末次冰期以来艾比湖周边灌草丛沙堆的古气候记录
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摘要
艾比湖地处亚欧大陆腹地,属典型的封闭型干涸尾闾湖,对全球与区域气候变化有很强的敏感性与脆弱性。本文运用风沙地貌学与第四纪地质学方法,以艾比湖周边灌草丛沙堆为研究对象,通过对灌草丛沙堆形态特征、沙堆类型、分布规律和沉积结构的野外考察,选取若干典型灌草丛沙堆剖面进行系统采样和气候环境代用指标的实验室测试分析,结合历史文献和现代气象观测记录等对艾比湖流域末次冰期以来的气候环境演化规律进行了初步研究,并根据灌草丛沙堆风沙层的光释光测年数据,参考湖滨阶地年代序列、湖滨浅滩沉积年代进行综合分析,初步确定灌草从沙堆沉积的年代序列。本文测年数据主要集中在晚冰期和全新世晚期两个时段,全新世早期和中期(距今9000-5000年)光释光测年风沙层缺失。本文初步研究结果如下:
(1)艾比湖周边既有发育历史时间长达上万年、正在缓慢风化剥蚀的残余灌草丛沙堆,也有发育时间几百年甚至几十年、风沙过程仍然十分活跃的灌草丛沙堆。即灌草丛沙堆的发育时间主要集中在晚冰期-全新世初期和全新世晚期两个时段,其中晚冰期-全新世初期发育的灌草丛沙堆大部分遭受强烈风蚀,仅有风蚀残余作为全新世晚期灌草丛沙堆发育的基础。全新世晚期发育的灌草丛沙堆可能是在新冰期和小冰期冷湿气候条件下发育起来的。
(2)研究区晚冰期以来的气候变化趋势,尤其是区域温度变化与全球气候变化一致,说明研究区气候主要响应末次冰期以来的全球气候系统太阳辐射平衡变化,受到太阳总辐射变化的驱动。但风沙层各种理化指标记录的降水或相对湿度变化显示明显的区域特征,即晚冰期-全新世初期和全新世晚期比较湿润,而全新世早期和中期的大暖期(约9000-4000期间)区域降水或相对湿度很小。
(3)根据灌草丛沙堆风沙层测年资料以及各代用指标的实验结果,测年数据相对集中时段并对比艾比湖水面升降、湖滨阶地发育年龄、湖滨浅滩钻孔沉积相变化特点以及北疆其他区域古气候记录综合分析,可初步重建艾比湖流域晚冰期以来的气候变化过程,即在18000-9000年前后,区域降水较多、相对湿度较大,气温可能在剧烈波动中快速回升,艾比湖周边灌草丛沙堆广泛发育、空间分布格局变化明显;9000-4000年流域气候干暖,风大沙多,早期发育的灌丛沙堆或被风蚀,或沙堆风蚀间断沉积构造普遍发育;4000年以来,区域气候趋于冷凉湿,在湖盆周边地势低洼处的灌草丛沙堆基本上连续发育。灌草丛沙堆发育过程表现为较明显的的西风带气候风沙地貌变化模式。
Ebinur Lake is a typical and enclosed extinct rump lake, which located in the inland of Asia and Europe mainland.It is sensitive and fragile to the globle and regional climate change.This article is aimed to make a primary research on climatic environment and evolution regulation since Last Glaciation in Ebinur Lake, Applied the method of eolian geomorphology and Quaternary geology, based on nabkhas around Ebinur lake, investigated the morphological character、types、distribution、sedimentary structure of Nabkha selected several typical sand hill section for systematical sampling and testing and analyzing, combined historical documentaries as well as observational records of modern meteorological phenomenon since Last Glaciation,and it based on OSL dating method of sand of storm layer in nabkhas. It also comprehensively analyzed developmental phrase of lake shore terrace as well as deposit phrase of lake shore shallow shoal. The data that employed in this article are mainly concentrated on two periods:Last Glaciation and late Holocene , as lack of sand of storm layer of OSL dating method in early and middle period of Holocene(9000-5000 years up to now)
the main researching achievements are as follows:
(1)Ebinur Lake, and its surrounding areas not only possessed relict nabkhas that experienced more than 10,000 years’development,and now they are suffering from deflation slowly,but also active ones that experienced more than several hundred or decade years’of development, and still keep active. The developmental phrases of nabkhas around Ebinur Lake are mainly concentrated on two periods: Last Glaciation and the late Holocene. Most sand drift in Last Glaciation were suffered from severe deflation, only those deflation relicts were left to be bases of shrub sand drift development in late Holocene, the development of nabkhas in late Holocene was under a cold and wet circumstance during neoglaciation and little ice age.
(2)Researching area’s climate change since late glacial age, particularly the regional temperature change was coordinated with global climate change, which indicates that the researching area responses to global change,it is driven by the solar radiation change.But the regional precipitation or relative moisture change owns obvious regional characteristics, namely, it is quite wet in Last Glaciation and the late Holocene, however, during great warm period, the precipitation or relative moisture is quite low in the early or middle Holocene.
