企业高管直觉决策与企业知识管理的问题研究
|
摘要
在知识经济时代,企业高管面对市场快速变化的敏锐洞悉和快速反应显得尤为重要。直觉思维的创造性和动态灵活性功能以及从整体上把握问题的特性,使得直觉决策正在获得越来越多的认可,甚至成为企业适应瞬息万变的竞争环境和不完全信息的关键因素。从知识角度看来,直觉决策是一个知识获取、运用和创新过程。因此,如何更好的理解决策和知识的关系,提高直觉决策的知识含量,造就科学决策,是所有企业及其管理者都十分关心的问题。知识管理作为适应知识经济时代发展的需求而产生的新的管理学科的思想与理念,成为企业和个人增强应变能力和创新能力,赢取竞争优势的重要手段与工具。
虽然学术界和管理者都认识到了知识对直觉决策的重要性,但目前学者们对如何提高直觉决策的知识含量、增强决策的科学性的研究还很少,对于如何将企业知识管理与直觉决策两者完整地结合起来研究的文献更是鲜见。正是基于此种思考,本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,以企业高层管理为研究对象,运用规范分析和实证研究相结合的方法,系统地探讨了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策之间的互动关系及其影响作用,从而为基于个人知识创造的企业高管直觉决策的知识管理问题研究提供了一个新的理论视角和较完整的分析框架。
论文的研究工作包括以下几个方面：①通过文献研究、问卷调查和访谈法3种方法的结合,明确了企业高管直觉决策的因素结构；②在直觉决策因素结构研究的基础上,开发了直觉决策量表；③在文献研究的基础上,规范分析了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策的互动机制以及企业高管直觉决策的知识管理机理,并在此基础上,构建了企业高管直觉决策的知识管理总体规划；④在理论演绎分析和文献综述基础上,提出一个概念模型来分析企业知识管理对企业高管直觉决策的影响作用。以金融服务业为具体调查对象,在江苏省范围内选择若干城市进行问卷调查,通过描述性统计分析、因子分析、结构方程建模等计量统计方法,利用SPSS 16.0和LISREL 8.7计算机软件对问卷调查的数据进行分析,检验了上述变量之间的结构模型与研究假设是否成立,并对研究结果进行了探讨。
经过上述研究工作,论文获得的主要研究结论是：①直觉决策是由“直觉决策过程”、“认知和洞察”、“决策效力”、“情感和情绪”、“知识”和“经验”多个维度驱动的,是一个多维的概念。企业高管相对于基层和中层管理,在管理决策中更倾向于信赖直觉进行决策,他的知识、经验、认知模式、决策效力和情感情绪影响着其直觉决策水平。②直觉决策测量量表包括6个维度,30个条目,经检验,此量表具有良好的信度和效度。③企业知识管理要素与企业高管直觉决策绩效之间存在正相关关系；企业知识管理能力在二者之间起部分中介作用；企业规模对企业高管直觉决策绩效表现出负面的影响；企业环境的不确定性对企业高管直觉决策绩效表现出正面的影响。④企业高管的直觉决策对企业绩效起着积极地促进作用。
本论文研究工作及其结论的创新性主要表现在以下3个方面：①研制了直觉决策的测量量表,此量表完全是本土化的研究成果,它的开发为工作场所直觉决策的研究又增添了一个可供选择的测量工具,而且在一定程度上弥补了中国文化背景下管理研究方面缺乏足够测量工具的不足。②从实证角度明晰了企业高管的直觉决策因素结构,拓展了国内前人的理论研究成果,深化和发展了直觉决策理论的研究,为进一步实证研究企业高管直觉决策问题奠定基础或具有理论参考价值。③系统地分析了企业知识管理对企业高管直觉决策的作用机制,拓宽了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策理论的研究视角,弥补了国内在此领域缺乏实证性研究的缺憾。
企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策的问题研究涉及到很多学科领域,对该课题的研究既十分必要又十分复杂。本文较为系统地将两者结合起来研究,选取了中国企业作为研究对象,通过理论与实证研究,探讨了两者之间的互动关系及影响机制。这不仅是对这一新兴的前沿研究领域的积极尝试,也为解决企业实践中迫切需要解决的决策问题提供了理论基础。
In the knowledge economy, the keen insight into the market changes and rapid response of the top managers are particularly important. The intuition features of creativity, dynamic flexibility and the overall grasp of the problem make it gain increasing acceptance, even become a key factor as companies adapting to the changing competitive environment. From the perspective of knowledge, intuitive decision-making is a knowledge acquisition, application and innovation process. Therefore, how better understanding the relation between decision and knowledge to improve knowledge of the intuitive decision-making, creating a scientific decision, which are all enterprises and their managers concerned about. Knowledge management as new ideas and concepts management discipline that adapting to the knowledge economy development, are becoming an important means and tools to enhance enterprises and individuals response and innovation capabilities and to win the competitive advantage.
While the academia and managers have recognized the importance of intuition in decision-making, there is little scientific research on how to improve the knowledge of the intuitive decision-making and enhance decision-making, not to mention the study of combination systematically of the enterprise knowledge management and intuitive decision-making. So, based on previous research, selects the top management as study object and uses normative analysis and empirical research methods, the paper systematically explores the interaction relationship and influence mechanism between enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making, so as to provide a new theoretical perspective and a more complete analytical framework of enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making.
The work of this thesis mainly includes four aspects as follows:①It identifies top managers intuitive decision-making factors structure through literature research, surveys and interviews three methods.②it develops the intuitive decision-making scale based on the research of intuiti,, ve decision factors structure.③it analysis normatively the interaction relationship and influence mechanism between enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making and builds the enterprise knowledge management master plan faced to managers intuitive decision-making.④it proposes a conceptual model to analyze the knowledge management influence on top managers intuitive decision-making based on theoretical analysis and literature review. Selects the financial services industry in Jiangsu province as survey objects, the paper examines the structure model and hypotheses through actor analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical measurement methods by using the statistical software SPSS 16.0 and structural equation modeling software LISREL 8.7. At last, the findings are discussed.
Through the above research work, the main conclusions are as follows:①Intuitive decision-making is a multidimensional concept driven by "knowledge", "experience", "cognition and insight", "Decision-making effectiveness", "feelings and emotions" and "intuitive decision-making process". The top managers trend to rely on intuition to make decisions relative to the primary and middle managers during management and his knowledge, experience, cognitive model, decision making effectiveness and emotional impact on their intuitive decision-making.②Intuitive decision-making measurement scale includes 6 dimensions and 30 items and it has good reliability and validity.③there is a positive correlation between enterprise knowledge management elements and top managers intuitive decision-making; Enterprise knowledge management capability plays some of the intermediary role between the above two; Firm Scale plays a negative impact on top managers'intuitive decision-making performance; Environmental uncertainty plays an active positive role on top managers'intuitive decision-making performance.④Top managers intuitive decision-making play an active role on firm performance.
The innovation of this paper's work and its conclusion conclusions includes three aspects:①It developed intuitive decision-making measurement scale. This scale is completely localized research and its development adds a choice of measurement tools for the research of intuitive decision-making in the workplace and to some extent makes up for the lack of adequate measurement tools in management under Chinese cultural context.②It Identifies top managers'intuitive decision-making factors structure from the empirical point. This study expands the domestic previous theoretical studies and deepens the intuitive decision-making theory and lays the foundation for intuitive decision-making for the further empirical research.③It systematically analysis the enterprise knowledge management influence on the top managers'intuitive decision-making. This broadens research perspective of the knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making and makes up the pity of the absence of empirical studies in this field.
The study on enterprise knowledge management and top manager's intuitive decision-making involves many disciplines; the research on the subject is both necessary and complicated. Selected Chinese enterprises as Research objective, This paper firstly made more systematic study combination of the two to explore the interactive relationship and impact between the two through theoretical and empirical research. It is not only the actively trying in this cutting-edge and emerging the field, but also providing a theoretical basis to solve practical problems.
虽然学术界和管理者都认识到了知识对直觉决策的重要性,但目前学者们对如何提高直觉决策的知识含量、增强决策的科学性的研究还很少,对于如何将企业知识管理与直觉决策两者完整地结合起来研究的文献更是鲜见。正是基于此种思考,本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,以企业高层管理为研究对象,运用规范分析和实证研究相结合的方法,系统地探讨了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策之间的互动关系及其影响作用,从而为基于个人知识创造的企业高管直觉决策的知识管理问题研究提供了一个新的理论视角和较完整的分析框架。
论文的研究工作包括以下几个方面：①通过文献研究、问卷调查和访谈法3种方法的结合,明确了企业高管直觉决策的因素结构；②在直觉决策因素结构研究的基础上,开发了直觉决策量表；③在文献研究的基础上,规范分析了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策的互动机制以及企业高管直觉决策的知识管理机理,并在此基础上,构建了企业高管直觉决策的知识管理总体规划；④在理论演绎分析和文献综述基础上,提出一个概念模型来分析企业知识管理对企业高管直觉决策的影响作用。以金融服务业为具体调查对象,在江苏省范围内选择若干城市进行问卷调查,通过描述性统计分析、因子分析、结构方程建模等计量统计方法,利用SPSS 16.0和LISREL 8.7计算机软件对问卷调查的数据进行分析,检验了上述变量之间的结构模型与研究假设是否成立,并对研究结果进行了探讨。
经过上述研究工作,论文获得的主要研究结论是：①直觉决策是由“直觉决策过程”、“认知和洞察”、“决策效力”、“情感和情绪”、“知识”和“经验”多个维度驱动的,是一个多维的概念。企业高管相对于基层和中层管理,在管理决策中更倾向于信赖直觉进行决策,他的知识、经验、认知模式、决策效力和情感情绪影响着其直觉决策水平。②直觉决策测量量表包括6个维度,30个条目,经检验,此量表具有良好的信度和效度。③企业知识管理要素与企业高管直觉决策绩效之间存在正相关关系；企业知识管理能力在二者之间起部分中介作用；企业规模对企业高管直觉决策绩效表现出负面的影响；企业环境的不确定性对企业高管直觉决策绩效表现出正面的影响。④企业高管的直觉决策对企业绩效起着积极地促进作用。
本论文研究工作及其结论的创新性主要表现在以下3个方面：①研制了直觉决策的测量量表,此量表完全是本土化的研究成果,它的开发为工作场所直觉决策的研究又增添了一个可供选择的测量工具,而且在一定程度上弥补了中国文化背景下管理研究方面缺乏足够测量工具的不足。②从实证角度明晰了企业高管的直觉决策因素结构,拓展了国内前人的理论研究成果,深化和发展了直觉决策理论的研究,为进一步实证研究企业高管直觉决策问题奠定基础或具有理论参考价值。③系统地分析了企业知识管理对企业高管直觉决策的作用机制,拓宽了企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策理论的研究视角,弥补了国内在此领域缺乏实证性研究的缺憾。
企业知识管理与企业高管直觉决策的问题研究涉及到很多学科领域,对该课题的研究既十分必要又十分复杂。本文较为系统地将两者结合起来研究,选取了中国企业作为研究对象,通过理论与实证研究,探讨了两者之间的互动关系及影响机制。这不仅是对这一新兴的前沿研究领域的积极尝试,也为解决企业实践中迫切需要解决的决策问题提供了理论基础。
In the knowledge economy, the keen insight into the market changes and rapid response of the top managers are particularly important. The intuition features of creativity, dynamic flexibility and the overall grasp of the problem make it gain increasing acceptance, even become a key factor as companies adapting to the changing competitive environment. From the perspective of knowledge, intuitive decision-making is a knowledge acquisition, application and innovation process. Therefore, how better understanding the relation between decision and knowledge to improve knowledge of the intuitive decision-making, creating a scientific decision, which are all enterprises and their managers concerned about. Knowledge management as new ideas and concepts management discipline that adapting to the knowledge economy development, are becoming an important means and tools to enhance enterprises and individuals response and innovation capabilities and to win the competitive advantage.
