双排孔封底砌块承重墙片抗震性能试验研究
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摘要
摘 要
双排孔封底混凝土砌块承重墙体系是一种目前在上海广市泛应用的新型承
重墙结构体系。通过调整配方及成型参数，双排孔空心砌块可作承重墙体材料。
这种砌块孔型结构合理，产品性能优良，克服了原单排二孔砌块隔热保温性能差、
墙体易裂缝、易渗水等缺点，提高了保温、隔热、隔音效果；同时，这种砌块有
利于水电气等管道安装和配件敷设，弥补了单排孔砌块孔壁在管线敷设时切割凿
洞破坏、影响墙体承载能力的不足，而且更有利于住户的二次装修。
随着国家禁止使用实心粘土砖政策的出台，混凝土砌块得到了广泛的应用。
然而，我国三分之二以上大中型城市处于地震多发区，这种性能优良的双排孔封
底混凝土砌块抗震性能的优劣将是制约其推广和大面积应用的一个重要因素。因
此，研究双排孔封底混凝土砌块墙体的抗震性能不仅具有理论价值，而且具有重
要的现实意义。
本文通过六个足尺双排孔封底混凝土砌块承重墙试件在低周反复荷载下的
静力试验，研究了该种砌块承重墙体系墙片单元的抗震性能。由于双排孔封底砌
块的块形特点，试验中只考虑了水平配筋与不配筋两种情况，而水平配筋则分为
两种形式，即水平灰缝配筋和系梁块水平配筋。在试验的基础上，分析了墙片单
元的破坏特征和滞回性能，得到了承载力、刚度、延性和耗能等方面的实测数据，
并据此推导了这种多排孔墙片的抗剪承载力验算公式。试验及分析表明，带构造
柱且水平配筋的双排孔封底混凝土砌块墙片具有良好的抗震性能，可以满足地震
区的使用要求。
本文还研究了砌块建筑的抗裂问题，进行了八种加气砌块复合墙体的抗裂缝
试验。结果表明，水泥砂浆+弹性腻子、石膏砂浆+网格布、石膏板（无缝）这三
种是较好的复合材料，具有较好的抗裂性能。
At present, the structure of two- row- hole sealing concrete block bearing walls is
one of the four building systems of concrete hollow blocks prevailed in Shanghai. The
two-row-hole sealing concrete block is a kind of new material in building, and has
many advantages. Adjusted formula and parameter, they may be used as material of
bearing wall. The blocks, with reasonable structure and excellent performance, can
help in settling some disadvantages of small hollow concrete (SHC) blocks, for
instance, the bad capability of heat insulation and preservation, the brittleness, and the
aptness to be infiltrated by water; two-row-hole concrete blocks improve the
buildings’ performance of heat preservation and insulation, sound insulation, as well
as benefit to the fittings of the pipelines of water, electricity and gas, and avoid the
breakage of incising and holing for hole-wall of SHC blocks. In addition, they have
more advantages for second-fitment.
Publishing country policy of forbidding using solid clay brick, concrete block is
widely used. In our country, about two-thirds city of big or middle city is in
earthquake field, because anti-seismic performance is a main element restricting
spreading and used widely for this two-row-hole sealing block, it has both theory
value and important practical significance to research of this wall.
Anti-seismic performance of two- row- hole sealing concrete block bearing walls is
deeply studied in this thesis. Experiments are carried out to study on the seismic
behavior including six whole scale specimens under the cyclic loadings. According to
the shape of the blocks, experiments of both reinforcement only in horizon and
un-reinforcement are considered, and in the former，reinforcement of both in
horizontal mortar gaps and in ring beam block reinforcement are carried. Based on the
experiments, failure characters and hysteretic behaviors are analyzed. Other behaviors
including load carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility and capacity of energy dissipation
etc. It is shown that the level reinforcement bearing wall with this concrete blocks
have good anti-seismic behaviors.
In this thesis, aside from the upper, the anti-crack experiment of eight kinds of
complex wall is done, find three kinds better complex material which have good
anti-crack performance: cement mortar + elastic putty, paste mortar + grid fabric,
plasterboard.
