thesignificance and function of curriculum resource are visualized. Thesenior high school needs not only curriculum with integrated structureand abundant content but also the teachers' awareness and competence ofidentifying and capturing, exploring and utilizing, developing andbuilding the curriculum resource. In addition, the school also needsfavorable resource environment, optimized resource arrangement andsystem with reasonably utilized resource.
In this paper, the author tries to discuss the development andutilization of chemistry curriculum resource. First, define and classifythe chemistry curriculum resource. Second, find the maximal educationalvalue within various curriculum resources and the theoretical system andprinciples of selection. Last, the developing and utilizing approach ofcurriculum resource should be formulated in 5 aspects: educationaladministration departments, school, laboratory, teacher, and community.
Only chemistry curriculum resource enters into the scene of curriculumapplication and involves the students' learning process can itultimately embody the value and significance of chemistry curriculum
resource. Faced with various curriculum resources teachers should reflectwhether the selected curriculum resource is fit for the trait of chemistryteaching. That is, to develop and utilize the curriculum resource, first,we should choose the most valued educational resource contributing toachieving the teaching objective. Second, the curriculum resource shouldadapt to not only the situation of locality but also of the school, andshould follow the economical and practical principles.The project of new curriculum reform of senior high school emphasizesthe modular teaching. Each subject comprises corresponding compulsory andelective modules. The author argues that the acquisition of basic conceptsand methods should be emphasized and puts forward the teaching advice ondeveloping and utilizing curriculum resources, and demonstrates it bydesigning the teaching cases. Considering the differences and multipledevelopment of the students in elective modules teaching advice is alsoadvanced that we can develop the students' abilities to analyze and solveproblems by making the students design experiments independently inchemistry experiment.
高中新课改革前单一固化的规定性课程改变为多样选择的菜单式课程,使课程资源的意义和作用更加凸显出来。普通高中不仅需要结构完整、内容丰富的课程资源,还需要教师识别与捕捉、挖掘和利用、开发与生成课程资源的意识和能力,需要学校具有良好的资源环境、优化的资源配置和合理利用资源的机制。
本研究主要从三个方面来探讨化学课程资源开发与利用:首先对化学课程资源进行界定与分类;其次,面对丰富的课程资源,如何挖掘出课程资源的最大教育价值,筛选机制的理论依据、遵循原则;最后,对化学课程资源的开发与利用途径应从教育行政管理部门、学校、实验室、教师、社区五方面入手。
化学课程资源只有进入课程实施现场,介入学生的学习过程,才能最终体现化学课程资源的价值和意义。面对丰富广泛的课程资源,对教师来说,就应该认真思考选择的课程资源是否与化学教学的具体特点相符合。即课程资源的利用与开发,一是必须选择那些具有最大价值的教育资源,且有助于该学科目标的实现;二是符合该学科教学所在地的“地情”和学校的“校情”,并遵循实用性和经济性的原则。普通高中新课程改革方案特别强调模块教学,每门课程设置了相应的必修模块和选修模块。本文认为在必修模块中要重视基本概念和基本方法的获得,并提出了课程资源开发与利用的教学建议,通过教学案例设计展示课程资源的开发与利用。在选修模块中考虑到学生的差异及发展的多元化,也提出了教学建议,通过学生在化学实验中独立设计实验,来培养学生的综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。
With the promotion of new fundamental educational reform, thedevelopment and utilization of curriculum resource has attracted theattention of people all over the society. It is deeply believed thatvarious curriculum resources are the precondition of application of thenew curriculum. Without support of curriculum resource the most elaborateproject can hardly be turned into the actual teaching activities. At thesame time, the development and utilization of curriculum resource is ofgreat significance to transforming the curriculum function and students'learning style, and promoting teachers' development.
Uniform and fixed curriculum before new curriculum reform of seniorhigh school being changed into multi-selected menu-typed curriculum, thesignificance and function of curriculum resource are visualized. Thesenior high school needs not only curriculum with integrated structureand abundant content but also the teachers' awareness and competence ofidentifying and capturing, exploring and utilizing, developing andbuilding the curriculum resource. In addition, the school also needsfavorable resource environment, optimized resource arrangement andsystem with reasonably utilized resource.
In this paper, the author tries to discuss the development andutilization of chemistry curriculum resource. First, define and classifythe chemistry curriculum resource. Second, find the maximal educationalvalue within various curriculum resources and the theoretical system andprinciples of selection. Last, the developing and utilizing approach ofcurriculum resource should be formulated in 5 aspects: educationaladministration departments, school, laboratory, teacher, and community.