While the academia and managers have recognized the importance of intuition in decision-making, there is little scientific research on how to improve the knowledge of the intuitive decision-making and enhance decision-making, not to mention the study of combination systematically of the enterprise knowledge management and intuitive decision-making. So, based on previous research, selects the top management as study object and uses normative analysis and empirical research methods, the paper systematically explores the interaction relationship and influence mechanism between enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making, so as to provide a new theoretical perspective and a more complete analytical framework of enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making.
The work of this thesis mainly includes four aspects as follows:①It identifies top managers intuitive decision-making factors structure through literature research, surveys and interviews three methods.②it develops the intuitive decision-making scale based on the research of intuiti,, ve decision factors structure.③it analysis normatively the interaction relationship and influence mechanism between enterprise knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making and builds the enterprise knowledge management master plan faced to managers intuitive decision-making.④it proposes a conceptual model to analyze the knowledge management influence on top managers intuitive decision-making based on theoretical analysis and literature review. Selects the financial services industry in Jiangsu province as survey objects, the paper examines the structure model and hypotheses through actor analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical measurement methods by using the statistical software SPSS 16.0 and structural equation modeling software LISREL 8.7. At last, the findings are discussed.
Through the above research work, the main conclusions are as follows:①Intuitive decision-making is a multidimensional concept driven by "knowledge", "experience", "cognition and insight", "Decision-making effectiveness", "feelings and emotions" and "intuitive decision-making process". The top managers trend to rely on intuition to make decisions relative to the primary and middle managers during management and his knowledge, experience, cognitive model, decision making effectiveness and emotional impact on their intuitive decision-making.②Intuitive decision-making measurement scale includes 6 dimensions and 30 items and it has good reliability and validity.③there is a positive correlation between enterprise knowledge management elements and top managers intuitive decision-making; Enterprise knowledge management capability plays some of the intermediary role between the above two; Firm Scale plays a negative impact on top managers'intuitive decision-making performance; Environmental uncertainty plays an active positive role on top managers'intuitive decision-making performance.④Top managers intuitive decision-making play an active role on firm performance.
The innovation of this paper's work and its conclusion conclusions includes three aspects:①It developed intuitive decision-making measurement scale. This scale is completely localized research and its development adds a choice of measurement tools for the research of intuitive decision-making in the workplace and to some extent makes up for the lack of adequate measurement tools in management under Chinese cultural context.②It Identifies top managers'intuitive decision-making factors structure from the empirical point. This study expands the domestic previous theoretical studies and deepens the intuitive decision-making theory and lays the foundation for intuitive decision-making for the further empirical research.③It systematically analysis the enterprise knowledge management influence on the top managers'intuitive decision-making. This broadens research perspective of the knowledge management and top managers'intuitive decision-making and makes up the pity of the absence of empirical studies in this field.
The study on enterprise knowledge management and top manager's intuitive decision-making involves many disciplines; the research on the subject is both necessary and complicated. Selected Chinese enterprises as Research objective, This paper firstly made more systematic study combination of the two to explore the interactive relationship and impact between the two through theoretical and empirical research. It is not only the actively trying in this cutting-edge and emerging the field, but also providing a theoretical basis to solve practical problems.
引文
[1]Weston H Agor. The logic of intuition:how top executives make important decisions. Organizational Dynamics,1986,14(3):5-18
[2]Behling O., Echel. N.L. Making sense out of intuition. Academy of management executive,1991,5(1):46-54
[3]Sloman, S. A. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:3-22
[4]Khatri N., Ng H.A. The role of intuition in strategic decision making. Human Relations,2000,5(1):57-86
[5]Gerard George, Adam J. Bock. The role of structured intuition and entrepreneurial opportunities. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,2010(29):277-285
[6]Noordink, P. J., Ashkanasy, N. M. Decision making in a high-risk industry:Why is intuition only effective some of the time? Australian Journal of Psychology,2003,55 Supplement:139-139
[7]Bousson. K., Trave-Massuyes. L. Fuzzy Causal Simulation in Process Engineering, 1nd ed. Menlo Park, Calif.,1993
[8]Schoemaker PJH, Russo J.E. Management overconfidence. Sloan Management Review,1992,33(2):7-17
[9][美]西蒙(H.A. Simon)著,李柱流等译.管理决策新科学.第1版.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1982
[10]Simon H. A., Explaining ineffable:AI on intuition, insight and inspiration topics, In Proc.1995
[11]盛小平,仝丽娟,刘宇.基于知识管理的企业核心竞争力研究述评.图书情报工作,2007,51(2)：56-60
[12]Davenport T H, Prusuk L. Working Knowledge How organizations manage what they know, 1nd ed. Boston Harvard Business School Press 1998.
[13]Felin T, Foss N.J. Strategic organization:A field in search of micro-foundations. Strategic Organization,2005,3 (4):441-455
[14]Galbreath. J. Twenty-first century management rules:The management of Relationships as intangible assets. Management Decision,2002,40:116-126
[15]Hambrick D C, Mason P A. Upper echelons:The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management Review,1984,9:193-206
[16]Iaquinto Anthony L., Fredrickson, James W. Top management team agreement about the strategic decision process:A test of some of its determinants and consequences. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1):63-75
[17]刘大椿.科学活动论.第1版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010
[18]朱新明.直觉、顿悟和灵感的心理机制思维科学研究.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1999
[19]李守成.科学研究的艺术修养.第1版.长春：吉林科学技术出版社,1989
[20]Polanyi M., Personal knowledge towards a post critical philosophy. New York torch books,1962:15-26
[21]Lubit R., Tacit knowledge and knowledge management:the keys to sustainable competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics,2001,29(4):164-176
[22]Brockman E. N., Anthony, W. P. The influence of tacit knowledge and collective mind on strategic planning. Journal of Managerial Issues.1998,10(20):204-219
[23]Parikh J., Neubauer, F., Lank, A. G. Intuition:The new frontier in management, lnd ed. Cambridge, MA:Blackwell.1994
[24]Saint Onge H., The evolutionary organization:avoiding a titanic fate. The Learning Organization,1996,3(4):4-21
[25]孙海法,伍晓奕.企业高层管理团队研究的进展.管理科学学报,2003,6(4)：82-89
[26]James L R, Mulaik S A, Brett J M. A tale of two methods. Organizational Research Methods,2006,9(2):233-244
[27]Gigerenzer G.., Hoffrage U. How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review,1995,102:684-704
[28]Weick K. E., Roberts K. H. Collective mind in organizations:Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly,1993,38:357-381
[29]March, J. G., Simon, H. A. Organizations. New York:Wiley,1958
[30]Gavetti, G., Levinthal, D. Looking forward and looking backward:Cognitive and experiential search. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(1):113-137
[31]Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R.E. The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1982,42:116-131
[32]Bailey J. R. Need for cognition and response mode in the active construction of an information domain. Journal of Economic Psychology,1997,18:69-85
[33]Leippe M R., Eisenstadt D., Rauch S M., Seib H M. Timing of eyewitness expert testimony, jurors need for cognition and case strength as determinants of trial verdicts. Applied Psychology.2004,89:524-541.
