六种美国沙生灌木引种试验的初步研究
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摘要
为了丰富沙区灌木资源，试验从美国犹他州引进六种十二个品系树种，在苗圃地进行了引种育苗试验。结果如下：(1) 伏地肤在播种前应进行水浸处理、四翅滨藜和三齿滨藜要进行层积处理；伏地肤和沙生胶兔木可在四月下旬播种，驼绒藜、四翅滨藜和黑油脂木应在五月上旬播种。(2) 伏地肤和四翅滨藜在沙质土壤上长势最好，驼绒藜和三齿滨藜在施肥土壤上长势最好；黑油脂木和沙生胶兔木在不做任何处理的土壤上生长量最大。巨四翅滨藜的地上部分生长量极显著高于对照种小叶锦鸡儿的地上生长量；(3) 通过回归方程分析了各引进植物的生长量与环境因子间的关系，从理论上找到了影响生长的环境因子。(4) 引进植物的抗旱能力顺序为：伏地肤＜黑油脂木＜四翅滨藜＜三齿滨藜＜驼绒藜＜沙生胶兔木＜小叶锦鸡儿；耐盐碱能力排序为：伏地肤＜驼绒藜＜黑油脂木＜四翅滨藜＝三齿滨藜＜小叶锦鸡儿。(5) 六个品系的植物粗蛋白含量高于玉米。
For enriching the bush resource in the desert, the experiment introduced six species, total tweleve cultivars, from Utah, USA. They were breeded in the nursery. The results were as follows.
(1) Before sowing, Kochia prostrate should be soaked, while Atriplex canescens and Atriplex tridentate should be stratificated; Kochia prostrate and Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus should be planted in the later of Apr., while Ceratoides Ianata、Atriplex canescens , and Sarcobatus vermiculatus should be planted in the early of May.
(2) Kochia prostrate and Atriplex canescens liked the sand soil, Ceratoides Ianata & Atriplex tridentate liked the fertile soil, but the check soil was the optimum to Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus; Atriples canesceps ssp. gigante’ biomass was remarkably higher than Caragana microphylla’s. Caragana microphylla was the indigenous variety,
(3) The experiment also found the ambient agents which effected the growth by the linear regression equation.
(4) The sequence of drought-hardness ability was Kochia prostrate＜Sarcobatus vermiculatus＜ Atriplex canescens＜ Atriplex tridentate＜ Ceratoides Ianata＜ Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus＜Caragana microphylla. The order of alkali-tolerance ability was Kochia prostrate＜ Ceratoides Ianata＜ Sarcobatus vermiculatus＜Atriplex canescens＝Atriplex tridentate＜Caragana microphylla.
(5) The contents of six kinds of bush’s crude-protein were higher than the corn’s.
For enriching the bush resource in the desert, the experiment introduced six species, total tweleve cultivars, from Utah, USA. They were breeded in the nursery. The results were as follows.
(1) Before sowing, Kochia prostrate should be soaked, while Atriplex canescens and Atriplex tridentate should be stratificated; Kochia prostrate and Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus should be planted in the later of Apr., while Ceratoides Ianata、Atriplex canescens , and Sarcobatus vermiculatus should be planted in the early of May.
(2) Kochia prostrate and Atriplex canescens liked the sand soil, Ceratoides Ianata & Atriplex tridentate liked the fertile soil, but the check soil was the optimum to Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus; Atriples canesceps ssp. gigante’ biomass was remarkably higher than Caragana microphylla’s. Caragana microphylla was the indigenous variety,
(3) The experiment also found the ambient agents which effected the growth by the linear regression equation.
(4) The sequence of drought-hardness ability was Kochia prostrate＜Sarcobatus vermiculatus＜ Atriplex canescens＜ Atriplex tridentate＜ Ceratoides Ianata＜ Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. turbinatus＜Caragana microphylla. The order of alkali-tolerance ability was Kochia prostrate＜ Ceratoides Ianata＜ Sarcobatus vermiculatus＜Atriplex canescens＝Atriplex tridentate＜Caragana microphylla.
(5) The contents of six kinds of bush’s crude-protein were higher than the corn’s.
引文
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8孙启忠,桂荣.科尔沁沙地沙打旺草地衰退规律与恢复技术研究.草地学[J],2000,8(4):253～261
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10 Shumway, S. W., 2000. Facilitative effects of a sand shrub on species growing beneath the shrub canopy. Oecologia[J], 124:138～148
11 Barrow, C. J.,1994.Land degradation,Development and breakdown of terrestrial environments.New York:Cambridge University Press[N]
12蒋德明等.科尔沁沙地荒漠化过程与生态恢复.中国环境出版社[M],2003:143～144
13 川锅佑夫.南寅镐等.沙化草地恢复过程中植被及土壤的变化.水土保持通报[J],2000（4）:16～20
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15 董宝华.乔灌木引种的回顾与展望.植物引种驯化集刊[C],第三集:115～122
16 蒋齐,瞿明普.我国的固沙型灌木林及其研究进展.干旱区资源与环境[J],1998（2）:45～51
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20 张日清,何方.植物引种驯化理论与实践述评.广西林业科学[J],2001,30（1）:1～6
21 Kramer, P. J., 1983. Water relation of Plants. London:Academic Press[N], INC. LTD
22 Shumway, S. W., 2000. Facilitative effects of a sand shrub on species growing beneath the shrub canopy. Oecologia[J], 124:138～148
23 盛诚桂.中国历代引种驯化梗概.植物引种驯化集刊[C],第四集:56～65
24 Fryrear ,D. W., 1985. Soil cover and erosion. Trans. ASAE[J]., 28(3):781～784
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27 冯政夫,姜鹏等.科尔沁沙地针叶树引种试验初报.内蒙古林学院学报[J].1999（3）:50～54
28 Grant, P. F.., Nickling, W. G.., 1998. Direct field measurement o f wind drag on vegetation for application windbreak design and modeling. Land Deradation & Development[J], 9:57~66
29 吴中伦.国外树木引种概论.科学出版社[M],1982:62～90
30 Lancaster, N., Bass, A.,1998. Influence of vegetation cover on sand transport by wind: field studies at Owens Lake, California. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms[J], 23:69~82
31 Buckley, R.,1987.The effect of sparse vegetation on the transport of dune sand by wind.Nature[J],325:426~428
32 Stephen, A. .W., Nickling, W. G., 1993. The protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erodion. Progress in Phydical Geography[J], 17(1):50~68
33 江泽平.王豁然等.论北美洲木本植物资源与中国树木引种的关系.地理学报[J],1997,52（2）:169～176
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