双排孔封底混凝土砌块承重墙体系是一种目前在上海广市泛应用的新型承
重墙结构体系。通过调整配方及成型参数，双排孔空心砌块可作承重墙体材料。
这种砌块孔型结构合理，产品性能优良，克服了原单排二孔砌块隔热保温性能差、
墙体易裂缝、易渗水等缺点，提高了保温、隔热、隔音效果；同时，这种砌块有
利于水电气等管道安装和配件敷设，弥补了单排孔砌块孔壁在管线敷设时切割凿
洞破坏、影响墙体承载能力的不足，而且更有利于住户的二次装修。
随着国家禁止使用实心粘土砖政策的出台，混凝土砌块得到了广泛的应用。
然而，我国三分之二以上大中型城市处于地震多发区，这种性能优良的双排孔封
底混凝土砌块抗震性能的优劣将是制约其推广和大面积应用的一个重要因素。因
此，研究双排孔封底混凝土砌块墙体的抗震性能不仅具有理论价值，而且具有重
要的现实意义。
本文通过六个足尺双排孔封底混凝土砌块承重墙试件在低周反复荷载下的
静力试验，研究了该种砌块承重墙体系墙片单元的抗震性能。由于双排孔封底砌
块的块形特点，试验中只考虑了水平配筋与不配筋两种情况，而水平配筋则分为
两种形式，即水平灰缝配筋和系梁块水平配筋。在试验的基础上，分析了墙片单
元的破坏特征和滞回性能，得到了承载力、刚度、延性和耗能等方面的实测数据，
并据此推导了这种多排孔墙片的抗剪承载力验算公式。试验及分析表明，带构造
柱且水平配筋的双排孔封底混凝土砌块墙片具有良好的抗震性能，可以满足地震
区的使用要求。
本文还研究了砌块建筑的抗裂问题，进行了八种加气砌块复合墙体的抗裂缝
试验。结果表明，水泥砂浆+弹性腻子、石膏砂浆+网格布、石膏板（无缝）这三
种是较好的复合材料，具有较好的抗裂性能。
At present, the structure of two- row- hole sealing concrete block bearing walls is
one of the four building systems of concrete hollow blocks prevailed in Shanghai. The
two-row-hole sealing concrete block is a kind of new material in building, and has
many advantages. Adjusted formula and parameter, they may be used as material of
bearing wall. The blocks, with reasonable structure and excellent performance, can
help in settling some disadvantages of small hollow concrete (SHC) blocks, for
instance, the bad capability of heat insulation and preservation, the brittleness, and the
aptness to be infiltrated by water; two-row-hole concrete blocks improve the
buildings’ performance of heat preservation and insulation, sound insulation, as well
as benefit to the fittings of the pipelines of water, electricity and gas, and avoid the
breakage of incising and holing for hole-wall of SHC blocks. In addition, they have
more advantages for second-fitment.
Publishing country policy of forbidding using solid clay brick, concrete block is
widely used. In our country, about two-thirds city of big or middle city is in
earthquake field, because anti-seismic performance is a main element restricting
spreading and used widely for this two-row-hole sealing block, it has both theory
value and important practical significance to research of this wall.
Anti-seismic performance of two- row- hole sealing concrete block bearing walls is
deeply studied in this thesis. Experiments are carried out to study on the seismic
behavior including six whole scale specimens under the cyclic loadings. According to
the shape of the blocks, experiments of both reinforcement only in horizon and
un-reinforcement are considered, and in the former，reinforcement of both in
horizontal mortar gaps and in ring beam block reinforcement are carried. Based on the
experiments, failure characters and hysteretic behaviors are analyzed. Other behaviors
including load carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility and capacity of energy dissipation
etc. It is shown that the level reinforcement bearing wall with this concrete blocks
have good anti-seismic behaviors.
In this thesis, aside from the upper, the anti-crack experiment of eight kinds of
complex wall is done, find three kinds better complex material which have good
anti-crack performance: cement mortar + elastic putty, paste mortar + grid fabric,
plasterboard.