[34]Simon, H. A. A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1955,69(1):99-118
[35]Ron Adner, Constance E. Helfat. Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities. Strategic Management Journal.2003,24(10):1011-1025
[36]Gavetti G. Cognition and hierarchy:Rethinking the micro foundations of capabilities' development. Organization Science.2005,16(6):599-617
[37]Farjoun M. Strategy making, novelty and analogical reasoning-commentary on Gavetti, Levinthal and Rivkin (2005). Strategic Management Journal, 2008,29(9):1001-1016
[38]Bingham C B, Haleblian J. How Do Organizations Learn (Or Not) from Experience? A Construal Based View, Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Anaheim, CA: Academy of Management,2008
[39]Tripsas M. Technology, Identity and Inertia through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company". Organization Science.2009,20(2):441-460
[40]Daniel Kahneman, Mark W Riepe. Aspects of Investor Psychology. Portfolio Management,1998,24(4)
[41]Pandza K, Thorpe R. Creative Search and Strategic Sense-making:Missing Dimensions in the Concept of Dynamic Capabilities. British Journal of Management,2009,20(51):118-131
[42]Damasio A R. Descartes Error:Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. Gosset/ Putnam Press, New York,1994
[43]Hastie R. Problems for judgment and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001,52:653-683
[44]Simon, H. A. Making management decisions:The role of intuition and emotion. Academy of Management Executive,1987,1(1):57-64
[45]Bechara A, Damasio H. Deciding advantageously before knowing advantageous strategy. Science,1997,275:1293-1295
[46]Goleman D. Emotional Intelligence, lnd ed. Bantam Books,1995
[47]Wading C P, The arts, emotion, and current research in neuroscience. Mosaic,1998, 31(1):107-124
[48]Antoine Bechara. The role of emotion in decision-making:Evidence from neurological patients with orbit frontal damage. Brain and Cognition.2004,55(1): 30-40
[49]Giorgio Coricelli, Raymond J. Dolan and Angela Sirigu. Brain, emotion and decision making:the paradigmatic example of regret.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2007,11(6):258-265
[50]张志学,张文慧.认知需要与战略决策过程之间的关系.心理科学,2004,27(2)：358-361
[51]罗渝川,张进辅.情感在战略分析中作用研究的新动向.辽宁师范大学学报社会科学版,2003,3：55-57
[52]周爱保.社会认知的理论和实验.兰州：甘肃教育出版社,2002
[53]谢晓非,郑蕊.认知与决策领域的中国研究现况分析.心理科学进展,200311(1)：281-288
[54]梁竹苑,许燕.决策中个体差异作用的研究现状.第十届全国心理学学术会议,2005；262
[55]Evans, J.St.B.T. Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning. British Journal of Psychology,1984,75:451-468
[56]Klein, G. Sources of power. How people make decision. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,1998
[57]Krantz, J.H., Dalal,R. Validity of web bases psychological research. M.H. Bimbaum. Psychological experiments on the internet. SanDiego, CA:Academic Press,2000:35-60
[58]Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West. Individual differences in reasoning:Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2000,23:645-726
[59]Evnas,J.S. Strategic Flexibility of High Technology Maneuvers. Journal of Management Sutdies,1991(1):69-90
[60]Gigerenzer, G, Regier, T. How do we tell an association from a rule? Comment on Sloman. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:23-26.
[61]Sloman. S.A. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:3-22
[62]Klaczynski P A. The influence of analytic and heuristic processing on adolescent reasoning and decision making. Child Development,2001,72:844-861
[63]Epstein, S., Pacini,R., Denes Raj, V., and Heier, H. Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical rational thinking styles. Personality and Social Psychology,1996,71(2):390-405
[64]Hammond, K.R. Human indigent and social policy. New York, NY:Oxford University Press,1996
[65]Dunwoody, P.T., Haarbauer, E., Mahan, R.P., Marino, C., and Tang, C.C. Cognitive adaptation and its consequences:A test of cognitive continuum theory. Behavioral Decision Making 2000,13:35-54
[66]Mahan, R.P. Stress-induced strategy shifts toward intuitive cognition:A cognitive continuum framework approach. Human Performance,1994,7(2):85-118
[67]Mandy M. Cheng and Peter F. Luckett. Axel K.D. Schulz. The Effects of Cognitive Style Diversity on Decision-Making Dyads:An Empirical Analysis in the Context of a Complex Task. Behavioral Research in Accounting.2003,15 (1):39
[68]Bochner, S. Defining intolerance of ambiguity. Psychological Record. 1965,(3):393-400
[69]Mark, Gerry Jenkins Johnson. Entrepreneurial Intentions and Outcomes:a Comparative Causal Mapping Study. Management Studies.1997,34(6):895-920
[70]Vaughan, F.E. Awakening intuition. Garden City, New York:Anchor Books,1979
[71]Carl Jung. Psychological Types Classics in the History of Psychology. York University, Toronto, Ontario,1971
[72]Isenberg, DJ. How senior managers think. Harvard Business Review.1984,62(6): 80-90
[73][美]Thomas Peters, Robert H. Waterman著.追求卓越.第1版.北京：中央编译出版社,2000
[74]Hayashi A M., when you trust your gut. Harvard Business Review,1986,79(2): 59-65
[75]Naisbitt, John, Aburdene, Patricia.Reinventing the corporation:Transforming your job and your company for the new information society. New York, Warner Books,1985
[76]Chester Barnard. The Functions of the Executive, 1nd ed. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1938
[77]Miller G. A. The magical number seven, plus or minus two:Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review.1956,63(2):343-355
[78]Charles E., Lindblon. The science of "muddling through". Public Administrative Review.1959,19:79-88
[79]Richard M. Cyert, James G. March. A. Behavioral Theory of the Firm The American Economic Review,1964,54(2):144-148
[80]JL McKinney, PGW Keen. How managers'minds work. Harvard Business School Press,1974
[81]Mintzberg Henry. The Structure of Strategic Decision Processes. Administrative Science Quarterly,1994,21:246-275
[82]Weston H Agor. Using Intuition to Manage Organization in the Future. Business Horizons,1984,7(8):49-54
[83]Robert C Blattberg, Tephen J Hoch. Database Models and Managerial Intuition:50% Models+50%Manager. Management Science,1990,36(8):887-899
[84]Andrzdj P Wierzbicki. On the Role of Intuition in Decision Making and Some Ways of Mufti-criteria Aid of Intuition. Mufti-criteria Decision Analysis,1997,76:66-76
[85]Sharon de Monsabert, Frank Snyer. Comparative Evaluation of Analytical and Intuitive Decision Making. Management in Engineering,2003,4:42-51
[86]MG Pratt. Intuition:Its boundaries and role in organizational decision-making. Academy of Management Proceedings,2004
[87]Lisa Sayegh, William P. Anthony, Pamela L. Perrewe. Managerial Decision-Making under Crisis:The Role of Emotion in an Intuitive Decision Process. Human Resource Management Review,2004,14:179-199
[88]C. Chet Miller, R. Duane Ireland, Intuition in strategic decision-making:Friend or foe in the fast-paced 21'S century Academy of Management Executive,2005, 19(1):19-30
[89]柏菊.直觉决策研究综述与展望.中国软科学.2008,05：140-147.
[90]赵凤平.论直觉及其认知和创造功能.辽宁师范大学学报社科版.1998,01,11-16
[91]杨乃定,李怀祖.管理决策新思维-制定科学合理决策的方法.第1版西安：西北工业大学出版社,2004
[92]田志刚,卢兴华,宋一中.关于直觉决策几个问题的研究.论系统管理在我军现代化建设中的作用,2001：245-251.
[93][美]托马斯.H.达文波特,劳伦斯.普兽萨克著,王者译.营运知识：工商企业的知识管理.第1版.江西：江西教育出版社,1999
[94][美]Amrit Tiwana著,董小英,李东,祁延莉等译.知识管理十步走—整合信息技术、策略与知识平台.第1版.北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[95][美]达尔·尼夫(DALE NEEF)主编.樊春良,冷民等译.知识经济.第1版.广东：珠海出版社,1998
[96]Nonaka I. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organizational Science,1994,5(1):14-37
[97]Lam Alice. Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions:An Integrated Framework. Organization Studies.2000,21(3):487-513
[98]Brown J. S., Duguid, P. Organizational learning and communities of practice:toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation. Organization Science,1991,2(1): 40-57
[99]Nonaka I., Takeuchi, H. The knowledge creating company:How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New work:Oxford University, Press,1995
[100]Polanyi M. The Tacit Dimension. London:Routiedge and Kegan Paul,1966
[101]Kogut B., Zander U. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. International Business Studies,1993,24(4):625-645
[102]林东清.知识管理理论与实务.第1版.北京：电子工业出版社.2005
[103]Matsutaro Morita, Tomohiro Takanashi, Nyuumon, Knowledge Management. KihonTo Jitsurei, Tokyo:TOHAN Corporation,1999.
[104]Nelson, Winter. An evolutionary theory of economic change, lnd ed. London Cambridge:Hawed university press,1982.
[105]吴金希.用知识赢得优势—中国企业知识管理模式与战略.第1版.北京：知识产权出版社,2005
[106]Andrew Inkpen. Learning, knowledge acquisition and strategic alliances European Management Journal,1998,16(2):223-229
[107]Karl. E. Sveiby. Tacit Knowledge. James W Cortada, John A. Woods. The Knowledge Management Yearbook 1999-2000, Butterworth-Heinemann,1999.18-27
[108]Hansen M., Nohria N., Tierney T, What's Your Strategy for Managing Knowledge. Harvard Business Review,1999,77(2):106-116
[109]Peter F. Drucker. Manage Challenges for the 21st Century第1版.北京：中国企业联合会,2000
[110]Petrash G. Dow's Journal to a Knowledge Value Management Culture. European Management Journal,1996,14(4):365-373
[111]Wiig K.M., Knowledge Management:Where Did It Come from and Where Will It Go? Expert System with Applications, Pergamon Press/Elsevier (14),1997
[112]Allee V. The knowledge evolution:Expanding organizational intelligence. 1nd ed. Boston:Butterworth-Heinemann,1997
[113]Carl Frappaolo. Wayne Toms, Knowledge Management:From Terra Incognito to Terra Fima Imaging World,1997
[114]Yogesh Malhotra, Toward Knowledge Ecology for Origination white-waters, Knowledge Ecology Whitepaper,1998
[115]Elias Sadie, Ray. Edwards. Knowledge is Power Government and Business Alike, Government Issues Whitepaper,1998
[116]Skyrm, D.J., Knowledge Networking:Creating The Collaborative Enterprise, Butterworth-Heinemann,1999
[117]王德禄.知识管理：竞争力之源.第1版.江苏：江苏人民出版社,1999
[118]赵曙明,沈群红.知识企业与知识管理.第1版.江苏：南京大学出版社,2000
[119]郁义鸿.知识管理与组织创新.第1版.上海：复旦大学出版社,2001
[120]王方华.现代企业管理.第2版.上海：复旦大学出版社,2008
[121]邱均平,段宇锋,岳亚.论知识管理与信息管理.中国图书馆学报,1999(6)：12-18
[122]冯俊文.企业知识管理.软科学,2000,14(1)：53-56.