Only chemistry curriculum resource enters into the scene of curriculumapplication and involves the students' learning process can itultimately embody the value and significance of chemistry curriculum
resource. Faced with various curriculum resources teachers should reflectwhether the selected curriculum resource is fit for the trait of chemistryteaching. That is, to develop and utilize the curriculum resource, first,we should choose the most valued educational resource contributing toachieving the teaching objective. Second, the curriculum resource shouldadapt to not only the situation of locality but also of the school, andshould follow the economical and practical principles.The project of new curriculum reform of senior high school emphasizesthe modular teaching. Each subject comprises corresponding compulsory andelective modules. The author argues that the acquisition of basic conceptsand methods should be emphasized and puts forward the teaching advice ondeveloping and utilizing curriculum resources, and demonstrates it bydesigning the teaching cases. Considering the differences and multipledevelopment of the students in elective modules teaching advice is alsoadvanced that we can develop the students' abilities to analyze and solveproblems by making the students design experiments independently inchemistry experiment.
引文
[1] 转引自拉尔夫泰勒著 施良方译《课程与教学基本原理》.人民教育出版社,1994 年 1 月
[2] Daniel Tanner Laurel N. Tanner, Curriculum Development: Theory into Practice,2nd ed. ,New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1980,p.79
[3] [美国]小威廉姆.E.多尔著 王红宇译《后现代课程论》.教育科学出版社,2001 年 9 月
[4] 顾明远著.教育大辞典·教育经济学第 6 卷“教育资源”词条.上海:上海教育出版社,1997
[5] 徐继存,段兆兵,陈琼.论课程资源及其开发与利用.学科教育,2002(2)
[6] 吴刚平,樊莹著.课程资源的建设中的几个认识问题.教育理论与实践,2001.(7)
[7] 范蔚.实施综合实践活动对课程资源的开发与利用.教育科学研究,2002(3)
[8] 吴刚平著.课程资源的理论构想.教育研究,2001(9)
[9] 吴刚平著.课程资源的筛选机制和开发利用途径.上海教育,2001(12)
[10] 杨承印,李晓利.用绿色化学的观念改革实验室制氧方法.中学化学教学参考,2002(7)
[11] 王建丽,张娟.在化学课改中加强实验教学培养学生创新精神.教学仪器与实验,2002(7)
[12] 刘木森.化学教学与当地生态环境相结合的探究.化学教学,2002(5)
[13] 毕华林主编.《化学新课程理念与实施》.济南:山东教育出版社,2004.7
1.教育部组织.《化学课程标准的研修》.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.7
2.教育部组织.《化学课程标准的解读(实验稿)》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2004.7
3.教育部组织.《课程资源的开发与利用》.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.3
4.毕华林主编.《化学新课程理念与实施》.济南:山东教育出版社,2004.7
5.朱越,岳刚德主编.《高中化学新课程理念与实施》.海南:海南出版社,2004.4
6.教育部《基础教育课程》编辑部组织编写《中学新课标资源库 化学卷》.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2004.2
7.刘旭东等著.《校本课程与课程资源的开发》.北京:中国人事出版社,
8.高剑南,王祖浩主编.《化学教育展望》.上海:华东师范大学出版社
9.毕华林等编著.《化学新教材开发与使用》.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
10.范兆雄著.《课程资源概论》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.12
11.姚磊明等著.《化学、人类社会与化学教育》.武汉:华中理工大学出版社
12.王升主编.《研究性学习的理论与实践》.北京:教育科学出版社,2002.7
13.(美)Marsha Weil 等著;荆建华等译.《教学模式》.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002.1