引文
参考文献
1． 施楚贤主编. 砌体结构. 武汉工业大学出版社，1992.10（第二版）
2． 施楚贤. 砌体结构理论与设计 [J]. 中国建筑工业出版社
3． 杜文英. 美国的混凝土砌块建筑 [J].建筑知识. 2001.04
4． 中华人民共和国建设部公告第 10 号.关于推广应用住宅建设新技术新产
品的公告〔S〕,1998
5． 《配筋砌体结构设计规范》ISO/DIS 9652-3
6． 潘景龙.混凝土结构性能评定和检测 [M]. 哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版
社,1997. 166 - 167
7． 周锡元，阎维明，杨润林. 建筑结构的隔震、减振和振动控制. 建筑结
构学报，23 卷 2 期，1-12，2002 年 4 月
8． 周锡元. 建筑结构抗震设防策略思想的发展. 工程抗震，1997 年第 1 期
9． 工业与民用建筑抗震验算与构造措施 (上册)〔M〕.北京:中国建筑科学
研究院工程抗震研究所,1986
10．王铁梦. 工程结构裂缝控制 [M ]. 中国建筑工业出版社
11．章关福等. 混凝土小型空心砌块建筑的抗裂设计探讨. 新型墙体材料与
施工，2000
12．仲继寿,李 杰. 混凝土小型空心砌块建筑防裂抗渗技术措施. 施工技
术,2000.4
13．孙氰萍. 谈砌块建筑墙体热裂渗的防治措施. 房材与应用,2000 年第 2 期
14．周炳章. 砌块砌体结构发展的若干思考. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑, 2002 年
第 1 期
15．娄霓，宫铁军. 混凝土空心砌块结构设计中的一些体会. 建筑砌块与砌
块建筑, 2002 No.3
16．湖南大学,太原工业大学,福州大学合编. 建筑结构试验[M].北京:中国建
筑工业出版社,1997. 54- 61.期
17．王墨耕，郁银泉，王汉东. 配筋混凝土砌块砌体结构设计手册. 中国建
材工业出社
18．GB50011 -2001.建筑抗震设计规范〔S〕
19．GB50003-2001.砌体结构设计规范
20．GBJ129-90 砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准
21．八度区混凝土空心小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.小型砌块墙体抗侧力
- 71 -
参考文献
试验统一技术条件研究 [J]. 四川建筑科技,1 986 ,(4) :10 - 12
22．NEHRP Recommended Provisions For Seismic Regulations For New
Buildings 1994
23．Structural Euro Codes 1.6
24．唐岱新,宋宪民.带芯柱陶粒混凝土砌块墙体抗侧力性能 [J].哈尔滨建筑
工程学院学报,1993,26 (1) :69- 73
25．八度区小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.混凝土空心小型砌块墙体的抗剪
强度和恢复力特性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,1986 ,(4) :7- 13
26．八度区小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.小型砌块墙体抗侧力试验统一技
术条件研究 [J].四川建筑科学研究,1986,(4) :17- 21
27．周炳章,郑 伟,关启勋,等.小型混凝土空心砌块六层模型房屋抗震性能
试验研究 [J].建筑结构学报 , 2000,21(4) :2 - 12
28．苗启松,何西令,周炳章,等. 小型混凝土空心砌块九层模型房屋抗震性能
试验研究 [J]. 建筑结构学报 ,2000,2 1(4) :13- 21
29．杨德健,高永孚,孙锦镖,等.构造柱 -芯柱体系混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试
验研究 [J].建筑结构学报, 2000,2 1(4) :22 - 27
30．成全喜 ,杨德健 ,孙锦镖 ,等. 带芯柱混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗剪承
载力试验研究 [J].天津城市建设学院学报 , 2000,6 (1) :46 - 49
31．Flexural Bond Strength of Concrete Masonry Prisms Using Masonry
Cement Mortars
32．Melander, John M.. ASTM Special Technical Publication n 1180 Dec 8 1992
1993
33．Two-Storey Masonry Wall Under Seismic Loading: A Numerical
Comparison Between Simple and Strengthened Masonry Andreaus, U.;
Advances in Earthquake Engineering V 2 Oct 30-Nov 1 1996 1995
34．Concentrated Loads on Masonry (With Particular Reference to The SAA
Masonry Code) Page, A.W. National Conference Publication - Institution of
Engineers, Australia N 90 Pt 10 Oct 3-5 1990
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Hedstrom,.ASTM Special Technical Publication N 1063 Jul 1990
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Construction The World of Masonry V 13 N 8 August 2000
37．Giordano, A., Mele, E., De Luca, A.Modeling of Historical Masonry
Structures: Comparison of Different Approaches Through A Case Study
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Shear Stresses in Composite Masonry Walls;Mar 1994
44．Yan,Zhuge,Thambiratnam,David,Corderoy,John;NonlinearDynamic analysis
of Unreinforced Masonry. Journal of Structural Engineering; Mar 1998
45．Lotfi,Hamid R.,Shing,P.Benson. Interface Model Applied to Fracture of
Masonry Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering; Jan 1997
46．Ganduscio, Salvatore, Romano, Filippo.FEM and Analytical Solutions for
Buckling of Nonlinear Masonry Members. Journal of Structural
Engineering ;Jan 1997
47．Kullaa,Jyrki. Dimensional Analysis of Bond Modulus in Fiber Pullout.