[123]朱晓峰,肖刚.知识管理基本概念探讨.情报科学,2000(2)：129-131
[124]郭强,叶继红.论企业知识管理的基本问题.福州大学学报社会科学版,2000,1：23-24
[125]高勇,钱省三,应力.知识管理的内涵及实施.华东经济管理,2001,6：62-63
[126]陈通,程国平.企业知识管理主体解析.中国软科学,2001,3：76-78
[127]Schwenk C R. Effects of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry on decision-making: A meta-analysis. Organizational behavior and human decision processes,1990,47 (1):79-95
[128]Weston H Agor. Intuition in Organization:Leading and Managing Productively. Newbury Park,1990,11:22-40
[129]Sternberg, R. J. Pathways to psychology. Harcourt Brace. Fort Worth,1997
[130]Sternberg. R. J., Horvath, J.A. Tacit Knowledge in professional practice:Researcher and practitioner perspectives. Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates,1999
[131]Burke, Miller. Taking the mystery out of intuitive decision making. The Academy of Management Executive,1999
[132]Teng, J.T.C., Calhoun, K.J. Organizational Computing as a Facilitator of Operational and Managerial Decision Making:An Exploratory Study of Managers'Perceptions. DecisionSeienees,1996,27(4):673-710
[133]吴增源.IT能力对企业绩效的影响机制研究.浙江大学博士论文,2007
[134]Goffee R, Jones G. Why should anyone be led by you? Harvard Business Review, 2000,8(5):62-70
[135]Kotter J P. Leading Change:Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review,1995,73(2):59-68.
[136]Brockmann, E.N., Simmonds, P. G. Strategic decision making:The influence of CEO experience and use of tacit knowledge. Journal of Managerial Issues,1997,(4):454-467
[137]Priem, R. L., Rasheed, A. M. A, Kotulic, A.G.. Rationality in Strategic Decision Procuresses, Environmental Dynamism and Firm Performance. Journal of Managemet1999(5):913-929
[138]Gerard P. Hodgkinson, Eugene Sadler Smith, Lisa A. Burke, Guy Claxton and Paul R. Sparrow.Intuition in Organizations:Implications for Strategic Management.Long Range Planning.2009,42(3):277-297
[139]周晓东,基于企业高管认知的企业战略变革研究浙江大学博士论文,2006
[140]Eisenhardt, K. Agency theory:An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review,1989,(1):57-74
[141]Gerardine Desanctis, Marshall Scott Poole. Organization Science.Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use:Adaptive saturation theory.1994,5(2): 121-147
[142]Powell T. C., Dent-Mitcallef. A. Information technology as competitive advantage: The role of human business, and technology resources. Strategic Management Journal,1990,18(5):375-405
[143]Anderson E.F., Real-Time Character Animation for Computer Games. Project Report. The National Centre for Computer Animation, Bournemouth, UK.2001
[144]Hayek. F.A., the Use of Knowledge in Society. American Economic Review, 1945,XXXV,No.4:519-30
[145]Jensen, Michael C., William H. Meckling. Theory of the Firm Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics.1976,3: 305-360
[146]Sawy O.A E, Majchrzak A. Critical issues in research on real-time knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management,2004,8(4):21-37.
[147]王平.国内外企业实时知识管理研究综述.图书情报工作,2009,53(6)：83-86
[148]Snowden D. The knowledge you need, right when you need it. Knowledge Management Review,2003,5(6):24-27
[149]Kerschberg L, Jeong H. Just-in-time knowledge management, http://eceb. gmu. edu/ pubs/JIT-KM-Kersch berg-Jeong. pdf,2008
[150]Knowledge board. Knowledge management models:A state of the art. http://www. Knowledge board.com/item/380/23/5/3-50k.,2008
[151]Tsui E. The role of IT in KM:Where are we now and where are we heading? Journal of Knowledge Management,2005,9(1):3-6
[152]Eikemeier C. Just-in-time access to implicit knowledge with peer-to-peer community systems, http://Emma. Informatics. Unibwmuenchen. de/_portal/_content/professor ships/in-formation Systems/publications/eikemeier_WM2005_JITKM. Pdf,2008
[153]陈菊红,赵斌.准时知识管理及知识供需的匹配分析.研究与发展管理,2005(10)：52-58
[154]张红波,罗一新,杨禹华.基于JIT的企业知识管理探讨.技术经济,2003(1)：39-41
[155]陈力,宣国良,鲁若愚.基于知识分享的企业文化再造.中国科技论坛,2004,7(4)：118-120
[156]Tidd J., Bessant J., Pavitt K. Managing innovation:integrating technological, market and organization change, John Wiley, Sons,2005
[157]Wenger E. Engagement, identity and innovation:Etienne Wenger on communities of practice. An interview by Seth Kahan in the Journal of Association Leadership, January issue,2004
[158]Chesbrough, Henry. Open Platform Innovation:Creating Value from Internal and External Innovation. Intel Technology Journal,2003,7(3):5-9
[159]聂规划,陈晓莉.知识共享的激励机制研究.情报探索,2006,4：6-7
[160]周江华.基于知识平台的企业技术能力增长机理研究.浙江大学博士论文,2004
[161]Huber G. P. A Theory of the Effects of Advanced Information Technologies on Organizational Design, Intelligence, and Decision Making. Academy of Management Review,1990,15(1):47-71
[162]Anandhi S.Bharadwaj A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance:an empirical investigation. MIS Quarterly, 2000,24(1):169-196
[163]J. Robert Baum, Stefan Wally. Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(11):1107-1129
[164]Kearns S. Grover, Sabherwal Rajiv. Strategic Alignment Between Business and Information Technology:A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome and Consequences. Management Information Systems,2007,23(3):129-162.
[165]池芳微.IT能力对企业绩交的影响机制研究——基于动态能力的视角.浙江大学硕士论文,2009
[166]Gorry GA, Scott Morton M S. A Framework for Management Information Systems. Sloan Management Review,1971
[167]Jim Courtney. Decision Making and Knowledge Management in Inquiring Organizations Knowledge Management. Decision Support Systems. Special issue Knowledge Management,2000
[168]Mogens Kuhn Pedersen., Michael Holm Larsen. Distributed knowledge management based on product state models-the case of decision support in health care administration.Decision Support Systems,2001,31(1):139-158
[169]Bonnie Rubenstein, Montano, Jay Liebowitz. A Systems Thinking Framework for Knowledge Management. Decision Support Systems. Special issue on Knowledge Management,2000
[170]Qingquan Wang and Lili Rong. Agile Knowledge Supply Chain for Emergency Decision-Making Support.Computational Science,2007,4490:178-185
[171]Deikman, A. Intuition. In H. Palmer (Ed.), Inner knowing New York:Penguin Putnam.,1998
[172]Ray, Michael L. Myers, Rochelle.Creativity in business. New York:Doubleday,1989
[173]王重鸣.心理学研究方法.第1版.北京：人民教育出版社,1990
[174]Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., Black W. C. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings.5th Ed. New York:McMillan Publishing,1998
[175]张辉华.管理者的情绪智力及其与工作绩效的关系研究.暨南大学博士论文,2006
[176]凌文栓,方俐洛.心理和行为测量.第1版.北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[177]Zikmund, W.G., Business Research Methods 7th Edition. Mason, Ohio:Thompson Learning,2002.
[178]Igbaria, M., Baroudi J. J. A Short-Form Measure of Career Orientations:A Psychometric Evaluation, Journal of Management Information Systems, Fall,1993, 10(2):131-154
[179]Steenkamp, M. Trijp, M. The Use of Lisrel in Validating Marketing Constructs, International Journal of Research in Marketing,1991,8:283-299
[180]金玉芳,董大海.消费者信任影响因素实证研究—基于过程的观点.管理世界,2004,7：93-100
[181]Boyatzis R.E., Stimulating self-directed learning through the Managerial Assessment and Development Course. Management Education,1994,18,3
[182]Bos, Wilfried, Christian Tarnai. Content analysis in empirical social research. International Journal of Educational Research,1999,31:659-671
[183]Miles M.B., Huberman, A.M. Qualitative Data Analysis:An expanded sourcebook. 2nd Ed. Sage:London:Thousand Oaks, California,1994
[184]Nunnally J.C., Bernstein I.H. Psychometric methods.3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill,1994.
[185]Rebecca K. Ratner, Kenneth C. Herbst. When good decisions have bad outcomes: The impact of affect on switching behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2005,96(1):23-37
[186]Bandura Albert. Social foundations of thought and action:Asocial cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ,US:Prentice Hall, Inc.,1986
[187]N. Bolloju, M. Khalifa, E. Turban. Integrating knowledge management into enterprise environments for the next generation decision support, Decision Support Systems,2002,33(2):163-176.
[188]吴应良,吴海平.一种基于知识仓库的决策支持体系结构模型.软科学,2004,18(4)：5-9
[189][英]乔治.旺.科鲁夫.知识创新—价值的源泉.第1版.北京：经济管理出版社,2003
[190]何德勇.知识管理实施要领—竞争力的塑造和持续提升.第1版.北京：经济管理出版社,2007
[191]Kahneman, D. Slovic P., and Tversky A. Judgment under uncertainty Heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1981
[192]Dorsey, Paul A., Personal Knowledge Management:Educational Framework for Global Business, Tabor School of Business, Milliken University,2001
[193]冯俊文.能力集分析.管理科学学报.1999,2(2)：77-.83
[194]Fishman R., Kemerer C. The assimilation of process innovations:An organizational learning perspective. Management Science,1997,43(10):1345-1363
[195]张浩.直觉、灵感或顿悟与创造性思维.重庆社会科学,2010,05：86-91
[196][美]特伦斯E.迪尔,艾伦A.肯尼迪.孙健敏,黄小勇译.新企业文化——重获工作场所的活力.第1版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009
[197]郭彤梅.基于知识管理的企业文化建设.企业管理,2008,08：93-94
[198]Kwaku Atuahene, Gima, Felicitas Evangelista. Cross Functional Influence in New Product Development:An Exploratory Study of Marketing Perspectives. Management Science,2000,46(10):1269-1284
[199]陈国权.学习型组织的组织结构特征与案例分析.管理科学学报,2004,17(4)： 56-77
[200]储节旺.知识管理概论.北京：清华大学出版社.2006：114-115.