14.余武著.信息化教学资源的开发与建议.中国电化教育,2000(7)
15.顾明远著.教育大辞典·教育经济学第 6 卷“教育资源”词条.上海:上海教育出版社,1997
16.吴刚平著.课程资源的筛选机制和开发利用途径.上海教育,2001(12)
17.徐继存,段兆兵,陈琼.论课程资源及其开发与利用.学科教育,2002(2)
18.段兆兵.课程资源的内涵与有效开发.课程·教材·教法,2003(3)
19.林长春.论化学实验教学资源及其开发策略.中国教育学刊,2004(3)
20.朱煜.历史学科课程资源的开发与利用.课程·教材·教法,2002(9)
21.郭根福.语文课程资源的开发与利用.教育科学研究,2004(3)
22.刘克文.试论当前中学化学课程改革与发展的主要趋势.课程·教材·教法,2003(5)
23.陈佑清.课程即发展资源:对课程本质理解的一个新视角.课程·教材·教法,2003(11)
24.吴晓玲.教学琐事”:一种珍贵的课程资源.课程·教材·教法,2003(3)
25.李桂福.物理教学中课程资源的开发和利用.学科教育,2004(4)
26.文庆城等.谈化学教学过程中生成性教学资源及利用.化学教育,2004(12)
27.董海芳.关于义务教育化学教材类课程资源开发与利用的几点思考.中学化学教学参考,2004(12)
28.王平龙.运用教学媒体的体会.化学教育,2004(12)
29.钟启泉编著.《现代课程论》.上海:上海教育出版社,2003.10
30.邓小丽,方明生等编著.《研究性学习案例解析》.上海:上海教育出版社,2003.12
[2] Daniel Tanner Laurel N. Tanner, Curriculum Development: Theory into Practice,2nd ed. ,New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1980,p.79
[3] [美国]小威廉姆.E.多尔著 王红宇译《后现代课程论》.教育科学出版社,2001 年 9 月
[4] 顾明远著.教育大辞典·教育经济学第 6 卷“教育资源”词条.上海:上海教育出版社,1997
[5] 徐继存,段兆兵,陈琼.论课程资源及其开发与利用.学科教育,2002(2)
[6] 吴刚平,樊莹著.课程资源的建设中的几个认识问题.教育理论与实践,2001.(7)
[7] 范蔚.实施综合实践活动对课程资源的开发与利用.教育科学研究,2002(3)
[8] 吴刚平著.课程资源的理论构想.教育研究,2001(9)
[9] 吴刚平著.课程资源的筛选机制和开发利用途径.上海教育,2001(12)
[10] 杨承印,李晓利.用绿色化学的观念改革实验室制氧方法.中学化学教学参考,2002(7)
[11] 王建丽,张娟.在化学课改中加强实验教学培养学生创新精神.教学仪器与实验,2002(7)
[12] 刘木森.化学教学与当地生态环境相结合的探究.化学教学,2002(5)
[13] 毕华林主编.《化学新课程理念与实施》.济南:山东教育出版社,2004.7
1.教育部组织.《化学课程标准的研修》.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.7
2.教育部组织.《化学课程标准的解读(实验稿)》.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2004.7
3.教育部组织.《课程资源的开发与利用》.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.3
4.毕华林主编.《化学新课程理念与实施》.济南:山东教育出版社,2004.7
5.朱越,岳刚德主编.《高中化学新课程理念与实施》.海南:海南出版社,2004.4
6.教育部《基础教育课程》编辑部组织编写《中学新课标资源库 化学卷》.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2004.2
7.刘旭东等著.《校本课程与课程资源的开发》.北京:中国人事出版社,
8.高剑南,王祖浩主编.《化学教育展望》.上海:华东师范大学出版社
9.毕华林等编著.《化学新教材开发与使用》.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
10.范兆雄著.《课程资源概论》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.12
11.姚磊明等著.《化学、人类社会与化学教育》.武汉:华中理工大学出版社
12.王升主编.《研究性学习的理论与实践》.北京:教育科学出版社,2002.7
13.(美)Marsha Weil 等著;荆建华等译.《教学模式》.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002.1
14.余武著.信息化教学资源的开发与建议.中国电化教育,2000(7)
15.顾明远著.教育大辞典·教育经济学第 6 卷“教育资源”词条.上海:上海教育出版社,1997
16.吴刚平著.课程资源的筛选机制和开发利用途径.上海教育,2001(12)
17.徐继存,段兆兵,陈琼.论课程资源及其开发与利用.学科教育,2002(2)
18.段兆兵.课程资源的内涵与有效开发.课程·教材·教法,2003(3)
19.林长春.论化学实验教学资源及其开发策略.中国教育学刊,2004(3)
20.朱煜.历史学科课程资源的开发与利用.课程·教材·教法,2002(9)
21.郭根福.语文课程资源的开发与利用.教育科学研究,2004(3)
22.刘克文.试论当前中学化学课程改革与发展的主要趋势.课程·教材·教法,2003(5)
23.陈佑清.课程即发展资源:对课程本质理解的一个新视角.课程·教材·教法,2003(11)
24.吴晓玲.教学琐事”:一种珍贵的课程资源.课程·教材·教法,2003(3)
25.李桂福.物理教学中课程资源的开发和利用.学科教育,2004(4)
26.文庆城等.谈化学教学过程中生成性教学资源及利用.化学教育,2004(12)
27.董海芳.关于义务教育化学教材类课程资源开发与利用的几点思考.中学化学教学参考,2004(12)
28.王平龙.运用教学媒体的体会.化学教育,2004(12)
29.钟启泉编著.《现代课程论》.上海:上海教育出版社,2003.10
30.邓小丽,方明生等编著.《研究性学习案例解析》.上海:上海教育出版社,2003.12