Journal of Structural Engineering ;Jul 1996
48．Monti,Giorgio,Filippou,FilipC.,Spacone,Enrico.FiniteElement for Anchored
Bars Under Cyclic Load Reversals;May 1997
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51．杨伟军，施楚贤.灌芯混凝土砌体抗剪强度的理论分析和试验研究. 建筑
结构；第三十二卷第二期
52．(美)帕兹 M 结构动力学理论与计算 [M] 地震出版社,1994
53．张奕燕.加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝原因分析与控制 [J].中外建筑
1． 施楚贤主编. 砌体结构. 武汉工业大学出版社，1992.10（第二版）
2． 施楚贤. 砌体结构理论与设计 [J]. 中国建筑工业出版社
3． 杜文英. 美国的混凝土砌块建筑 [J].建筑知识. 2001.04
4． 中华人民共和国建设部公告第 10 号.关于推广应用住宅建设新技术新产
品的公告〔S〕,1998
5． 《配筋砌体结构设计规范》ISO/DIS 9652-3
6． 潘景龙.混凝土结构性能评定和检测 [M]. 哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版
社,1997. 166 - 167
7． 周锡元，阎维明，杨润林. 建筑结构的隔震、减振和振动控制. 建筑结
构学报，23 卷 2 期，1-12，2002 年 4 月
8． 周锡元. 建筑结构抗震设防策略思想的发展. 工程抗震，1997 年第 1 期
9． 工业与民用建筑抗震验算与构造措施 (上册)〔M〕.北京:中国建筑科学
研究院工程抗震研究所,1986
10．王铁梦. 工程结构裂缝控制 [M ]. 中国建筑工业出版社
11．章关福等. 混凝土小型空心砌块建筑的抗裂设计探讨. 新型墙体材料与
施工，2000
12．仲继寿,李 杰. 混凝土小型空心砌块建筑防裂抗渗技术措施. 施工技
术,2000.4
13．孙氰萍. 谈砌块建筑墙体热裂渗的防治措施. 房材与应用,2000 年第 2 期
14．周炳章. 砌块砌体结构发展的若干思考. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑, 2002 年
第 1 期
15．娄霓，宫铁军. 混凝土空心砌块结构设计中的一些体会. 建筑砌块与砌
块建筑, 2002 No.3
16．湖南大学,太原工业大学,福州大学合编. 建筑结构试验[M].北京:中国建
筑工业出版社,1997. 54- 61.期
17．王墨耕，郁银泉，王汉东. 配筋混凝土砌块砌体结构设计手册. 中国建
材工业出社
18．GB50011 -2001.建筑抗震设计规范〔S〕
19．GB50003-2001.砌体结构设计规范
20．GBJ129-90 砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准
21．八度区混凝土空心小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.小型砌块墙体抗侧力
- 71 -
参考文献
试验统一技术条件研究 [J]. 四川建筑科技,1 986 ,(4) :10 - 12
22．NEHRP Recommended Provisions For Seismic Regulations For New
Buildings 1994
23．Structural Euro Codes 1.6
24．唐岱新,宋宪民.带芯柱陶粒混凝土砌块墙体抗侧力性能 [J].哈尔滨建筑
工程学院学报,1993,26 (1) :69- 73
25．八度区小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.混凝土空心小型砌块墙体的抗剪
强度和恢复力特性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,1986 ,(4) :7- 13
26．八度区小型砌块建筑抗震性能课题组.小型砌块墙体抗侧力试验统一技
术条件研究 [J].四川建筑科学研究,1986,(4) :17- 21
27．周炳章,郑 伟,关启勋,等.小型混凝土空心砌块六层模型房屋抗震性能
试验研究 [J].建筑结构学报 , 2000,21(4) :2 - 12
28．苗启松,何西令,周炳章,等. 小型混凝土空心砌块九层模型房屋抗震性能
试验研究 [J]. 建筑结构学报 ,2000,2 1(4) :13- 21
29．杨德健,高永孚,孙锦镖,等.构造柱 -芯柱体系混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试
验研究 [J].建筑结构学报, 2000,2 1(4) :22 - 27
30．成全喜 ,杨德健 ,孙锦镖 ,等. 带芯柱混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗剪承
载力试验研究 [J].天津城市建设学院学报 , 2000,6 (1) :46 - 49
31．Flexural Bond Strength of Concrete Masonry Prisms Using Masonry
Cement Mortars
32．Melander, John M.. ASTM Special Technical Publication n 1180 Dec 8 1992
1993
33．Two-Storey Masonry Wall Under Seismic Loading: A Numerical
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