[201]张克英,郭伟,孙晓华.知识型组织的知识共享激励模式研究.情报杂志,2008,09：44-46
[202]Buchel B, Raub.S. Building knowledge creating value networks. European Management Journal,2002,20(6):587-596
[203]Earley, P. C. and E. Mosakowski. Creating hybrid team cultures:An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal,2000,18(1): 17-27
[204]Ruggles R. Knowledge tools:using technology to manage knowledge better. Working paper, Ernst and Young,1997
[205]苟良.知识管理系统IT要素和架构探讨.中国信息经济学会2005年年会会议论文集.广东,2005.12：548-549
[206]陈欣.个人知识与组织知识转化机理和机制,中国地质大学学报社会科学版,2004(12)：59-64
[207]张洪彬,沈治宏.论个人知识管理.图书馆理论与实践,2004(1)：33-35
[208]王众托.创建知识系统工程学科.中国工程科学,2006,12：5-13
[209]王铜安,赵高正,罗英.知识转化灰箱模型与企业知识管理策略的研究.科研管理,2005(5)：86-89
[210]徐小飞.论企业危机管理体系的构建.企业经济,2004,01：64-65
[211]郭瑞鹏,孔昭君.管理决策的特点、方法及对策研究.科技管理研究,2005(8)：147-149
[212]Ramaprasad, A, Mitroff, I.I. On Formulating Strategic Problems. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(4):597-605
[213]Mitroff,I.I. and T. R. Featheringham. On Systemic Problem Solving and the Error of the Third Kind. Behavioral Science.1974,19(6):383-393
[214]董从文,易加斌.对建立现代企业内部管理预警机制的探讨.学术交流.2004,127(10)：45-48
[215]Leonard Barton, D. Core capabilities and core rigidities:a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,1998,13:111-125
[216]王军霞,官建成.组织知识型决策的影响因素及效果探析.科学学研究,2006,24(5)：771-776
[217]戴俊,朱小梅.基于团队知识交流的组织知识转化机制研究.科研管理,2005,26(3)：21-128
[218]Stanovich, K.E., West, R.F. Individual differences in rational thought. Experimental Psychology:General,1998,127:161-188.
[219]Smith, S.M., Levin, LP. Need for cognition and choice framing effects. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,1996,9:283-290.
[220]Goldberg, Philip. The intuitive edge:Understanding and developing intuition.1 st Ed. Los Angeles and Boston:Tarcher,1983
[221]Anil K. Gupta, Vijay Govindarajan. knowledge flows within multinational corporations, strategic Management Journal,2000,21(4):473-96
[222]A. H. Gold, A. Malhotra, A. H Segars. Knowledge management:an organizational capabilities perspective, Management Information Systems,2001,18(1):185-214
[223]Vanessa Liu, Mohamed Khalifa:Determinants of Satisfaction at Different Adoption Stages of Internet Based Services,2003
[224]Byounggu Choi and Heeseok Lee. An empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance. Information and Management.2003,40(5): 403-417
[225]Sung-Ho Yu, Young-Gul Kim, Min-Yong Kim, Linking Organizational Knowledge Management Drivers to Knowledge Management Performance:An Exploratory Study.Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04)-Track 8.2004
[226]马宏建.中国高技术企业知识管理能力与绩效研究.上海复旦大学博士论文,2005
[227]陈衍泰.企业利用外部知识能力与企业绩效的关系研究：基于知识平台与知识资产经营的视角.复旦大学博士论文,2007
[228]张凌.科技型中小企业的知识管理能力与企业绩效关系研究.苏州大学硕士论文,2009
[229]Sabherwal, R., Becerra Fernandez, L, An Empirical Study of The Effect of Knowledge Management Processes At Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels, Decision Sciences, Spring 2003,34(2):225-260
[230]H Tanriverdi. Information technology relatedness, knowledge management capability, and performance of multi business firms Mis Quarterly,2005,29(2):311-334
[231]詹延遵.高新技术企业知识管理能力研究.暨南大学博士论文,2007
[232]韩维贺.知识管理过程、IT平台与企业绩效关系研究.大连理工大学博士论文,2006
[233]Szilagyi, A. D., Wallar, M. J. Organizational Behavior and Performance,2nd ed. Santa Monica, A:Goodyear Publishing Inc.1980
[234]J.Bates, F.K. Holton. Evaluation on Performance of Top Manager. International Journal of Technology Management.1991,9(7):181-205
[235]Borman W. C, Bush D. H. More progress towards a taxonomy of managerial performance requirements. Human Performance.1993,6:1-11
[236]Conway, James M. Distinguishing contextual performance from task performance for managerial jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology,1999,84(1):3-13
[237]Conway, James M. Managerial Performance Development Constructs and Personality Correlates. Human Performance,2000,13(1):23-46
[238]尹鹏.企业高管人员绩效综合评价研究.华中科学大学硕士论文,2006.
[239]Walter C. Borman, Stephan J. Motowidlo. Task Performance and Contextual Performance:The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research Human Performance, 1997,10(2):99-109
[240]Ravichandran, T., Lertwongsatien, C. Effect of Information Systems Resources and Capabilities on Firm performance:A Resource Based Perspective. Management Information Systems,2005,21 (4),237-276.
[241]Zaheer, A.,Venkatraman. N. Determinants of Electronic Integration in the Insurance Industry:An Empirical Test. Management Science,1994,40(5):549-566.
[242].Lee, H. G., Clark, T., Tam, K. Y. Can EDI Benefit Adopters? Information Systems Research,1999,10(2),186-195
[243]李雪松.环境不确定性对知识管理战略实施效果的影响.重庆大学博士学位论文,2009
[244]Duncan, R. B. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3):313-327
[245]Dess. C.G., Beard, D. W. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1):52-73
[246]Jansen, J.J.P., Van Den Bosch, F.A J. Volberda, H. W. Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation and Performance:Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators. Management Science,2006,52(11):1661-1674
[247]Lei-Yu, W. Resources, Dynamic Capabilities and Performance in a Dynamic Environment:Perceptions in Taiwanese IT Enterprises. Information and Management,2006,43,447-454
[248]Bollen K.A., J.S. Long. Tests for Structural Equation Models. Special issue of Sociological Methods and Research,1992,21:123-282
[249]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.第1版.北京：教育科学出版社,2004
[250]D'Aveni, R. Hypercompetitive Rivalries:Competing in Highly Dynamic Environments. New York:The Free Press,1994
[251]Hannan and Freeman. Structural inertia and organizational change. Academy of sociological review,1984,49:149-164
[252]Miller, D., Droge, C. Psychological and traditional determinants of structure. Administrative Science Quarterly,1986,31:539-560
[253]James G. March and Zur Shapira. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking. Management Science.1987,33(11):1404-1418
[254]Thomas Lys, Linda Vincent. An analysis of value destruction in AT&T's acquisition of NCR Journal of Financial Economics.1995,39(2-3):353-378
[255]Bourgeois, Eisenhardt. Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments:Toward a midrange theory. The Academy of Management Journal,1988,31(4):737-770
[256]William Q. Judge and Alex Miller. Antecedents and outcomes of decision speed in different environmental contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 1991,34(2)::449-463
[257]Bass, B. M. Stogdill's handbook of Leadership:Theory, Research and Managerial Application. New York:Free Press.1990
[258]Cannella, A. A. Jr. and Monroe, M. J., Contrasting Perspectives on Strategic Leaders: Toward a More Realistic View of Top Managers. Journal of Management,1997,23: 213-238
[259]James R.Meindl, Sanford B.Ehrlich, Janet M Dukerich. The romance of leadership. Administrative Science Quarterly,1985,30(1):78-102
[260]Offstein E, Harrell C G, Tootoonchi A. Executive discretion as a driver of firm competitiveness. Advances in Competitiveness Research,2007,15(2):1-14
[261]Finkelstein S, Hambrick D C. Strategic leadership:top executives and their effects on organizations. West Pub. Co,1996
[262]Waldman D A, Ramirez G G, House R J, and Puranam. Does leadership matter? CEO Leadership Attributes and Profitability under Conditions of Perceived Environment Uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal,2001
[263]Daniel E.O'Leary. Enterprise knowledge management.IEEE Computer Society,1998, 31(3):54-61
[2]Behling O., Echel. N.L. Making sense out of intuition. Academy of management executive,1991,5(1):46-54
[3]Sloman, S. A. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:3-22
[4]Khatri N., Ng H.A. The role of intuition in strategic decision making. Human Relations,2000,5(1):57-86
[5]Gerard George, Adam J. Bock. The role of structured intuition and entrepreneurial opportunities. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,2010(29):277-285
[6]Noordink, P. J., Ashkanasy, N. M. Decision making in a high-risk industry:Why is intuition only effective some of the time? Australian Journal of Psychology,2003,55 Supplement:139-139
[7]Bousson. K., Trave-Massuyes. L. Fuzzy Causal Simulation in Process Engineering, 1nd ed. Menlo Park, Calif.,1993
[8]Schoemaker PJH, Russo J.E. Management overconfidence. Sloan Management Review,1992,33(2):7-17
[9][美]西蒙(H.A. Simon)著,李柱流等译.管理决策新科学.第1版.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1982
[10]Simon H. A., Explaining ineffable:AI on intuition, insight and inspiration topics, In Proc.1995
[11]盛小平,仝丽娟,刘宇.基于知识管理的企业核心竞争力研究述评.图书情报工作,2007,51(2)：56-60
[12]Davenport T H, Prusuk L. Working Knowledge How organizations manage what they know, 1nd ed. Boston Harvard Business School Press 1998.
[13]Felin T, Foss N.J. Strategic organization:A field in search of micro-foundations. Strategic Organization,2005,3 (4):441-455
[14]Galbreath. J. Twenty-first century management rules:The management of Relationships as intangible assets. Management Decision,2002,40:116-126
[15]Hambrick D C, Mason P A. Upper echelons:The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management Review,1984,9:193-206
[16]Iaquinto Anthony L., Fredrickson, James W. Top management team agreement about the strategic decision process:A test of some of its determinants and consequences. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1):63-75
[17]刘大椿.科学活动论.第1版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010
[18]朱新明.直觉、顿悟和灵感的心理机制思维科学研究.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1999
[19]李守成.科学研究的艺术修养.第1版.长春：吉林科学技术出版社,1989
[20]Polanyi M., Personal knowledge towards a post critical philosophy. New York torch books,1962:15-26
[21]Lubit R., Tacit knowledge and knowledge management:the keys to sustainable competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics,2001,29(4):164-176
[22]Brockman E. N., Anthony, W. P. The influence of tacit knowledge and collective mind on strategic planning. Journal of Managerial Issues.1998,10(20):204-219
[23]Parikh J., Neubauer, F., Lank, A. G. Intuition:The new frontier in management, lnd ed. Cambridge, MA:Blackwell.1994
[24]Saint Onge H., The evolutionary organization:avoiding a titanic fate. The Learning Organization,1996,3(4):4-21
[25]孙海法,伍晓奕.企业高层管理团队研究的进展.管理科学学报,2003,6(4)：82-89
[26]James L R, Mulaik S A, Brett J M. A tale of two methods. Organizational Research Methods,2006,9(2):233-244
[27]Gigerenzer G.., Hoffrage U. How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review,1995,102:684-704
[28]Weick K. E., Roberts K. H. Collective mind in organizations:Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly,1993,38:357-381
[29]March, J. G., Simon, H. A. Organizations. New York:Wiley,1958
[30]Gavetti, G., Levinthal, D. Looking forward and looking backward:Cognitive and experiential search. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(1):113-137
[31]Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R.E. The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1982,42:116-131
[32]Bailey J. R. Need for cognition and response mode in the active construction of an information domain. Journal of Economic Psychology,1997,18:69-85
[33]Leippe M R., Eisenstadt D., Rauch S M., Seib H M. Timing of eyewitness expert testimony, jurors need for cognition and case strength as determinants of trial verdicts. Applied Psychology.2004,89:524-541.