(3)Making a comprehensive comparison and analysis, such as based on concentric distribution time-interval of sand storm layer in nabkhas、the changes of Ebinur Lake depth、developmental age of lake shore terrace、the characteristics of changes of lake shore deposit, the characteristics of climate changes in Ebinur Lake since late glacial age,it is based to sand of storm layer of OSLdating material as well as the expremental results of representative index.Around 18000-9000, the climate was cold and wet, the temperature picked up obviously amid severe fluctuation, 9000-4000, the climate was droughty, the wind was strong, it is quite ordinary to see deflation intermit sedimentary structure, from the year 4000 to now, the climate is cold and wet, and nabkhas generally enjoins continued development, represented by climate change mode of subtropical westerlies.
(1)艾比湖周边既有发育历史时间长达上万年、正在缓慢风化剥蚀的残余灌草丛沙堆,也有发育时间几百年甚至几十年、风沙过程仍然十分活跃的灌草丛沙堆。即灌草丛沙堆的发育时间主要集中在晚冰期-全新世初期和全新世晚期两个时段,其中晚冰期-全新世初期发育的灌草丛沙堆大部分遭受强烈风蚀,仅有风蚀残余作为全新世晚期灌草丛沙堆发育的基础。全新世晚期发育的灌草丛沙堆可能是在新冰期和小冰期冷湿气候条件下发育起来的。
(2)研究区晚冰期以来的气候变化趋势,尤其是区域温度变化与全球气候变化一致,说明研究区气候主要响应末次冰期以来的全球气候系统太阳辐射平衡变化,受到太阳总辐射变化的驱动。但风沙层各种理化指标记录的降水或相对湿度变化显示明显的区域特征,即晚冰期-全新世初期和全新世晚期比较湿润,而全新世早期和中期的大暖期(约9000-4000期间)区域降水或相对湿度很小。
(3)根据灌草丛沙堆风沙层测年资料以及各代用指标的实验结果,测年数据相对集中时段并对比艾比湖水面升降、湖滨阶地发育年龄、湖滨浅滩钻孔沉积相变化特点以及北疆其他区域古气候记录综合分析,可初步重建艾比湖流域晚冰期以来的气候变化过程,即在18000-9000年前后,区域降水较多、相对湿度较大,气温可能在剧烈波动中快速回升,艾比湖周边灌草丛沙堆广泛发育、空间分布格局变化明显;9000-4000年流域气候干暖,风大沙多,早期发育的灌丛沙堆或被风蚀,或沙堆风蚀间断沉积构造普遍发育;4000年以来,区域气候趋于冷凉湿,在湖盆周边地势低洼处的灌草丛沙堆基本上连续发育。灌草丛沙堆发育过程表现为较明显的的西风带气候风沙地貌变化模式。
Ebinur Lake is a typical and enclosed extinct rump lake, which located in the inland of Asia and Europe mainland.It is sensitive and fragile to the globle and regional climate change.This article is aimed to make a primary research on climatic environment and evolution regulation since Last Glaciation in Ebinur Lake, Applied the method of eolian geomorphology and Quaternary geology, based on nabkhas around Ebinur lake, investigated the morphological character、types、distribution、sedimentary structure of Nabkha selected several typical sand hill section for systematical sampling and testing and analyzing, combined historical documentaries as well as observational records of modern meteorological phenomenon since Last Glaciation,and it based on OSL dating method of sand of storm layer in nabkhas. It also comprehensively analyzed developmental phrase of lake shore terrace as well as deposit phrase of lake shore shallow shoal. The data that employed in this article are mainly concentrated on two periods:Last Glaciation and late Holocene , as lack of sand of storm layer of OSL dating method in early and middle period of Holocene(9000-5000 years up to now)
the main researching achievements are as follows:
(1)Ebinur Lake, and its surrounding areas not only possessed relict nabkhas that experienced more than 10,000 years’development,and now they are suffering from deflation slowly,but also active ones that experienced more than several hundred or decade years’of development, and still keep active. The developmental phrases of nabkhas around Ebinur Lake are mainly concentrated on two periods: Last Glaciation and the late Holocene. Most sand drift in Last Glaciation were suffered from severe deflation, only those deflation relicts were left to be bases of shrub sand drift development in late Holocene, the development of nabkhas in late Holocene was under a cold and wet circumstance during neoglaciation and little ice age.
(2)Researching area’s climate change since late glacial age, particularly the regional temperature change was coordinated with global climate change, which indicates that the researching area responses to global change,it is driven by the solar radiation change.But the regional precipitation or relative moisture change owns obvious regional characteristics, namely, it is quite wet in Last Glaciation and the late Holocene, however, during great warm period, the precipitation or relative moisture is quite low in the early or middle Holocene.
(3)Making a comprehensive comparison and analysis, such as based on concentric distribution time-interval of sand storm layer in nabkhas、the changes of Ebinur Lake depth、developmental age of lake shore terrace、the characteristics of changes of lake shore deposit, the characteristics of climate changes in Ebinur Lake since late glacial age,it is based to sand of storm layer of OSLdating material as well as the expremental results of representative index.Around 18000-9000, the climate was cold and wet, the temperature picked up obviously amid severe fluctuation, 9000-4000, the climate was droughty, the wind was strong, it is quite ordinary to see deflation intermit sedimentary structure, from the year 4000 to now, the climate is cold and wet, and nabkhas generally enjoins continued development, represented by climate change mode of subtropical westerlies.
引文
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