[34]Simon, H. A. A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1955,69(1):99-118
[35]Ron Adner, Constance E. Helfat. Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities. Strategic Management Journal.2003,24(10):1011-1025
[36]Gavetti G. Cognition and hierarchy:Rethinking the micro foundations of capabilities' development. Organization Science.2005,16(6):599-617
[37]Farjoun M. Strategy making, novelty and analogical reasoning-commentary on Gavetti, Levinthal and Rivkin (2005). Strategic Management Journal, 2008,29(9):1001-1016
[38]Bingham C B, Haleblian J. How Do Organizations Learn (Or Not) from Experience? A Construal Based View, Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Anaheim, CA: Academy of Management,2008
[39]Tripsas M. Technology, Identity and Inertia through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company". Organization Science.2009,20(2):441-460
[40]Daniel Kahneman, Mark W Riepe. Aspects of Investor Psychology. Portfolio Management,1998,24(4)
[41]Pandza K, Thorpe R. Creative Search and Strategic Sense-making:Missing Dimensions in the Concept of Dynamic Capabilities. British Journal of Management,2009,20(51):118-131
[42]Damasio A R. Descartes Error:Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. Gosset/ Putnam Press, New York,1994
[43]Hastie R. Problems for judgment and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001,52:653-683
[44]Simon, H. A. Making management decisions:The role of intuition and emotion. Academy of Management Executive,1987,1(1):57-64
[45]Bechara A, Damasio H. Deciding advantageously before knowing advantageous strategy. Science,1997,275:1293-1295
[46]Goleman D. Emotional Intelligence, lnd ed. Bantam Books,1995
[47]Wading C P, The arts, emotion, and current research in neuroscience. Mosaic,1998, 31(1):107-124
[48]Antoine Bechara. The role of emotion in decision-making:Evidence from neurological patients with orbit frontal damage. Brain and Cognition.2004,55(1): 30-40
[49]Giorgio Coricelli, Raymond J. Dolan and Angela Sirigu. Brain, emotion and decision making:the paradigmatic example of regret.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2007,11(6):258-265
[50]张志学,张文慧.认知需要与战略决策过程之间的关系.心理科学,2004,27(2)：358-361
[51]罗渝川,张进辅.情感在战略分析中作用研究的新动向.辽宁师范大学学报社会科学版,2003,3：55-57
[52]周爱保.社会认知的理论和实验.兰州：甘肃教育出版社,2002
[53]谢晓非,郑蕊.认知与决策领域的中国研究现况分析.心理科学进展,200311(1)：281-288
[54]梁竹苑,许燕.决策中个体差异作用的研究现状.第十届全国心理学学术会议,2005；262
[55]Evans, J.St.B.T. Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning. British Journal of Psychology,1984,75:451-468
[56]Klein, G. Sources of power. How people make decision. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,1998
[57]Krantz, J.H., Dalal,R. Validity of web bases psychological research. M.H. Bimbaum. Psychological experiments on the internet. SanDiego, CA:Academic Press,2000:35-60
[58]Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West. Individual differences in reasoning:Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2000,23:645-726
[59]Evnas,J.S. Strategic Flexibility of High Technology Maneuvers. Journal of Management Sutdies,1991(1):69-90
[60]Gigerenzer, G, Regier, T. How do we tell an association from a rule? Comment on Sloman. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:23-26.
[61]Sloman. S.A. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119:3-22
[62]Klaczynski P A. The influence of analytic and heuristic processing on adolescent reasoning and decision making. Child Development,2001,72:844-861
[63]Epstein, S., Pacini,R., Denes Raj, V., and Heier, H. Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical rational thinking styles. Personality and Social Psychology,1996,71(2):390-405
[64]Hammond, K.R. Human indigent and social policy. New York, NY:Oxford University Press,1996
[65]Dunwoody, P.T., Haarbauer, E., Mahan, R.P., Marino, C., and Tang, C.C. Cognitive adaptation and its consequences:A test of cognitive continuum theory. Behavioral Decision Making 2000,13:35-54
[66]Mahan, R.P. Stress-induced strategy shifts toward intuitive cognition:A cognitive continuum framework approach. Human Performance,1994,7(2):85-118
[67]Mandy M. Cheng and Peter F. Luckett. Axel K.D. Schulz. The Effects of Cognitive Style Diversity on Decision-Making Dyads:An Empirical Analysis in the Context of a Complex Task. Behavioral Research in Accounting.2003,15 (1):39
[68]Bochner, S. Defining intolerance of ambiguity. Psychological Record. 1965,(3):393-400
[69]Mark, Gerry Jenkins Johnson. Entrepreneurial Intentions and Outcomes:a Comparative Causal Mapping Study. Management Studies.1997,34(6):895-920
[70]Vaughan, F.E. Awakening intuition. Garden City, New York:Anchor Books,1979
[71]Carl Jung. Psychological Types Classics in the History of Psychology. York University, Toronto, Ontario,1971
[72]Isenberg, DJ. How senior managers think. Harvard Business Review.1984,62(6): 80-90
[73][美]Thomas Peters, Robert H. Waterman著.追求卓越.第1版.北京：中央编译出版社,2000
[74]Hayashi A M., when you trust your gut. Harvard Business Review,1986,79(2): 59-65
[75]Naisbitt, John, Aburdene, Patricia.Reinventing the corporation:Transforming your job and your company for the new information society. New York, Warner Books,1985
[76]Chester Barnard. The Functions of the Executive, 1nd ed. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1938
[77]Miller G. A. The magical number seven, plus or minus two:Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review.1956,63(2):343-355
[78]Charles E., Lindblon. The science of "muddling through". Public Administrative Review.1959,19:79-88
[79]Richard M. Cyert, James G. March. A. Behavioral Theory of the Firm The American Economic Review,1964,54(2):144-148
[80]JL McKinney, PGW Keen. How managers'minds work. Harvard Business School Press,1974
[81]Mintzberg Henry. The Structure of Strategic Decision Processes. Administrative Science Quarterly,1994,21:246-275
[82]Weston H Agor. Using Intuition to Manage Organization in the Future. Business Horizons,1984,7(8):49-54
[83]Robert C Blattberg, Tephen J Hoch. Database Models and Managerial Intuition:50% Models+50%Manager. Management Science,1990,36(8):887-899
[84]Andrzdj P Wierzbicki. On the Role of Intuition in Decision Making and Some Ways of Mufti-criteria Aid of Intuition. Mufti-criteria Decision Analysis,1997,76:66-76
[85]Sharon de Monsabert, Frank Snyer. Comparative Evaluation of Analytical and Intuitive Decision Making. Management in Engineering,2003,4:42-51
[86]MG Pratt. Intuition:Its boundaries and role in organizational decision-making. Academy of Management Proceedings,2004
[87]Lisa Sayegh, William P. Anthony, Pamela L. Perrewe. Managerial Decision-Making under Crisis:The Role of Emotion in an Intuitive Decision Process. Human Resource Management Review,2004,14:179-199
[88]C. Chet Miller, R. Duane Ireland, Intuition in strategic decision-making:Friend or foe in the fast-paced 21'S century Academy of Management Executive,2005, 19(1):19-30
[89]柏菊.直觉决策研究综述与展望.中国软科学.2008,05：140-147.
[90]赵凤平.论直觉及其认知和创造功能.辽宁师范大学学报社科版.1998,01,11-16
[91]杨乃定,李怀祖.管理决策新思维-制定科学合理决策的方法.第1版西安：西北工业大学出版社,2004
[92]田志刚,卢兴华,宋一中.关于直觉决策几个问题的研究.论系统管理在我军现代化建设中的作用,2001：245-251.
[93][美]托马斯.H.达文波特,劳伦斯.普兽萨克著,王者译.营运知识：工商企业的知识管理.第1版.江西：江西教育出版社,1999
[94][美]Amrit Tiwana著,董小英,李东,祁延莉等译.知识管理十步走—整合信息技术、策略与知识平台.第1版.北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[95][美]达尔·尼夫(DALE NEEF)主编.樊春良,冷民等译.知识经济.第1版.广东：珠海出版社,1998
[96]Nonaka I. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organizational Science,1994,5(1):14-37
[97]Lam Alice. Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions:An Integrated Framework. Organization Studies.2000,21(3):487-513
[98]Brown J. S., Duguid, P. Organizational learning and communities of practice:toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation. Organization Science,1991,2(1): 40-57
[99]Nonaka I., Takeuchi, H. The knowledge creating company:How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New work:Oxford University, Press,1995
[100]Polanyi M. The Tacit Dimension. London:Routiedge and Kegan Paul,1966
[101]Kogut B., Zander U. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. International Business Studies,1993,24(4):625-645
[102]林东清.知识管理理论与实务.第1版.北京：电子工业出版社.2005
[103]Matsutaro Morita, Tomohiro Takanashi, Nyuumon, Knowledge Management. KihonTo Jitsurei, Tokyo:TOHAN Corporation,1999.
[104]Nelson, Winter. An evolutionary theory of economic change, lnd ed. London Cambridge:Hawed university press,1982.
[105]吴金希.用知识赢得优势—中国企业知识管理模式与战略.第1版.北京：知识产权出版社,2005
[106]Andrew Inkpen. Learning, knowledge acquisition and strategic alliances European Management Journal,1998,16(2):223-229
[107]Karl. E. Sveiby. Tacit Knowledge. James W Cortada, John A. Woods. The Knowledge Management Yearbook 1999-2000, Butterworth-Heinemann,1999.18-27
[108]Hansen M., Nohria N., Tierney T, What's Your Strategy for Managing Knowledge. Harvard Business Review,1999,77(2):106-116
[109]Peter F. Drucker. Manage Challenges for the 21st Century第1版.北京：中国企业联合会,2000
[110]Petrash G. Dow's Journal to a Knowledge Value Management Culture. European Management Journal,1996,14(4):365-373
[111]Wiig K.M., Knowledge Management:Where Did It Come from and Where Will It Go? Expert System with Applications, Pergamon Press/Elsevier (14),1997
[112]Allee V. The knowledge evolution:Expanding organizational intelligence. 1nd ed. Boston:Butterworth-Heinemann,1997
[113]Carl Frappaolo. Wayne Toms, Knowledge Management:From Terra Incognito to Terra Fima Imaging World,1997
[114]Yogesh Malhotra, Toward Knowledge Ecology for Origination white-waters, Knowledge Ecology Whitepaper,1998
[115]Elias Sadie, Ray. Edwards. Knowledge is Power Government and Business Alike, Government Issues Whitepaper,1998
[116]Skyrm, D.J., Knowledge Networking:Creating The Collaborative Enterprise, Butterworth-Heinemann,1999
[117]王德禄.知识管理：竞争力之源.第1版.江苏：江苏人民出版社,1999
[118]赵曙明,沈群红.知识企业与知识管理.第1版.江苏：南京大学出版社,2000
[119]郁义鸿.知识管理与组织创新.第1版.上海：复旦大学出版社,2001
[120]王方华.现代企业管理.第2版.上海：复旦大学出版社,2008
[121]邱均平,段宇锋,岳亚.论知识管理与信息管理.中国图书馆学报,1999(6)：12-18
[122]冯俊文.企业知识管理.软科学,2000,14(1)：53-56.
[123]朱晓峰,肖刚.知识管理基本概念探讨.情报科学,2000(2)：129-131
[124]郭强,叶继红.论企业知识管理的基本问题.福州大学学报社会科学版,2000,1：23-24
[125]高勇,钱省三,应力.知识管理的内涵及实施.华东经济管理,2001,6：62-63
[126]陈通,程国平.企业知识管理主体解析.中国软科学,2001,3：76-78
[127]Schwenk C R. Effects of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry on decision-making: A meta-analysis. Organizational behavior and human decision processes,1990,47 (1):79-95
[128]Weston H Agor. Intuition in Organization:Leading and Managing Productively. Newbury Park,1990,11:22-40
[129]Sternberg, R. J. Pathways to psychology. Harcourt Brace. Fort Worth,1997
[130]Sternberg. R. J., Horvath, J.A. Tacit Knowledge in professional practice:Researcher and practitioner perspectives. Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Asociates,1999
[131]Burke, Miller. Taking the mystery out of intuitive decision making. The Academy of Management Executive,1999
[132]Teng, J.T.C., Calhoun, K.J. Organizational Computing as a Facilitator of Operational and Managerial Decision Making:An Exploratory Study of Managers'Perceptions. DecisionSeienees,1996,27(4):673-710
[133]吴增源.IT能力对企业绩效的影响机制研究.浙江大学博士论文,2007
[134]Goffee R, Jones G. Why should anyone be led by you? Harvard Business Review, 2000,8(5):62-70
[135]Kotter J P. Leading Change:Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review,1995,73(2):59-68.
[136]Brockmann, E.N., Simmonds, P. G. Strategic decision making:The influence of CEO experience and use of tacit knowledge. Journal of Managerial Issues,1997,(4):454-467
[137]Priem, R. L., Rasheed, A. M. A, Kotulic, A.G.. Rationality in Strategic Decision Procuresses, Environmental Dynamism and Firm Performance. Journal of Managemet1999(5):913-929
[138]Gerard P. Hodgkinson, Eugene Sadler Smith, Lisa A. Burke, Guy Claxton and Paul R. Sparrow.Intuition in Organizations:Implications for Strategic Management.Long Range Planning.2009,42(3):277-297
[139]周晓东,基于企业高管认知的企业战略变革研究浙江大学博士论文,2006
[140]Eisenhardt, K. Agency theory:An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review,1989,(1):57-74
[141]Gerardine Desanctis, Marshall Scott Poole. Organization Science.Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use:Adaptive saturation theory.1994,5(2): 121-147
[142]Powell T. C., Dent-Mitcallef. A. Information technology as competitive advantage: The role of human business, and technology resources. Strategic Management Journal,1990,18(5):375-405
[143]Anderson E.F., Real-Time Character Animation for Computer Games. Project Report. The National Centre for Computer Animation, Bournemouth, UK.2001
[144]Hayek. F.A., the Use of Knowledge in Society. American Economic Review, 1945,XXXV,No.4:519-30
[145]Jensen, Michael C., William H. Meckling. Theory of the Firm Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics.1976,3: 305-360
[146]Sawy O.A E, Majchrzak A. Critical issues in research on real-time knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management,2004,8(4):21-37.
[147]王平.国内外企业实时知识管理研究综述.图书情报工作,2009,53(6)：83-86
[148]Snowden D. The knowledge you need, right when you need it. Knowledge Management Review,2003,5(6):24-27
[149]Kerschberg L, Jeong H. Just-in-time knowledge management, http://eceb. gmu. edu/ pubs/JIT-KM-Kersch berg-Jeong. pdf,2008
[150]Knowledge board. Knowledge management models:A state of the art. http://www. Knowledge board.com/item/380/23/5/3-50k.,2008
[151]Tsui E. The role of IT in KM:Where are we now and where are we heading? Journal of Knowledge Management,2005,9(1):3-6
[152]Eikemeier C. Just-in-time access to implicit knowledge with peer-to-peer community systems, http://Emma. Informatics. Unibwmuenchen. de/_portal/_content/professor ships/in-formation Systems/publications/eikemeier_WM2005_JITKM. Pdf,2008
[153]陈菊红,赵斌.准时知识管理及知识供需的匹配分析.研究与发展管理,2005(10)：52-58
[154]张红波,罗一新,杨禹华.基于JIT的企业知识管理探讨.技术经济,2003(1)：39-41
[155]陈力,宣国良,鲁若愚.基于知识分享的企业文化再造.中国科技论坛,2004,7(4)：118-120
[156]Tidd J., Bessant J., Pavitt K. Managing innovation:integrating technological, market and organization change, John Wiley, Sons,2005
[157]Wenger E. Engagement, identity and innovation:Etienne Wenger on communities of practice. An interview by Seth Kahan in the Journal of Association Leadership, January issue,2004
[158]Chesbrough, Henry. Open Platform Innovation:Creating Value from Internal and External Innovation. Intel Technology Journal,2003,7(3):5-9
[159]聂规划,陈晓莉.知识共享的激励机制研究.情报探索,2006,4：6-7
[160]周江华.基于知识平台的企业技术能力增长机理研究.浙江大学博士论文,2004
[161]Huber G. P. A Theory of the Effects of Advanced Information Technologies on Organizational Design, Intelligence, and Decision Making. Academy of Management Review,1990,15(1):47-71
[162]Anandhi S.Bharadwaj A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance:an empirical investigation. MIS Quarterly, 2000,24(1):169-196
[163]J. Robert Baum, Stefan Wally. Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(11):1107-1129
[164]Kearns S. Grover, Sabherwal Rajiv. Strategic Alignment Between Business and Information Technology:A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome and Consequences. Management Information Systems,2007,23(3):129-162.
[165]池芳微.IT能力对企业绩交的影响机制研究——基于动态能力的视角.浙江大学硕士论文,2009
[166]Gorry GA, Scott Morton M S. A Framework for Management Information Systems. Sloan Management Review,1971
[167]Jim Courtney. Decision Making and Knowledge Management in Inquiring Organizations Knowledge Management. Decision Support Systems. Special issue Knowledge Management,2000
[168]Mogens Kuhn Pedersen., Michael Holm Larsen. Distributed knowledge management based on product state models-the case of decision support in health care administration.Decision Support Systems,2001,31(1):139-158
[169]Bonnie Rubenstein, Montano, Jay Liebowitz. A Systems Thinking Framework for Knowledge Management. Decision Support Systems. Special issue on Knowledge Management,2000
[170]Qingquan Wang and Lili Rong. Agile Knowledge Supply Chain for Emergency Decision-Making Support.Computational Science,2007,4490:178-185
[171]Deikman, A. Intuition. In H. Palmer (Ed.), Inner knowing New York:Penguin Putnam.,1998
[172]Ray, Michael L. Myers, Rochelle.Creativity in business. New York:Doubleday,1989
[173]王重鸣.心理学研究方法.第1版.北京：人民教育出版社,1990
[174]Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., Black W. C. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings.5th Ed. New York:McMillan Publishing,1998
[175]张辉华.管理者的情绪智力及其与工作绩效的关系研究.暨南大学博士论文,2006
[176]凌文栓,方俐洛.心理和行为测量.第1版.北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[177]Zikmund, W.G., Business Research Methods 7th Edition. Mason, Ohio:Thompson Learning,2002.
[178]Igbaria, M., Baroudi J. J. A Short-Form Measure of Career Orientations:A Psychometric Evaluation, Journal of Management Information Systems, Fall,1993, 10(2):131-154
[179]Steenkamp, M. Trijp, M. The Use of Lisrel in Validating Marketing Constructs, International Journal of Research in Marketing,1991,8:283-299
[180]金玉芳,董大海.消费者信任影响因素实证研究—基于过程的观点.管理世界,2004,7：93-100
[181]Boyatzis R.E., Stimulating self-directed learning through the Managerial Assessment and Development Course. Management Education,1994,18,3
[182]Bos, Wilfried, Christian Tarnai. Content analysis in empirical social research. International Journal of Educational Research,1999,31:659-671
[183]Miles M.B., Huberman, A.M. Qualitative Data Analysis:An expanded sourcebook. 2nd Ed. Sage:London:Thousand Oaks, California,1994
[184]Nunnally J.C., Bernstein I.H. Psychometric methods.3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill,1994.
[185]Rebecca K. Ratner, Kenneth C. Herbst. When good decisions have bad outcomes: The impact of affect on switching behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2005,96(1):23-37
[186]Bandura Albert. Social foundations of thought and action:Asocial cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ,US:Prentice Hall, Inc.,1986
[187]N. Bolloju, M. Khalifa, E. Turban. Integrating knowledge management into enterprise environments for the next generation decision support, Decision Support Systems,2002,33(2):163-176.
[188]吴应良,吴海平.一种基于知识仓库的决策支持体系结构模型.软科学,2004,18(4)：5-9
[189][英]乔治.旺.科鲁夫.知识创新—价值的源泉.第1版.北京：经济管理出版社,2003
[190]何德勇.知识管理实施要领—竞争力的塑造和持续提升.第1版.北京：经济管理出版社,2007
[191]Kahneman, D. Slovic P., and Tversky A. Judgment under uncertainty Heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1981
[192]Dorsey, Paul A., Personal Knowledge Management:Educational Framework for Global Business, Tabor School of Business, Milliken University,2001
[193]冯俊文.能力集分析.管理科学学报.1999,2(2)：77-.83
[194]Fishman R., Kemerer C. The assimilation of process innovations:An organizational learning perspective. Management Science,1997,43(10):1345-1363
[195]张浩.直觉、灵感或顿悟与创造性思维.重庆社会科学,2010,05：86-91
[196][美]特伦斯E.迪尔,艾伦A.肯尼迪.孙健敏,黄小勇译.新企业文化——重获工作场所的活力.第1版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009
[197]郭彤梅.基于知识管理的企业文化建设.企业管理,2008,08：93-94
[198]Kwaku Atuahene, Gima, Felicitas Evangelista. Cross Functional Influence in New Product Development:An Exploratory Study of Marketing Perspectives. Management Science,2000,46(10):1269-1284
[199]陈国权.学习型组织的组织结构特征与案例分析.管理科学学报,2004,17(4)： 56-77
[200]储节旺.知识管理概论.北京：清华大学出版社.2006：114-115.
[201]张克英,郭伟,孙晓华.知识型组织的知识共享激励模式研究.情报杂志,2008,09：44-46
[202]Buchel B, Raub.S. Building knowledge creating value networks. European Management Journal,2002,20(6):587-596
[203]Earley, P. C. and E. Mosakowski. Creating hybrid team cultures:An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal,2000,18(1): 17-27
[204]Ruggles R. Knowledge tools:using technology to manage knowledge better. Working paper, Ernst and Young,1997
[205]苟良.知识管理系统IT要素和架构探讨.中国信息经济学会2005年年会会议论文集.广东,2005.12：548-549
[206]陈欣.个人知识与组织知识转化机理和机制,中国地质大学学报社会科学版,2004(12)：59-64
[207]张洪彬,沈治宏.论个人知识管理.图书馆理论与实践,2004(1)：33-35
[208]王众托.创建知识系统工程学科.中国工程科学,2006,12：5-13
[209]王铜安,赵高正,罗英.知识转化灰箱模型与企业知识管理策略的研究.科研管理,2005(5)：86-89
[210]徐小飞.论企业危机管理体系的构建.企业经济,2004,01：64-65
[211]郭瑞鹏,孔昭君.管理决策的特点、方法及对策研究.科技管理研究,2005(8)：147-149
[212]Ramaprasad, A, Mitroff, I.I. On Formulating Strategic Problems. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(4):597-605
[213]Mitroff,I.I. and T. R. Featheringham. On Systemic Problem Solving and the Error of the Third Kind. Behavioral Science.1974,19(6):383-393
[214]董从文,易加斌.对建立现代企业内部管理预警机制的探讨.学术交流.2004,127(10)：45-48
[215]Leonard Barton, D. Core capabilities and core rigidities:a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,1998,13:111-125
[216]王军霞,官建成.组织知识型决策的影响因素及效果探析.科学学研究,2006,24(5)：771-776
[217]戴俊,朱小梅.基于团队知识交流的组织知识转化机制研究.科研管理,2005,26(3)：21-128
[218]Stanovich, K.E., West, R.F. Individual differences in rational thought. Experimental Psychology:General,1998,127:161-188.
[219]Smith, S.M., Levin, LP. Need for cognition and choice framing effects. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,1996,9:283-290.
[220]Goldberg, Philip. The intuitive edge:Understanding and developing intuition.1 st Ed. Los Angeles and Boston:Tarcher,1983
[221]Anil K. Gupta, Vijay Govindarajan. knowledge flows within multinational corporations, strategic Management Journal,2000,21(4):473-96
[222]A. H. Gold, A. Malhotra, A. H Segars. Knowledge management:an organizational capabilities perspective, Management Information Systems,2001,18(1):185-214
[223]Vanessa Liu, Mohamed Khalifa:Determinants of Satisfaction at Different Adoption Stages of Internet Based Services,2003
[224]Byounggu Choi and Heeseok Lee. An empirical investigation of KM styles and their effect on corporate performance. Information and Management.2003,40(5): 403-417
[225]Sung-Ho Yu, Young-Gul Kim, Min-Yong Kim, Linking Organizational Knowledge Management Drivers to Knowledge Management Performance:An Exploratory Study.Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04)-Track 8.2004
[226]马宏建.中国高技术企业知识管理能力与绩效研究.上海复旦大学博士论文,2005
[227]陈衍泰.企业利用外部知识能力与企业绩效的关系研究：基于知识平台与知识资产经营的视角.复旦大学博士论文,2007
[228]张凌.科技型中小企业的知识管理能力与企业绩效关系研究.苏州大学硕士论文,2009
[229]Sabherwal, R., Becerra Fernandez, L, An Empirical Study of The Effect of Knowledge Management Processes At Individual, Group, and Organizational Levels, Decision Sciences, Spring 2003,34(2):225-260
[230]H Tanriverdi. Information technology relatedness, knowledge management capability, and performance of multi business firms Mis Quarterly,2005,29(2):311-334
[231]詹延遵.高新技术企业知识管理能力研究.暨南大学博士论文,2007
[232]韩维贺.知识管理过程、IT平台与企业绩效关系研究.大连理工大学博士论文,2006
[233]Szilagyi, A. D., Wallar, M. J. Organizational Behavior and Performance,2nd ed. Santa Monica, A:Goodyear Publishing Inc.1980
[234]J.Bates, F.K. Holton. Evaluation on Performance of Top Manager. International Journal of Technology Management.1991,9(7):181-205
[235]Borman W. C, Bush D. H. More progress towards a taxonomy of managerial performance requirements. Human Performance.1993,6:1-11
[236]Conway, James M. Distinguishing contextual performance from task performance for managerial jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology,1999,84(1):3-13
[237]Conway, James M. Managerial Performance Development Constructs and Personality Correlates. Human Performance,2000,13(1):23-46
[238]尹鹏.企业高管人员绩效综合评价研究.华中科学大学硕士论文,2006.
[239]Walter C. Borman, Stephan J. Motowidlo. Task Performance and Contextual Performance:The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research Human Performance, 1997,10(2):99-109
[240]Ravichandran, T., Lertwongsatien, C. Effect of Information Systems Resources and Capabilities on Firm performance:A Resource Based Perspective. Management Information Systems,2005,21 (4),237-276.
[241]Zaheer, A.,Venkatraman. N. Determinants of Electronic Integration in the Insurance Industry:An Empirical Test. Management Science,1994,40(5):549-566.
[242].Lee, H. G., Clark, T., Tam, K. Y. Can EDI Benefit Adopters? Information Systems Research,1999,10(2),186-195
[243]李雪松.环境不确定性对知识管理战略实施效果的影响.重庆大学博士学位论文,2009
[244]Duncan, R. B. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3):313-327
[245]Dess. C.G., Beard, D. W. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1):52-73
[246]Jansen, J.J.P., Van Den Bosch, F.A J. Volberda, H. W. Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation and Performance:Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators. Management Science,2006,52(11):1661-1674
[247]Lei-Yu, W. Resources, Dynamic Capabilities and Performance in a Dynamic Environment:Perceptions in Taiwanese IT Enterprises. Information and Management,2006,43,447-454
[248]Bollen K.A., J.S. Long. Tests for Structural Equation Models. Special issue of Sociological Methods and Research,1992,21:123-282
[249]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.第1版.北京：教育科学出版社,2004
[250]D'Aveni, R. Hypercompetitive Rivalries:Competing in Highly Dynamic Environments. New York:The Free Press,1994
[251]Hannan and Freeman. Structural inertia and organizational change. Academy of sociological review,1984,49:149-164
[252]Miller, D., Droge, C. Psychological and traditional determinants of structure. Administrative Science Quarterly,1986,31:539-560
[253]James G. March and Zur Shapira. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking. Management Science.1987,33(11):1404-1418
[254]Thomas Lys, Linda Vincent. An analysis of value destruction in AT&T's acquisition of NCR Journal of Financial Economics.1995,39(2-3):353-378
[255]Bourgeois, Eisenhardt. Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments:Toward a midrange theory. The Academy of Management Journal,1988,31(4):737-770
[256]William Q. Judge and Alex Miller. Antecedents and outcomes of decision speed in different environmental contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 1991,34(2)::449-463
[257]Bass, B. M. Stogdill's handbook of Leadership:Theory, Research and Managerial Application. New York:Free Press.1990
[258]Cannella, A. A. Jr. and Monroe, M. J., Contrasting Perspectives on Strategic Leaders: Toward a More Realistic View of Top Managers. Journal of Management,1997,23: 213-238
[259]James R.Meindl, Sanford B.Ehrlich, Janet M Dukerich. The romance of leadership. Administrative Science Quarterly,1985,30(1):78-102
[260]Offstein E, Harrell C G, Tootoonchi A. Executive discretion as a driver of firm competitiveness. Advances in Competitiveness Research,2007,15(2):1-14
[261]Finkelstein S, Hambrick D C. Strategic leadership:top executives and their effects on organizations. West Pub. Co,1996
[262]Waldman D A, Ramirez G G, House R J, and Puranam. Does leadership matter? CEO Leadership Attributes and Profitability under Conditions of Perceived Environment Uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal,2001
[263]Daniel E.O'Leary. Enterprise knowledge management.IEEE Computer Society,1998, 31(3):54-61